凤翔马家庄一号建筑群遗址发掘简报

凤翔县纸坊公社马家庄大队,地处秦故都雍城的中部偏南。一号建筑群遗址位于马家庄第九生产队村北约0.5公里的台地上,北距凤翔县城1.5公里,东距纸坊河2.6公里,南距雍城南墙1.4公里,西距姚家岗春秋秦凌阴遗址约1公里,距雍城西墙约1.3公里(图一)。马家庄遗址西部、北部、中部地势较高,较平坦;东部略低,呈缓坡状。由于大量取土,遗址的南部形成高4米多的断     

秦都雍城考古录

<正>春秋初年,"周避犬戎难,东徙雒邑,襄公以兵送周平王。平王封襄公为诸侯,赐之岐以西之地"。自秦襄公(前777~前766年)首次立都于西犬丘(西陲),之后的500余年间,秦国逐渐东迁,历经了秦邑、汧邑、汧渭之会、平阳、雍城、泾阳、栎阳和咸阳等多处都、城、邑,史称"九都八迁"。按照目前学术界对秦"九都"各自功能与层次结构的研究,自秦德公元年(前677年)初居雍大郑宫起,止秦孝公十二年(前350年)"自雍徙都咸阳",秦置都雍城达327年之久。位于今天陕西凤翔境内的雍城,其     

雍城时代三百年 秦国建置最久之都

春秋时期,秦国越过陇山向关中挺进,史称"九都八迁"。如果说当初在陇东地区拉开了秦国发展的序幕,那么经反复选择而定都雍城之后才有了逐鹿中原的强国梦想。雍城遗址位于陕西凤翔县,是全国重点文物保护单位。从1930年代开始至今,经过几代考古工作者不断努力与传承,逐渐揭开了雍城神秘的面纱。自秦德公元年(前677年)初居雍大郑宫起,止秦孝公十二年(前     

凤翔出土春秋时期文物

凤翔地处陕西关中平原西部,历史悠久,人文荟翠。秦国自德公元年(公元前667年)至献公二年(公元前383年),在此建都,史称“雍”。秦人在雍城的290余年间,创造了丰富的物质和精神文化,确立了雍城的政治、经济、文化、军事的中心地位,所以雍城在先秦史研究和先秦考古中有非常重要的作用。     

秦城址考古述略

一、秦城址的考古发现秦城址考古发掘是解放后开始的,发掘工作集中在陕西境内进行围绕着雍城、栎阳、咸阳、秦始皇陵展开了大规模地钻探和发掘工作,取得了很大的成绩。(1)秦都雍城的发掘雍城遗址位于今陕西凤翔县南,为春秋时秦国都城。自德公元年徙居雍城,至献公二年迁居栎阳为止,经历了十九个王公,历     

凤翔新发现的瓦当

凤翔为秦之雍城所在地。据古籍记载,古雍城地域广阔,街巷纵横,建筑规模宏大,离宫别观林立,考古发掘和出土文物也充分证明了这一点。1992年3月,在距雍城西南20公里的长青乡孙家南头秦汉遗址出土“来谷宫当”等瓦当之后,1994年底又于当地采集到几枚秦汉瓦当。现简介如下:     

秦都雍城了城郭形态及发关问题

秦都雍城了城郭形态及发关问题李自智秦都雍城作为秦国早期的都城,自德公元年（公元前６７７年）至献公二年（公元前３８３年）,建都时间近３００年之久。秦国长时期地在此经营,雍城遂成为当时一座颇具规模的大部会,经过对雍城遗址多年的勘察和发掘,获取了大量的考古...     

秦陵及其陵寝制度浅论

秦自襄公“始国”(公元前770年),至二世亡秦(前207年),传三十二代,历563年,在此期间秦人至少营筑了西垂,雍城、毕陌、芷阳与骊山五大茔域.虽然我们还不能确指春秋早期宪公、出子的葬地“衙”及武公的葬地“宣阳聚”,甚至也不清楚献公、孝公所葬之“嚣圉”、“弟圉”在今何     

秦都雍城遗址新出土的秦汉瓦当

凤翔县长青乡孙家南头村,位于秦都雍城城址区西南远郊,距雍城约20公里。该村位于古代千水东岸,崖背分布着一处约两万平方米的秦汉宫殿建筑遗址,现为凤翔县重点文物保护单位。据有关专家考证,此遗址当为战国时期秦国的一处远郊离宫别馆所在地,秦惠公所建的蕲年宫当在此处。这里发现的“蕲年宫当”可以佐证。多年来,随着当地农民生产、生活用土取土,遗址内时有秦汉瓦当和其它文物被发现。1992年     

陕西凤翔八旗屯西沟道秦墓发掘简报

凤翔县八旗屯村位于雍水南岸,北距今凤翔县城约5公里,东与东社、高庄等村毗连。这一带水深土厚,是秦都雍城南郊墓地内小型秦墓最为密集的地区之一。自1976年以来,我们在这里连续进行了较大规模的发掘工作,并发表了有关资料(图一)。1983年,我们又一次在这一地区的八旗屯村东南之西沟道(即1976年发掘的 C 区)进行了发掘。参加发掘的有尚志儒、范培松,赵丛     

