清末章太炎、梁启超学派之分合——以“新史学”为线索

在晚清学派意识强化和学术史构建的过程中,章太炎和梁启超都发挥了重要的作用。本文欲从1902年左右章、梁共商新史学的一段因缘切入,回溯清末十数年间,二入学派归属的分合。章、梁二人以革新旧史学为入口,确立近代学科观念和学术史意识的努力,固然以日本为中介,受到西学（主要是社会学和文明史学）的启发,也与西学观照下对传统学派资源的重新整合相关。太炎、任公在清末的学术交际,围绕着“新学”与“实学”、“孟学”与“苟学”、古文经学与今文经学、经世致用之学与实事求是之学等诸多学派纷争,在往复交流的过程中,既互有出入,又交相影响,确立了现代中国文史之学的若干基本命题。     

康有为与梁启超的未来想象及其历史哲学

康有为和梁启超在20世纪初年各自完成了其成熟的未来主义想象。两人的思想有不同的历史哲学在背后支撑。这体现在康有为完成于1901至1902年间的《大同书》和梁启超发表于1902年的《新中国未来记》两书中。康有为《大同书》的背后是一种千禧年论式的历史哲学,而梁启超的国家主义想象选择的进路则是可臻完善论。千禧年论和可臻完善论,这两种理念代表了近现代中国转型的两种主要的思想模型,也影响到了现代知识分子以及他们追求中国现代化的策略。探讨这两种思想与历史哲学模型,有益于更好地思考中国近现代转型的复杂状态。     

章太炎“七被追捕”考略

章太炎在1906年7月说过：“算来自戊戌年以后,已有七次查拿。六次都拿不到,到第七次方才拿到。”但究竟哪七次追捕呢？带着这个问题,笔者翻阅史籍,寻根追源,梳理出章太炎先后七次被清廷追杀那惊心动魄的史实。一捕章太炎甲午战争以后,1896年春章太炎因十分钦佩康有为、梁启超为首的资产阶级维新派发起的“公车上书”、组织强学会,疾呼变法维新,故而赠币16元报名加入强学会。1897年1月,又应梁启超、江康年之邀,赴上海任《时务报》撰述,发表了《论亚洲宜自为唇齿》、《论学会有大益于黄人亟直保护》等文,猛烈抨击清皇朝的腐败内政…     

《新民丛报》与梁启超的“新”思想

梁启超是中国近代史上一位卓越的文化名人,他一生涉猎甚广,尤为突出的是他在报刊业和学术、思想文化方面。 《新民丛报》是梁启超主持的报刊中历时最久、影响最大的刊物。1902年2月8日,继《清议报》后,梁启超在日本横滨创办《新民丛报》,编辑和发行人署名冯紫珊,实由梁启超负责。刊物上的重要文章也大都出于梁启超之手。《新民丛报》为辛亥革命前维新派的重要刊物。     

梁启超新史学从政治向学术的过渡

梁启超是中国“新史学”的创始人。1902年,他发起“史界革命”,推动了传统史学向现代史学的转化。梁启超在历史学的各个方面:史学理论、史学方法论、中外历史编纂、史学史、人物传记等各方面都有开创性的贡献。他的史学革命思想及其研究成果奠定了中国百年史学基业。梁启超被史学界公认为“理论和实践并重的史界巨灵”、“现代史林泰斗”。①一、挑起“史界革命”大旗1902年,梁启超写下了《新史学》一文,公开挑起“史界革命”的大旗,从此而开辟了中国现代史学的新天地。梁启超《新史学》的意义首先在于它是宣言书,宣告了具有三千年历史的传…     

政治批判与学术建设——梁启超和鲁宾逊《新史学》的比较研究

1902年,中国著名政治家、思想家梁启超发表了划时代的思想巨著《新史学》。他高举起“史界革命”的大旗,批判旧史学,提倡新史学,宣告了中国近代史学的诞生。历史往往有惊人的巧合。10年之后,另一部同名的史学名著在大洋彼岸的美国问世,作者是美国著名历史学家詹姆斯·鲁宾逊。在这部《新史学》中,也提出要以新史学来取代旧史学,从此在美国形成了一个“新史学”学派。又一个10年过去,美国的这部《新史学》经留美归来的中     

社会史论战与中国新史学的成长

正以1902年梁启超《新史学》的问世为标志,中国迎来了"史界革命",传统史学(也称作"旧史学")开始向新史学转型。新史学诞生伊始无疑是稚嫩的,清末民初的历史学无论是问题意识、研究方法,还是书写模式、论著内容都带有深刻的旧学印记,许多新领域的研究和新方法的运用尚未展开。以梁启超为例,他虽然对旧史学"四蔽二病三难"的批判极为犀利、到位,但毕其一生也未能完成撰写一部中国通史的心愿,A这不仅是他个人的遗憾,也是当时中国史学状况的典型反映。如何突破旧     

钱穆缘何成了国学宗师？

自中央决策高层提出“弘扬中华文化，建设中华民族共有精神家圃”后，“国学”一词颇为流行。有些人把“国学宗师”的称号不负责任地奉送给某些学者。但是，即使像季羡林这样的学术通人也不敢接受“国学宗师”这顶桂冠。其实，20世纪中国能够称之为“国学宗师”的也就是屈指可数的那么几个人：王国维、梁启超、章太炎、鲁迅、胡适、郭沫若、陈寅恪、顾颉刚、钱穆等，谈何容易!     

诸子·王官·学统:诸子起源再认识

<正>研究学术史,离不开梳理相关研究的学术传统。据专家解释,传统"乃是一种‘有效应的历史’,它不是固定的‘过去’,而是每一代人根据‘现在’的内在需要而创造出来的指向‘未来’的进程"(江湄:《创造"传统":梁启超、章太炎、胡适与中国学术思想史典范的确立》,社会科学文献出版社2013年版,     

贝琪及其《吴学甄微》考述

上海图书馆所藏贝琪稿本《吴学甄微》承袭章太炎、梁启超、刘师培诸家论说,以人为纲,以学为纬,注重学者的授受源流、学术特质以及与吴派的相关度,考察吴派经学的源流变迁与盛衰之迹,是吴学系谱的专论之作。书末有章太炎、金天羽、陈衍诸家跋语,具有重要的史学价值。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.