Toyotomi Hideyoshi's effort of retreat and the ending of the East Asian War

Abstract

During the second stage of the East Asian War, Toyotomi Hideyoshi 豐臣秀吉 hopefully sought to make an honorable exit, but the Choson 朝鮮 formulated a unique diplomatic strategy that brought the Ming to the battlefield, and there was no way for Toyotomi Hideyoshi's retreat and attempts at peace talks to be successful. In the end, the war concluded with Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death from illness and the retreat of the Japanese army in defeat, and the international order established between China and Korea was maintained.     

人尽其才是西部民族地区发展的必由之路

在促进西部民族地区发展的要素之中,充分培养、吸纳与合理利用人才,是使西部具有可持续发展能力的根本。本在对西部吸引人才情况和西部教育情况、人才使用情况做了分析之后,提出了从长远发展来看,西部民族地区所需要的各层次人才,主要还要靠对本地人才的培养与合理开发、配置及使用的观点。指出建立科学的人才管理机制,是解决人才浪费,进而实现人尽其才的重要途径。     

对大学新生心理矛盾状况的分析与思考

大学新生心理矛盾的调适正确与否,可能会影响其一生的行为方式,并且与其人生观、价值观和健全人格的完善密切相关。因此了解和掌握大学新生的心理矛盾状况及其形成原因,提出相对应的可行的解决措施,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

荀彧之死——一个关于汉末士大夫“匡复之志”的隐喻

“历代论者多从个人心境、志向、谋略等角度解释荀彧之死。荀彧辅佐曹操,又坚决反对曹操晋爵、加九锡,以至于死,并非当时特例。依附割据群雄、待时而动,以期匡复汉室,并在群雄欲代汉自立时坚决维护汉祚,是东汉末年士大夫普遍的政治抉择。故而,荀彧的人生历程展现了当日士大夫之群体动向,荀彧之死隐喻着汉末士大夫的政治理想——“匡复之志”最终归于失败的命运。     

怎样在小学语文教学中渗透心理健康教育

语文学科《课程标准》明确地提出“知识与能力,态度与方法,情感、态度与价值观”的课程目标与要求,强调对学生能力的培养与人格的养成。“在语文学习过程中,培养爱国主义感情、社会主义道德品质,逐步形成积极的人生态度和正确的价值观,提高文化品位和审美情趣。”     

Rural mental health and social geographies of caring

This paper contributes to an emerging geographical literature on the social geographies of caring. Drawing on recently undertaken empirical work in the Scottish Highlands, personal accounts about the provision of both formal and informal care for people with mental health problems are evaluated. The notion of ‘community care’ is critiqued, as too are claims about how rural and remote rural locations engender particular configurations of caring roles, practices and relations. It is shown that geographical distance, social proximity, stoic cultures and rural gossip networks all have a part to play in how caring occurs in such places. The paper concludes by suggesting areas of future research.     

Global and regional orders and the changing geopolitics of energy

Attention by international relations scholars to the transformation underway stemming from the rise of China has not been matched by that given to the transformation underway in the international energy system. This article looks at three dimensions of that transformation: the end of cheap oil and the rising trend of energy prices; the changing role of the traditional international oil companies and the rise of national oil companies; and the growing energy importance of the Middle East and Russia. It looks at how these changes have already affected or are likely to affect three strategic relationships: US-Middle East; US-China; and Europe-Russia-US. It concludes that more attention needs to be given by scholars to what will be major changes in global geopolitical relationships with considerable consequences for the foreign policies of the major powers.     

An element of thought: phosphorus and mental philosophy in the nineteenth century

Georges Cabanis (1757-1808), through his writings on the relation of the physical and moral, or psychological, aspects of man, left a legacy that made the study of mental activity a part of physiology. His views on the importance of phosphorus to the function of the brain thrust that element into a prominent stream of research that involved many investigators in several countries. Although that particular stream eventually dried up, its influence remained: by the beginning of the twentieth century basic medical science had become well set on studies of the mind-body relationship.     

Practical Knowledge in the Viking Age: the use of mental templates in clinker shipbuilding

It has long been recognized that ships built according to the Nordic clinker tradition during the Viking Age were conceived and constructed simultaneously by eye, in a shell‐first manner, and using rules‐of‐thumb to control both the longitudinal and transversal shape of the hull. While a lot of attention has been paid to the conceptual definition of the keel and stems, far less research has explored how such rules would have worked while planking the hull. Two cargo‐ships, Skuldelev 3 and Skuldelev 1, are used to argue for pre‐design and the use of mental templates. This highlights a cognitive dimension of practical knowledge, in particular how it was accumulated, stored and transmitted.     

Art and the brain: the influence of art on Roger Shepard's studies of mental rotation

This paper explores the influence of visual sources on Roger N. Shepard's 1971 mental rotation experiments and the centrality of ambiguity as one of his experimental and artistic concerns. Sources include Shepard's statements about ambiguity as expressed in the book, Mind Sights, and a recent interview. Parallel investigations of ambiguity by the contemporary artists Al Held and Robert Smithson are considered. Shepard utilized a wide range of visual sources while formulating his experimental design, namely Necker cube illusions, hypnopompic images, René Magritte, and M.C. Escher. In addition, he drew upon key art historical theses of the time, such as Ernst Gombrich's theories about schemas. For Shepard as for Gombrich, the world of appearances is a world of ambiguity.     

Childhood,mental capacity and conversion to Islam in the Ottoman state

Abstract

In this paper I explore the conversions of minors as they were presented in the registrations of the ?eriat court (sicil). Two types of records shed light on the conversion process: the summaries of lawsuits and the sporadic registrations of converts' names. As the mental capacity of a child was regarded as of crucial importance when considering the child's conversion, the kadi classified the children into three different age-groups. Special attention was given to children of seven to ten years: their conversion was approved after an examination of their mental capacity. We can assume that these cases concealed some forms of pressure as well. The conversion of adolescents should be regarded as part of a wider phenomenon — the conversion of rural migrants to Salonica.     

Student activism, mental health, and English-Canadian universities in the 1960s

Student mental health services were created at many American universities during the interwar years in association with the mental hygiene movement of that era. In Canada, psychologists and psychiatrists became focused on the well-being of schoolchildren during this period, but services for university students were minimal or non-existent at most institutions until well after the Second World War. Influenced by American trends and in tune with rising public concern over the problems students were experiencing on Canada's burgeoning campuses, student organizations, in co-operation with the Canadian Mental Health Association, began a concerted campaign for improved services in the early 1960s. Through conferences, seminars, and surveys, they revealed the extent of student distress, and by 1965 their efforts were attracting increasing media attention and having a direct impact on university student health policies. Their campaign then entered a new phase, transformed by the same radicalization that infused the wider student movement in the wake of the Berkeley free speech protests. Dissatisfied with the institutional response and distrustful of the motives behind the services now provided, activists questioned the very meaning of 'mental health' in the context of their deeper critique of the university and society. By the end of the decade, the student mental health movement had run its course, but it left a lasting legacy in the ongoing reform of university health services and in attitudes towards student mental health.     

浅谈龙的起源

本文以农史为立论根据,以哲学的思辩为铺垫,以商代已公认为龙的实物为坐标,以龙纹及相关问题的考古类型学推导为终结,初步揭示了龙的本质和来源,也初步界定了龙产生的相对年代和相对地域。