A graph-based analysis for generating geographical context from a historical cadastre in Spain (17th and 18th centuries)

Abstract

The cabreves are notarial documents prepared between the 13th and 19th centuries in the Catalan and Valencian regions of Spain. These historical records were published before the first cadastral maps and contain geographical information that could help spatially reconstruct historical landscapes. However, these documents have not been used to their full potential mainly because of their semi-structured and complex nature. In this article, we propose a new graph-based interactive methodology for partially reconstructing historical landscapes. We have successfully applied this methodology for reconstructing the historical landscape of the Barony of Sella in the 18th century and the methodology has also helped us locate “El Poblet,” a previously unknown archeological site abandoned after the expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609.     

Stories of suburbia (Bournville,UK): from planning to people tales

In this paper we show that the avoidance or reduction of difference found in the popular history of Bournville was the result of storytellers situated in specific institutional contexts. During the initial development of Bournville a particular (sub)urban future was imagined and mediated by these storytellers, through processes of simplification and choice, which served to reduce the past to an imposed and arbitrary simplicity or organised saga. In this saga the voices of residents are silenced. Our approach is, first, to explore ways of conceptualising the construction of urban history and, second, to construct two different and deliberately conflicting representations of Bournville. The first account provides a critique of the common representation or town planning account of Bournville. In contrast, the second account works through the voices of residents providing an opportunity for them to construct a lived account of Bournville with specific reference to temperance and the consumption of alcohol. Our first story is about the construction of a particular urban space whilst the second is about the ways in which the space was partially ‘colonised’ by residents. By constructing conflicting accounts of the same place we aim to open the dominant discourses associated with Bournville to complexity and heterogeneity.     

十六七世纪天主教在日本“慈善传教”评析

16、17世纪之交,在日本的耶稣会士以“谋略智取型”开展送医送药、救助奴隶、兴办教育等“慈善活动”,在社会底层民众中赢得了大量信众,开辟了一个“天主教时代”。这与天主教在拉美对异教徒采用以“刀剑传教”的赤裸裸的征服完全不同,成为天主教传教史上极具典型意义的特例。究其原因,是由于在日耶稣会缺乏武力后援且为适应文化差异而被迫采用的传教策略。“慈善传教”与“刀剑传教”在形式上大相径庭,然两者的目的却是“殊途同归”。     

Cleaners’ Organizing in Britain from the 1970s: A Personal Account

In the early 1970s the Women's Liberation Movement in Britain set out to unionize night cleaners. A long and intensive campaign resulted in two strikes and a greater awareness in the trade union movement about this neglected group of workers. But though the publicity generated by newspaper articles, meetings, and the making of two documentary films on cleaners focused attention on their conditions, organization proved very difficult. This was compounded by the economic and political climate from the late 1970s and the impact of privatization, which contributed to the growth in inequality in British society. This article outlines a disregarded history of attempts to organize cleaners, a history which is gaining a new‐found relevance in the wake of the “Justice for Janitors” campaign in the US and the awareness that low‐paid service work plays a key part in the global economy.     

19世纪与20世纪之交的日本亚洲主义

19世纪与 2 0世纪之交 ,日本出现过“亚洲主义” (亦称“大亚细亚主义”)思潮 ,这一思潮早期表现为抵御列强的“亚洲同盟论”与“中日连携”思想 ;以后演绎出文化亚洲观 ;最后则异变为与“大陆政策”相连的侵略主义理论。     

19世纪后期至20世纪初期美国城市政治改革

19世纪后期美国城市的迅猛发展和城市政治体制的缺陷造成城市社会形势的严重恶化和腐败行为的泛滥,从而引发了城市政治改革运动的兴起。改革家虽然都出身于中上层阶级,但改革的方向有多种,改革的支持也复杂多样。总体来说,城市政治改革的进行实现了城市政治体制的重大发展,增强了城市政府治理城市的能力,政治腐败也得到一定程度的遏制。     

15至19世纪图们江流域的生态移民与区域贸易

15世纪初,朝鲜王朝动用国家力量将边界拓展至图们江南岸,他们在招抚周边女真部落的同时大规模向该地区移民。然而,在此过程中由于耗费过重,朝鲜的国力不敷应对,并逐渐失去了对边疆地区的控制。在恶劣的自然环境影响下,朝鲜边民不得不跨越国界,成为生态移民,并在经济上依附于崛起后的建州女真。清朝建立后,由于女真部落迁离图们江北岸,失去了贸易伙伴的朝鲜边民在跨界活动中的角色也开始发生变化。     

