Donyatt-type pottery in 17th- and 18th-century Virginia and Maryland

Abstract

Thirty-three examples of pottery matching visually the wares made at the kiln sites of Donyatt, south Somerset, England, have been identified from five sites in Virginia and Maryland, the identifications of two vessels being confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis. The paper presents a corpus of the finds identified, draws attention to the good quality of the dating evidence on some sites and offers a guide to the identification of such wares to stimulate further discoveries.     

18th- and 19th-century shipyards at the south-east entrance to the West India Docks, London

Archaeological fieldwork in 1997 on the Isle of Dogs, at the south-east entrance to the West India Docks, recovered evidence of 17th- to 19th-century shipyards, associated activities and foreign trade. Reused timbers may be the remains of the 17th-century Rolt's yard. Reclamation along the natural inlet was accompanied by the construction of a timber dry dock probably in the late 18th century. This soon fell out of use and was filled in with the construction of new dry docks to the south in 1806 by Thomas Pitcher. Much of the debris dating to the first half of the 19th century from ship repairing and building and from a range of ancillary crafts, together with ceramics from Iberia and the Far East, probably came from Pitcher's yard.     

A Reappraisal of Dinas Powys: Local Exchange and Specialized Livestock Production in 5th- to 7th-century Wales

RESULTS OF THE analysis of a previously unstudied group of animal bone from Dinas Powys are tested against the original report and subsequent interpretations. Assumptions inherent in the initial sampling policy and analysis are discussed. The present interpretation explores the concept of social production in early medieval Wales.     

Great Moor Farm,Sowton, Devon: the recording and excavation of a 16th- and 17th-century farmhouse

SUMMARY: The demolished Great Moor Farm provided a unique opportunity to study the development of a Devon farmhouse combining detailed fabric recording, excavation and documentary research. The building had a complex structural history, and neither the recording of the standing structure nor the excavation on its own provided sufficient information for the confident identification of the sequence of phases and their dating. The development of the house can be followed from its original construction in the early 16th century, as it was adapted, improved and enlarged following the prevailing fashions of comfort and style, to become a relatively large and comfortable house by c. 1700. Its growth coincided with a prosperous period for Devon farmers and with the evolution of the medieval to the modern house.     

Inter-Tidal Causeways and Platforms of the 13th- to 16th-Century City-State of Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania

Survey of the coastal and inter-tidal zone at Kilwa in Tanzania resulted in the discovery of a series of artificial causeways and platforms at the entrance to the harbour of Kilwa Kisiwani, an important port trading with East Africa and southern Asia from around the 13th century. These appear to be part of a phase of monumental stone building at Kilwa in the 13th to 16th centuries, and represent a prosperous, confident Kilwa, impressing foreigners arriving by sea. Although necessarily speculative, several possible interpretations of their functions are advanced including navigation, protective breakwaters, access to marine resources, or ceremonial use.
© 2007 The Author     

A Worth of their Own. On Gotland in the Baltic Sea,and its 12th-century Coinage

Abstract

In about AD 1140, the island of Gotland initiated what was to become one of the most influential coinages of the medieval Baltic Sea area. This was part of a strategy to meet the impact and pressure from the world outside in a period characterised by large-scale political and ideological changes. In this situation, old and new networks were important to maintain autonomy from those aiming for dominance over the island. The coins, with an independent weight standard and an iconography inspired by NW German and Frisian coins, were one way of attracting partners to the island's main harbour, where its inhabitants could maintain control and trading peace. Coins incorporate in them the dimensions of object, text and picture. A historical archaeology of coins needs not only focus on large-scale perspectives and formal power, but must also give weight to the archaeological context, the life biography of the coins and the social negotiations behind their production and use. Thus intention and reality, symbolism and social practice may be studied to find openings to the stories behind the objects. The different dimensions of the coins together with historical sources give away plenty of information on several levels: about the networks, ideological framework, artisanship and changing loyalties of this time and area.     

