A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TIBETAN AND HAN OPERAS

Tibetan opera is an ethnic and unique theatrical genre in the system of Chinese operas. All the ethnic operas in China are directly or indirectly akin to Han operas, so is Tibetan opera. As a member of the big family, Tibetan opera necessarily absorbs some artistic nutrition from other Chinese operas. As a result, it acquires the common style and some common formal characteristics of Chinese national operas as a whole. The generality just lies on the level of cultural genre and overall flavor, however. As for the entity of the theatrical art itself, Tibetan opera is basically and independently derived from Tibetan culture and art except for some indirect influences from Han operas. During Emperor Qiaulong＇s reign, some leaders of the Qing troops stationed in Tibet used to organize soldiers from Shaanxi and Gansu to perform Shaanxi opera in the army In the period of the Republic of China, the office of Commission on Mongolian and Tibetan affairs in Lhasa promoted opera performance to celebrate victory in the Anti-Japanese War, New Year＇s celebrations,     

汤国造纸

Tang Guo has dedicated to the paper art for more than ten years, which can be called a kind of behavior art. Meaning out of the paper, he not only takes it as a job, but also pursues the ancient style. His works can be classified to several aspects and each one is bold and unconstrained     

Shining Regung Art

Regung art is a particularwonder of Tibetan Bud-dhism art, blending blendsreligious and folk art in away that is treasured byTibetan Buddhists as well as becomingwell known in the world.Art Flower in Golden ValleyRegung is the Tibetan name of areasin Tongren County and Zeku County inQinghai Province with the meaning of"golden valley".The Regung area as the birthplace of"Regung art" has an abundance of tangka,duishiu, sculptures and religious architec-tural structures. Several villages, …     

民间石雕艺术

Chinese folk stone sculpture has long history in people's material and spiritual life, most of which are made by unknown craftsmen.They are of great value on art and historic culture to display splendid technique, tricky design and admirable creativity of ancient Chinese craftsmen. As to the use of stone sculpture, it can be used as the part and decoration of the architecture, formed to serve the religion or practical utensil for daily use or appreciation, which is might be called a grand book.     

King Gesar:The World''''s Longest Epic

King Gesar, a great epic created by the Tibetan race in ancient time, has been orally transmitted down the generations and widely known throughout Tibetan-inhabited areas. It tells of the exploits of the magical hero-king Gesar, and his prowess in battle as he strives to defend his people. The epic embodies the highest level of the ancient Tibetan culture, hence commanding high academic and aesthetic value. Internationally, it is known as "Homer epic in the east."King Gesar was born into th…     

Tibetan Opera Troupes and Schools of the Xigaze Area

Tongdong Gyibo, born in Ngaring County of the Xigaze Area, did much to develop Tibetan opera art, and the 5thDalai Lama then initiated the Tibetan opera festival to promote exchanges of ideas and the opera's further development.The blue mask performance school was the most influential among the Tibetan opera performance troupes. Of the four performance schools, three were founded in the Xigaze area: Joinpa school in Ngaring, Chianggarpa school in Rinbu and Shangpa school in Nam-     

A Brief Analysis of the Differences and Defects of Subtitling Compared to Dubbing——Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

Compared to the dubbing, the version of subtitling has many defects, including the faults purely in language translation and the inaccuracy in the cultural images. As a media of cultural communication, the translator of the subtitling has to pay enough attention to the art of language, and has to take strategies centering on the audience, promoting the cultural communication and reducing the cultural differences.     

传统藏陶传承千年再焕新生

Traditional Tibetan pottery has a long history and comes in varying categories and shapes,making it one of ethnic Tibetans’ most refined forms of cultural art.Today,however,very few craftsmen have been able to fully pass on the pottery-making process,and pottery makers have disappeared from the map entirely in some places.     

Comparative Study on Tibetan-style gLing-kas and Hart-style Gardens

In our contemporary world, ecology-oriented research is especially prevalent among scholars. Horticultural research attracts more and more attention. This shows that people become concerned about their life style and begin to focus on the relation between man and nature. China has achieved impressive results in describing its own art of gardening zand made a considerable contribution to world gardening and life style choices. However, up until now, we have found that summaries concerning the characteristics of Chinese-style gardening are incomplete in that Tibetanstyle gLing-kas, with unique style and primitive content, have been ignored. Previous accounts related to the characteristics of the art of Chinese-style gardens are merely concerned about the characteristics of＂Han-style gardens.＂ The harmonious life-style between man and nature established by Tibetans through gLing-kas has not yet been widely recognized. Two centuries ago, world research into China and China＇s Tibet had a limited focus. We cannot deny that their research was extremely extensive.     