从公元七至十六世纪扶壁栱形制演变看中日建筑渊源

自19世纪末关野贞、伊东忠太等日本学者开始研究东亚美术史以来,在中日两国学者的努力探索下,日本古代建筑直接或间接受中国古代建筑影响而发展演变的观点,已成为中、日两国学术界的共识,通过对比研究中、日古代建筑扶壁棋形制的流变,可以揭示不同时期中、日古代建筑的具体渊源关系,以微观窥全局之一斑,补证既往。     

17世纪上半叶喀尔喀与明朝的短暂贸易

1634年,察哈尔部林丹汗败亡后,清朝控制了漠南蒙古地区,但是,漠北喀尔喀不顾清朝阻挠,一度恢复了与明朝的贸易关系。明朝收购喀尔喀马匹,补充战马,并试图利用喀尔喀部扼止清军西进。清朝则通过军事威胁和利诱,迫使漠北喀尔喀停止与明朝贸易,转而与清朝通使贸易。清朝以土默特、喀喇沁两部的名义控制明蒙贸易市口,不仅解决了自身经济需求,而且在贸易方面控制了喀尔喀。明朝则默许了清朝的间接贸易,以避免清军侵扰其北部边境。     

Beyond the beyond(s): On the (many) third way(s) beyond primordialism and instrumentalism in the study of sectarianism

This meta‐study examines the nature of past and current theoretically informed debates on sectarian politics in the Middle East and identifies the biggest challenges and possible directions for the future study of sectarianism. Contrary to the conventional narrative about a “sectarian journey” torn between a flawed primordialist and instrumentalist approach in between which a new superior “third way” is needed, the article shows that both primordialism and instrumentalism are rare in the academic debate on sectarianism, quite similar to the broader ethnicity/nationalism debate. However, this has not resulted in a “new conventional wisdom” about how to proceed. Thus, the article identifies a cacophony of suggestions for how the much aspired‐to third way should look like. Against this background, the article suggests that it is time to go beyond the ritual calls to “get beyond primordialism and instrumentalism.” Instead, it is time to devote more attention to examining the multiple already existing suggestions for “third ways”. Rather than highlighting a single third way as superior, the article contributes to this move in two ways: it shows how the various third ways can be grouped into three “beyond strategies” (the New Saviour, the Baby and the Bathwater, and the LEGO eclectic strategies) and outlines a number of meta‐theoretical issues to consider in order to move the debate forward.     

From Domus to Polis: Hybrid Identities in Southey’s Letters from England (1807) and Blanco White’s Letters from Spain (1822)

ABSTRACT

Robert Southey’s fictive travelogue, Letters from England, by Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella (1807), inspired several imitators, most importantly José María Blanco White with his Letters from Spain (1822). These works rejuvenate a fictional device popularised by Montesquieu’s Persian Letters—the “familiar stranger”—at a crucial juncture when British involvement in the affairs of Europe provoked a reassessment of pre-Revolutionary cosmopolitanism. The stranger as home-interpreter calls attention to an emerging emphasis in European Romantic thought on the contingency of freedom with hybrid, mobile identities, prefiguring the psycho-social-historical terrain in which Jean-François Lyotard and Dean MacCannell link modernity with travel and tourism. This essay argues that the Romantic figure of the foreign traveller expresses a condition of travel, reflecting Lyotard’s critique of human contingency in his essay “Domus and the Megalopolis.” Southey’s sympathetic stranger modulates a conversation with Wordsworth about the nature of modern subjectivity, historically contingent yet paradoxically liberated from historical particulars. Blanco White’s Letters from Spain demonstrates how displacement, emigration, and expatriation become refigured as conditions of the modern psyche, especially visible in moments of political crisis, when the cosmopolitan polis is immobilised by the myth of the domus.     

Archaeology of consumption in Ottoman urban centres: the case study of Iznik ware from the Belgrade Fortress in the 16th and 17th centuries

SUMMARY: This article advocates a holistic approach to consumption studies in the urban centres of the Middle Danube region during the Ottoman period (16th–17th centuries) using the example of Iznik ware from the Belgrade Fortress. Combined results of archaeological and scientific research provide insight into regional consumption patterns, which is important for the understanding of cultural variability across the Ottoman Empire. This work emphasizes the importance of contextualized studies of archaeological ceramics in the development of post-medieval archaeology.     

19世纪末和20世纪初美国“新式中产阶级”形成时期的文官群体

在19世纪末和20世纪初的美国新式中产阶级形成时期,作为其中的一个重要白领阶层,文官群体的优势日渐显露。其一,由于文官职业和收入的稳定,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具稳定性的职业群体;其二,由于文官掌握一定的权力,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具政治影响力的职业群体;其三,由于文官兼有政府雇员和利益集团的双重身份,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具社会地位的职业群体;其四,由于文官对权本位的追求,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具独特文化价值观的职业群体。不仅如此,文官群体所具有的这些优势,又使其在第二次世界大战后逐渐演变成为美国中产阶级的主体。