A pottery workshop with flint tools on blades knapped with copper at Nausharo (Indus civilisation, ca. 2500 BC)

Twenty years after its discovery, the pottery workshop of Nausharo (province of Baluchistan, Pakistan), which yielded a series of knapped stone tools in association with unbaked sherds and clay waste, is still of unique importance in Asian protohistorical studies. The types of pottery production (sandy marl fabrics) identified in this workshop, which is dated to ca. 2500 BC, correspond to the majority of the domestic pottery discovered at the site during the first two phases of the Indus Civilisation. The flint blades discovered in the workshop were made from exotic flint, coming from zones close to the great Indus sites such as Mohenjo-Daro and Chanhu-Daro. This is also the origin of a small amount of the pottery (micaceous fabrics) found at Nausharo in domestic contexts, e.g. Black-Slipped-Jars. The butts of the blades display features characteristic of pressure detachment with a copper pressure point. Gloss and microwear traces (polish) testify to the blades' having been used for finishing the clay vessels: for actual finishing (trimming) while they were being turned on a wheel, and possibly also for scraping by hand. Both of these operations are distinctly attested to by the presence in the workshop of two different types of clay shavings.     

山东香山汉墓出土陶质彩绘文物材质及制作工艺的初步研究

山东青州香山汉墓陪葬坑出土了数量巨大,种类齐全陶质彩绘文物,尤其是陶马和陶俑上的彩绘保存完好,色彩鲜艳,绘画工艺精湛,非常罕见。为了研究汉代彩绘及其制陶工艺等信息,本研究使用拉曼光谱(RS)、带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、体式显微镜(OM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热膨胀仪等分析方法,对出土的陶质彩绘文物进行了分析研究。结果表明这批陶质彩绘文物制作工艺是就地取土,与水混合塑型,在900~1000℃烧制陶胎。其彩绘所使用的颜料均为矿物颜料,其中白色为方解石(CaCO3)、红色为赭石(Fe2O3)和朱砂(HgS)、黑色为炭黑(C)、紫色为人造汉紫(BaCuSi2O6),采用胶料调和颜料调涂刷绘制而成。这批文物的制作工艺属于典型的秦汉时期彩绘陶器的制作方法。研究成果可为相关文物的保护提供科学数据。     

河曲坪头遗址龙山时期陶器及其制陶原料的化学成分分析

为了对山西省忻州市河曲坪头遗址出土的龙山时期的陶器以及制陶原料中的粘土原料的种类和来源进行相关探讨,利用ICP-OES对出土的陶器、坯料,以及遗址附近采集的土样进行了化学成分测试,并使用SPSS软件对分析结果进行了降维处理和主成分分析。结果显示:坪头遗址不同质地的陶器陶土原料相同,只是在钙含量方面存在细微差异。制作陶器所用的粘土原料很可能取自附近的红色古土壤层。该遗址是古人在当地制作陶器的一个场所。     

Firing Techniques of the Impasti from the Protohistoric Site of Concordia Sagittaria (Venice)

⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy provided relevant information on the firing techniques employed in manufacturing concotto and coarse pottery, two types of fired clay mixtures (impasti) of the protohistoric settlement site of Concordia Sagittaria. The firing techniques of Concordia were reconstructed by comparing the Mössbauer patterns of the artefacts with those of the local raw clays fired in the laboratory. The concotto was produced in kilns by firing clay mixtures under oxidizing conditions at 700–1000°C, or at lower temperatures in the open air. The firing of these clay mixtures containing mainly ground pieces of waste pottery, resulted in hard and variously coloured construction materials, particularly suitable for humid environments. In turn, the coarse pottery was produced by firing clay mixtures more homogeneous than those used for the artefacts of concotto. The firing of coarse pottery was performed under reducing conditions at about 900°C with a final exposure to air by opening the hot kiln. Light and agreeable coarse pottery, with a red surface on the grey-black core, was obtained when the effective temperature of air was higher than 500°C.     

The Significance of the Secular Sculptures in the Lane Chapel,Cullompton

FOUR kilns of roughly contemporary date included both double and multi-flued types. They were without internal structure and had been surrounded by low stone walls with clay flue arches. Pierced daub fragments indicated a superstructure of clay packed round a framework of stakes. Round the two largest kilns were a number of waster-filled pits with bases reddened but not fired. Roof-tiles and pottery were manufactured. The dominant decorative motif of the pottery was complex wedge rouletting similar to that found at Aardenburg (Holland), but examples of most of the ornament common in NE. England were present, as were knight jugs and zoomorphic forms.     