太湖以东的水利、水学与社会(12-14世纪)

北宋后期,官府对太湖以东地区的治水由通盘整治转向局部开江,并进行圩田开发,这一治水策略在南宋到元代继续被沿用,官方默许地方加速围垦,并逐渐放弃大浚吴淞江的工程,而在吴淞江东北、东南两翼开浦。最后,太湖以东形成以东北泄水为主导的总体局面。南宋至元代官方的水利经营,实质上成为官府与富户之间利益妥协的结果。随着不同时期水利开发重心的转移,太湖地区水利学说的重点也随之变化。     

中国旅游业“十三五”规划须关注的几个问题

本文在分析国内外旅游发展背景的基础上,以问题导向与目标导向为逻辑思路,从“结构、空间、产业”3个维度,分析我国旅游业发展中的主要矛盾与问题:结构性矛盾与问题突出、空间拓展与利用不足、产业转型与升级任重道远;并从顶层设计视角提出一些建议:(1)调整结构,促进优化:产品结构优化——寻求休闲度假旅游的突破;消费结构优化——积极促进非基本消费增长;城市供需结构性耦合—分类强化城市旅游供给短板规划建设;三大市场结构优化——大力发展入境旅游.(2)重塑格局,开拓空间:空间重构——科学优化我国旅游空间大格局;轴线重铸——以“三道”走廊重铸我国旅游发展轴线;海洋拓展——积极开拓我国海洋旅游空间;乡村升级——全力推进乡村旅游的质量性增长.(3)转型升级,融合创新:基础提升——实现基础性产业要素转型升级;融合延展——推动融合性产业要素交叉嫁接;创新驱动——推进创新性产业要素创造性发展.     

Some Evidence for Seasonality amongst Later Stone Age Hunter-gatherers in Southern Africa

Abstract

The Later Stone Age (LSA) period in Southern Africa is characterised by a succession of cultural traditions. The LSA hunter-gatherer populations were ancestral to the present-day San. They moved around in small bands, within a semi-fixed territory visiting open air and shelter sites to coincide with available resources.

The hunter-gatherers filled every niche in the environment, including the high mountains, deserts and semi-deserts, bush savanna and grass lands. They were well aware of the food sources available in their territories during the course of a year and utilized these opportunities. As winters in southern Africa are relatively mild, and most regions have foods available throughout the year, seasonality is difficult to demonstrate.

In only a few instances there is some evidence for seasonal use or seasonality. Age profiles of seals at Elands Bay Cave suggest short occupation periods during late winter and early spring. In the high mountains of South Africa and Lesotho, where winters are cold and frost and snow common, the faunal and floral remains suggest occupation during late spring, summer and early autumn. Abbot's Cave in the semi-arid central Karoo was used as a hunting lodge during September, relating to the lambing season and migratory behaviour of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis).     

13～18世纪云贵川交界地区政区设置变化趋势研究

13-18世纪金沙江以东的云、贵、川交界地区在政区设置上产生了一系列变化,主要变化趋势表现在:在政区层级上,由繁而简;在基层政区设置的空间过程上,由外而内;在政区的实际控制上,由虚到实。这一时期本地区地方部族力量的不断减弱与中央权力的逐渐加强是导致这些变化趋势的主要原因。     

Innovative Activity in SMEs and Rural Economic Development: Some Evidence from England

Recent writings on the factors influencing the competitiveness of regional and local economies have emphasized the importance of innovation in SMEs. This paper discusses the findings of a study of the innovation process in a sample of SMEs located in rural environments. Adopting a broad, evolutionary view of the innovation process, the study highlights important sectoral variations using a multidimensional index of innovation. The way in which innovation is achieved is found to be shaped by various aspects of the rural environment, but relatively few firms are constrained by their rural location. Nor does the lack of local networking opportunities appear to hold back innovation in the more active SMEs. In conclusion, the most innovative firms are shown to make an important contribution to rural economies in terms of external income generation and employment generation.     

Fishing: Evidence for Seasonality and Processing of Fish for Preservation in the Northern Isles of Scotland During the Iron Age and Norse Times

Abstract

Evidence from fish remains recovered from two sites in the Northern Isles of Scotland is compared to modern data on fish ecology and ethnographic evidence to assess seasonality in terms of resource availability and its implications for economic activities.     

公元4-5世纪龟兹佛教的繁荣及其原因探析

公元4-5世纪是龟兹佛教的一个兴盛时期,具体表现在有很多著名的地面寺院的修建以及石窟的开凿,而且有些寺院在此之前就已经存在。石窟方面,尤其是大像窟的开凿,更使龟兹佛教艺术达到了一个高峰。另外,这一时期方形窟和中心柱窟都有开凿,而且在绘画上一开始就呈现出相当成熟的绘画技法,出现两种画风并存的局面。龟兹佛教的兴盛与末法思想在当地流行有关,由于贵霜王朝境内佛教的衰落,导致东来的高僧在龟兹停留并传播佛法。佛教得到龟兹王室的大力支持,国王以转轮王的角色出现,护持佛法。