Sir Francis Drake: The Construction of a Hero

KING ARTHUR IN HISTORY AND LEGEND. By W. LEWIS JONES. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1911. 16mo, pp. vi + 145. Reviewed by Jessie L. Weston.

SIR PERCEVAL OF GALLES. A Study of the Sources of the Legend. By REGINALD HARVEY GRIFFITH. Chicago: University Press, 1911. 8vo, pp. viii + 131. Reviewed by Jessie L. Weston.

THE BLEEDING LANCE. By A.C.I. BROWN. Modern Language Association of America, 1911. 8vo, pp. 59. Reviewed by Jessie L. Weston.

THE TWO KNIGHTS OF THE SWAN, LOHENGRIN AND HELYAS. By ROBERT JAFFRAY. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1910. 8vo, pp. ix + 123. Ill. Reviewed by Jessie L. Weston.

ANCIENT HUNTERS AND THEIR MODERN REPRESENTATIVES. By W. J. SOLLAS. Macmillan &; Co., 1911. 8vo, pp. xvi + 416. Ill. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

ANTHROPOLOGY. By R. R. MARETT. (Home University Library). Williams &; Norgate, n.d. 16mo, pp. 256. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

PREHISTORIC MAN. By W. L. H. DUCKWORTH. (Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature). Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1912. 16mo, pp. 156. Reviewed by W. Crooke.

THE THUNDERWEAPON IN RELIGION AND FOLKLORE. A Study in Comparative Archaeology. By CHR. BLINKENBERG. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1911. Demy 8vo, pp. xii + 122. Ill. Reviewed by A. R. Wright.

THE WORLD OF DREAMS. By HAVELOCK ELLIS. Constable &; Co., 1911. 8vo, pp. xii + 288.

SURVIVALS IN BELIEF AMONG THE CELTS. By GEORGE HENDERSON. Glasgow: James MacLehose &; Sons. 8vo, pp. xi + 346. 1911. Reviewed by Eleanor Hull.

COSTUMES, TRADITIONS AND SONGS OF SAVOY. By ESTELLA CANZIANI. Chatto and Windus, 1911. 4to, pp. xiii + 180. Col. pl. and text ill. Reviewed by W. F. Kirby.

VOLKSLIEDER AUS DEM KANTON AARGAU. Gesammelt von SIGMUND GROLIMUND. (Schriften der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Volkskunde, No. 8). Basel: Augustinergasse 8, 1911. 8vo, pp. vi + 279. Reviewed by Lucy E. Broadwood.

THE BAGANDA. An Account of their Native Customs and Beliefs. By the Rev. JOHN ROSCOE. Macmillan &; Co., 1911. 8vo, pp. xix + 547. Ill. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

CASTES AND TRIBES OF SOUTHERN INDIA. By E. THURSTON, assisted by K. Rangachari. 7 vols. Madras: Government Press, 1909. 8vo. Ill. Reviewed by M. Longworth Dames.

GRUNDLINIEN EINER VERGLEICHUNG DER RELIGIONEN UND MYTHOLOGIEN DER AUSTRONESISCHEN VÖLKER. Von P. W. SCHMIDT. In Denkschriften d. K. Akademie d. Wissenschaften in Wien, 1910. 4to, pp. viii + 142. Reviewed by B. Malinowski.

DIE MYTHOLOGIE DER AUSTRONESISCHEN VÖLKER. Von P. W. SCHMIDT. (Reprint from Mittteil. d. Anthrop. Ges. in Wien, vol. xxxix.) Reviewed by B. Malinowski.     

The age of the Drake Passage

The distribution of benthic foraminifera in Miocene deposits of the continental margin of southeastern South America is compared with that in the Recent. The comparison indicates that Miocene zoogeographic boundaries were located in higher latitudes than at present, suggesting that the climate at that time was warmer than now. In the Pliocene, temperatures were lower than at present. This signifies that a considerable decrease in water temperature took place in the latest Miocene or at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary in the southwestern Atlantic. The main reason for this drop in temperature was the opening of the Drake Passage and the establishment of the Circumpolar Antarctic Current and a branch — the Malvin Current. The opening resulted from strong orogenic movements, in the latest Miocene, which created the main part of the Andes. Prior to the opening of the passage, the anticyclonic (counterclockwise) gyre of surface currents in the South Atlantic was much larger and warm Brazilian waters reached higher latitudes. The Austral Strait, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, may have existed from the Cretaceous in the southern part of South America, but its location and character did not permit the establishment of the true Circumpolar Antarctic Current. The Austral Strait was closed simultaneously with the opening of the Drake Passage.     

Drake and Cermeno in California: Sixteenth century Chinese ceramics

Historical Archaeology -