X-RAY DIFFRACTION OF EARLY IRON AGE POTTERY FROM WESTERN NORWAY

X-ray diffraction has been used to analyse the surfaces and cores of sherds from pottery from Voss and Etne. two late Roman-early Migration Period sites in western Norway. Results show: (1) the presence of illite and illite/smectite in black-burnished ware from inhumation graves which suggests that this ware was never subjected to temperatures as high as 375°C, (2) the absence of these heat-sensitive clay minerals in red ware from cremation graves at these sites which suggests a secondary firing at 700–800°C, (3) the clay minerals are similar in the cores and surfaces of the black pottery which suggests that the colour differences are due to firing procedures rather than the application of a slip, and (4) chlorite is present in all of the samples which is an indication that the ware originated in a Voss workshop where chlorite is present in other pottery found there and in the local geologic deposits.     

Gabbroic clay sources in Cornwall: a petrographic study of prehistoric pottery and clay samples

Summary.  This analysis of prehistoric pottery and clay samples from Cornwall demonstrates that the clay used to make Cornish gabbroic pottery in prehistory originated around the gabbro rock outcrop in a small area of the Lizard peninsula. The research uses petrographic and chemical analysis to subdivide the prehistoric pottery into six groups. Owing to the unusual geology of the Lizard these groups can be attributed to specific locations. The most abundant pottery fabric, Typical Gabbroic , was made using coarse clay which is mainly found in a 1 km² area near Zoar. A finer version of this clay, found higher in the soil profile or slightly transported and redeposited, was used to make Fine Gabbroic pottery and an even finer variant called FNS (Fine Non-Sandy) Gabbroic . We identify for the first time here a Loessic/Gabbroic pottery fabric which can be matched exactly to clay found at Lowland Point. Serpentinitic/Gabbroic pottery was made using clay from the gabbro/serpentinite border zone. Pottery made from the Granitic/Gabbroic fabric did not match any clay from the Lizard, showing that gabbroic clay was sometimes removed and made into pottery elsewhere in Cornwall. The main clay source near Zoar was used for clay extraction throughout the Bronze Age and Iron Age for pottery which was traded all over Cornwall. Other gabbroic clay sources produced pottery only during certain periods and exclusively supplied particular settlements, such as the Loessic/Gabbroic fabric which was found only at Gear and Caer Vallack. The results suggest that pottery was produced by several small-scale cottage industries, which may have operated on a seasonal, part-time basis and probably formed only part of a wide range of activities located around the Lizard area.     

Notice of the Annual Meeting,at Norwich

Excavations took place in 1969, in advance of housing development, on the site of a fourth-century Roman pottery workshop, two adjacent kilns, a well, a large pit and two burials. The workshop contained internal features linked with pottery production, including possible emplacements for potters' wheels. Two kilns, each constructed differently, were producing grey and colour-coated wares. A large pit was used for rubbish. A well, square in plan, was associated with the workshop and must have provided water for the potters. Of particular interest was a complete millstone, which appears to have been used as a flywheel fixed to a potter's wheel. Pottery production at the site may have continued into the early part of the fifth century and as such is one of the last known production centres of the Roman Nene valley pottery industry. The site is significant in that it probably represents a near complete and typical industrial pottery production unit within a major pottery production area of the province and represents an important aspect of the late Roman economy.     

Exploring Diversity in Household Pottery Traditions in Crusader Greece: a Case Study from the City of Thebes,Boeotia

This paper provides new data on an under‐documented topic in Aegean archaeology, that of the impact of Latin–Greek cohabitation on craftsmanship, socio‐economic organization and household pottery traditions. The chosen approach is a petrographic study of the provenance and technology of 37 cooking pots, jugs, basins and storage jars from the city of Thebes, Boeotia. The ceramics span from the late 12th to the mid‐14th century and thereby cover the periods of Byzantine, Frankish and Catalan control over the city. The analysis indicates that most pottery products were not locally made during these periods. Pottery consumption at Thebes involved, in the 12th/13th century, regional products from northern Boeotia, while pottery supplies from Euboea that had developed under Byzantine rule continued into the 14th century, well after Boeotia and Euboea came into the hands of, respectively, Frankish and Venetian lords in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade (1204). The petrographic analysis also allows for the characterization of Byzantine and Latin tempering practices of the pottery fabrics. These results highlight phenomena of regional economic reliance in central Greece and provide rare evidence for the cross‐cultural diffusion of technological knowledge in the late medieval Mediterranean.     

徐州市狮子山汉兵马俑坑防水加固保护

徐州狮子山汉兵马俑遗址自1984年12月发掘以来,俑坑一直未进行很好的防水加固保护,致使汉兵马俑长期处于饱水状态,甚至浸泡在水中。汉兵马俑受潮后,出现了陶俑涨开、泛碱,彩绘脱落,陶质酥解、粉化等病害。2007年,南京博物院联合宜兴太湖防渗修缮加固工程有限公司对狮子山汉兵马俑俑坑进行了防水加固保护,通过各项技术措施的实施,俑坑达到了不改变原状和防渗的技术要求,使汉兵马俑免遭水的侵害。