Academic Warriors and the Cold War Enemy

Book reviewed in this article:
Ron Robin, The Making of the Cold War Enemy: Culture and Politics in the Military-Intellectual Complex     

被“局外中立”遮蔽的历史:清政府日俄战争善后筹议

清政府的日俄战争善后,不仅涉及主权恢复与利益挽回,更与东北边圉安全以及“龙兴之地”的未来命运息息相关,清廷上下极为重视,对战争善后的筹议与“局外中立”平行展开.从战事爆发到两国议和,内外臣工数次集中讨论日俄局势因应之策与战后东北经营方略,有针对性地提出调停争端、严守中立、加强边防、改制行省、推行新政、开埠通商以及联日抗俄等涉及内政外交的多项建议,基本确定了战争善后的总体框架,拉开了清政府日俄战争善后的序幕并为之奠定基础.梳理这一过程,可见清政府应对两国战和局势、处理战争善后的心路历程,有利于把握战争善后事务的基本脉络及各项举措之间的内在联系,且对于清末新政研究不无裨益.     

论冷战期间美国的“隐蔽行动”战略

“隐蔽行动”是冷战期间美国对苏联东欧等社会主义国家实施的主要战略之一,是服务于遏制大战略的一个重要子战略。冷战爆发后,面对苏联的激烈反击,杜鲁门政府很快制订了这一战略予以抗击。之后美国历届政府都继承实施了这一战略。随着冷战格局的变化,美国隐蔽行动的发展大体经历了四个阶段。作为美国冷战战略库中的一件重要武器和遏制大战略体系中的一根重要支柱,隐蔽行动战略的实施对促使苏东裂变、美国赢得冷战起了不可忽略的重要作用。     

中苏同盟在抗美援朝战争中的作用

1950年2月14日中苏两国政府缔结的《中苏友好同盟互助条约》,虽然不是针对美国的,但中苏同盟的建立在中国人民抗美援朝战争中发挥了极为重要的作用。苏联是中国人民进行抗美援朝战争的强大后盾。《中苏友好同盟互助条约》在抗美援朝战争中有力地牵制了美国,使其不敢将战争扩大到中国境内;苏联对中国和中国人民抗美援朝战争提供了有力的军事援助;苏联积极帮助中国打破西方国家的经济封锁,大力援助中国建设工业基础;苏联在外交上坚决同美国孤立中国的政策作斗争。这些对中国人民取得抗美援朝战争胜利和完成国民经济恢复,提供了强有力的支援和保证。     

冷战期间美国对外“隐蔽行动”问题析论

冷战期间美国对外隐蔽行动是我国学术界研究的新领域,一些基本问题尚未廓清。本文就其中三个问题进行了探讨,认为:秘密活动、间谍活动、隐蔽行动是三个不同概念,彼此既有联系又有区别;美国在对外关系中实施隐蔽行动由来已久,但从美国立国直至二战前,隐蔽行动只是其对外活动中偶然使用的策略手段,而在冷战期间发展到巅峰。冷战期间,隐蔽行动成为美国实现对外政策目标的一个重要战略工具,一项基本政策和基本战略。对于冷战期间美国的对外隐蔽行动,我们应从基本政策、基本战略的角度深入研究。     

How Soviet Cold Warriors viewed World War II: the inside story of the 1957 edition of the Big Three correspondence

This article discusses the origins of the 1957 Soviet edition of the correspondence between Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill during the Second World War. Using newly available documents from Russian archives it analyses various factors that led to this publication, traces its production process, and highlights the way the Soviet establishment tried to spin the World War II narrative in order to win the Cold War battle to establish the dominant historical narrative. Notwithstanding its Cold War origins, the publication retains its historical value but needs to be reassessed in the light of new sources and historiography.     

The Indexification of Poverty: The Covert Politics of Small-Area Indices

In recent decades statistical indices have become a dominant method for measuring many features of the social world. While the resulting enumerations are regularly cited by critical human geographers, the wider political stakes of indexing the world remain unaddressed. In this article, we theorise indexification as the process through which composite statistics transform theoretical constructs into epistemic objects, and then geographically bounded rankings. Rather than a neutral process, we argue that these epistemological manoeuvres can mask various forms of violence. Through a detailed analysis of the UK's Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), we highlight the clandestine politics of indexification and their tendency to conceal harms meted out by the state. Seeking a more critical reckoning with indices, we conclude by calling for and outlining a project of radical indexification—a participatory, democratic, and transparent endeavour that takes spatial justice as its organising principle.