The Pre-Settlement Vegatation of the Western and Central Wimmera Plains of Victoria,Australia

Historical records indicate that the fertile soils of the western and central Wimmera Plains of Victoria, Australia formerly supported grassy woodlands on rises and flats, and grasslands on shallow depressions and clay plains. Soil type and micro-relief appear to have been the major factors that determined the distribution of these communities. Burning of the woodlands by Aborigines may have contributed to their open grassy nature. The few ungrazed remnants of Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) woodland support a suite of species that are absent from or uncommon in other Buloke woodland remnants in the region. This work demonstrates that in districts where little intact native vegetation remains, investigation of the distribution and floristic composition of the pre-settlement vegetation can provide useful information for the maintenance and restoration of remnant vegetation.     

The Geomorphology of Accumulative Alluvial and Lacustrine Plains

The author considers the geomorphology of accumulative alluvial-lacustrine plains to have been largely neglected by geomorphologists, with few generalized studies available in the literature compared with the geomorphology of denudation surfaces. He provides a genetic classification of alluvial plains and lists a number of problems in the geomorphic structure and sculpturing of plains worthy of further investigation and generalization.     

Projectile points,people, and Plains Paleoindian perambulations

Archaeologists generally agree that Paleoindian residential groups moved regularly over extremely large ranges. However, on the Great Plains, this argument depends substantially on datasets derived largely or entirely from projectile points rather than from systematic analysis of a wide range of artifacts. This paper argues that projectile points differ from most Paleoindian tools in ways that make such datasets unlikely to be reliable sources of information on range sizes. Furthermore, evidence from Paleoindian tool caches and the condition of discarded points suggest strongly that the raw material used to produce projectile points at least sometimes moved across the Plains independently of material used to make most other kinds of flaked stone tools. This, in turn, implies that not all stone used during Paleoindian times was procured by visits of whole residential groups to raw material sources, raising serious questions about the validity of widespread views of Paleoindian mobility.     

Women Appear in the Plains

Androcentrism marked archaeology on the American Plains, women excluded from major projects and archaeology focused on lithics supposedly made by men, with sherds used to establish chronologies and regions. In the 1970s, women scholars initiated feminist studies and became more numerous in the profession. On the Canadian Plains, two 1980 books shifted attention to the formation of Métis, which can be seen as contributing to feminist diversity theory. Postcolonialism, incorporating collaboration with First Nations, became important after 2000 and adds to diversity theory as well as pointing the real-world political-economic consequences of traditional archaeological pictures of Plains “prehistory.”     

《弗吉尼亚人》的史学价值

美国著名作家欧文.威斯特的成名作《弗吉尼亚人—平原骑手》与19世纪末20世纪初美国的社会和文化主题挂钩,表达了镀金时代的美国梦精神,反映了西部牧业开发中东西部矛盾与冲突的走向,展现了怀俄明牧牛业的社会、经济及政治发展状况,不仅是一部影响深远的牛仔小说,而且具有较高的史学价值。同时,受时代和作者阶级立场的局限,《弗吉尼亚人—平原骑手》偏袒大牧场主,带有取悦统治阶级的阶级倾向性,小说中塑造的牛仔形象对西部小说的程式化产生了重要影响。     

Bison butchery at Cooper,a Folsom site on the Southern Plains

Cooper, a Folsom arroyo-trap bison kill site in northwest Oklahoma is composed of three large-scale kill episodes. The bison bones have been examined for butchering evidence and exploring the butchering pattern. Damage categories to cortical bone are indentation, cut mark, helical fracture, and impact blow. The 99 elements damaged are from 36 carcasses across all three kills, and damage morphology indicates both lithic and bone expediency tools were used in the butchering. Animals are being butchered in an upright position on their stomachs, with transverse and abdominal muscles the focal point. Experimental butchering of a bison replicates the reconstructed sequence and underscores a gourmet butchering style for the Cooper kills.     

中原地区大汶口文化因素浅析

河南境内的大汶口文化因素是大汶口文化在河南境内传播的结果。约在公元前三千一二百年至公元前两千五六百年,由于大汶口文化的人口增长,势力膨胀及中原原始文化的相对衰弱,部分大汶口人沿颍水及其支流贾鲁河迁徒到豫中,继而又迁徒到豫西地区。这给中原原始文化的发展注入了新的活力,为中国古代文明在中原的形成创造了条件。     

逐鹿中原--两周中原列国文物瑰宝展掠影

“古之国者,必择天下之中而立国。”位居“天下之中”的中原,以其得天独厚的优越地理环境,使其自新石器时代晚期,就已成为中国古代文明和传统文化的核心。到两周时期,作为周王朝统治的中心,中原地区因其“分封亲戚,以藩屏周”政策的实施,呈现出诸侯林立的局面。随着王室衰微、诸侯争霸、大夫专权,各诸侯国逐渐由和平共处进入相互纷争的时代,中原     

史前青铜冶铸业与中原早期国家形成的关系

黄河中下游、长江中下游和西辽河流域的史前文明化进程有着各自不同的演进道路,中原地区也不例外。由于史前中原社会缺乏制作高档奢侈品的原料和技术,贵族阶层的成长因此受到很大程度的限制。青铜冶铸技术的出现正适应了这一需求,对中原社会文明化进程产生了重要影响,是中原社会真正进入早期国家的关键性的推动力量。实际上,中原地区新石器时代文化的发展已经为青铜冶铸技术的传入和本土化奠定了基础。二里头文化青铜冶铸技术的出现和发展既是东西方文化交流的结果,更是中原社会文明化进程的内在需求。     

Bundled Worlds: The Roles and Interactions of Complex Objects from the North American Plains

This paper explores the many dimensions of power exercised by ceremonial bundles that have been held by North American Plains groups since time immemorial. Because bundles are multifarious but strictly ordered sets of objects, they embody the corpus of ecological and cosmological knowledge needed to survive in the human and supernatural worlds. Bundles, like persons, are subject to hierarchical and heterarchical power relations that parallel societal relations within tribal groups. Observations are drawn about the value of studying complex objects such as bundles for expanding and refining archaeological systematics.     

中原魏晋北朝墓葬文化的阶段性

~~中原魏晋北朝墓葬文化的阶段性@李梅田$北京师范大学历史系!北京市100875~~~~~~