Tangka Painting Art of the Tibetan Race （Ⅱ）

Tibetan painting art finds expression in two: murals and tangka paintings. The two vary in painting styles and materials used. Tangka paintings show the unique feature of Tibetan fine arts.However, in the face of refined tangka, how one should enjoy it? Do you know how to paint it? How to mount it? Anything special in this regard?Mounting MethodIn Tibet, when a tangka has been created, it would be mounted. The brocade for mounting, called Gyishamo in Tibetan, always has the same dimension: Gyishamo below the tangka amounts to half that of     

NEW BOOKS

Tibetan Race and Eastern Tibet CivilizationAuthored by Shi Shu, the book probes into the source of Tibetan race and its relations with the ancient civilization in the Henduan mountainous area in eastern Tibet.The book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is devoted to ancient civilization of eastern Tibet; the second chapter to the source of the Tibetan race plus related stories; the third chapter to the source and ties between Mo tribe and tribes in the Henduan mountainous area; the fifth chapter to Yi people in the Henduan mountainous area in ancient time; and the sixth chapter to concluding remarks.The 32-mo book, running to 235,000 words, has been published by the Sichuan People's Publishing House and is priced at 32 Yuan per copy.     

凉山彝族的漆作工艺

Lacquer ware is the invention of China and still be used and produced in civilian life. That made from area of Mountain Liang is most characterized with ancientness and simplicity. The author has thrice been there to investigate the social history and art of lacquer. This passage introduces the procedure of making lacquer wares in detail, which is believed to be of great value to the research of the social culture.     

Tenzin Yeshi and His Path of Tibetan Opera

正Tenzin Yeshi is a graduate student in Minzu University of China.Beside from being a student,he has an unique identity,a young Tibetan opera artist.During last year's Shoton Festival in Lhasa,he performed on the stage as a member of Shoba Lhamo,a Tibetan opera group for the first time.This association dates back to sixty years ago,and he finally realized his Tibetan opera dream after twenty years.     

Millennium Celebrations of King Gesar

King Gesar has been circulating among Tibetans for some 1,000 years or more.The longest epic in the world, passed down through the ages in the oral form, has even drawn the concern of the international community. UNESCO has approved activities in honor of the millennium of the epic. Public opinion hails this as a major event important for the protection of traditional Tibetan culture and the promotion of various ethnic groups in the world.The epic is a concentration of ancient tales, legends, sayings, and various kinds of folk arts. Thus far, 150 volumes have been located; they contain some 1.5 milion lines.     

Li, Feng and David Prager Branner,eds., Writing and Literacy in Early China: Studies from the Columbia Early China Seminar

This welcome new collaborative volume tells a story that has not been investigated adequately:the rise and spread of literacy in ancient China.While there is a large bibliography of studies of the writing system itself,few scholars have addressed the question of literacy,that is,how writing was used in society,how people were taught to read and write,and how the practice advanced both geographically from the center to the periphery,and socially from the elite to what one of the contributors calls "the lower orders." Feng Li and David Prager Brarmer are to be applauded for bringing together eleven engrossing articles representing the finest scholarship in English and immensely clarifying these crucial phenomena.Constraints of space preclude consideration of each chapter in this long and carefully annotated book;1 in what follows,I shall attempt to sketch what the book accomplishes and the evidence on which it relies.     

“所愁晓漏促，不恨灯销柱”——记青铜人骑兽形灯座

The ancient Chinese lamp is an example of the perfect unity of visual art and applied fine art. Ingeniously conceived and elaborately made, this lamp is shaped as a man riding a beast, which is the excellent one of the lamps found so far. Well-documented, this author begins from the function of the lamp stand and the main characteristic of the shape to conduct a systematic study.     

Butter Sculptures：Art to Melt the Heart

Butter sculptures originated in the Tar Monastery in Qinghai Province. They form a kind of carving art, but the material used is butter mixed with mineral colors. The Tibetans think those who pay sacrifices to Buddha and Buddhist guardians will enjoy peace and happiness.     

“Tribes” Known for Lhamo Performance

The Shoton （Sour Milk Drinking） Festival is one of the indispensable festivals for the Tibetans. When I reached Lhasa, however, it was already “something that had happened in the past.” My friends told me, the festival featured Tibetan opera performance in the Norbu Lingka, and monks and lay people were immersed in a world of art and happy celebrations. They also told me Tibetan opera was called Lhamo in Tibetan, meaning fairy maid.     

NEW BOOKS

TIBETAN OPERA AND SORCERER CULTUREAuthored by Liu Kai, the book is a collection of treatises on Tibetan opera and the sorcerer culture in,Amdo, Yushu, Regong and Gannan, which the authorpublished over the past 20 years. The 32-mo book, running to 710,000 words and priced at 13 Yuan per copy,has been published by the China Opera PublishingHouse.SERIES BOOK ON TIBETThe series Of books are published to satisfy theneed Of readers for knowledge about Tibet, especiallyTibeta…