Russia's Economic Transformation under Putin

A prominent specialist on the Russian economy presents a systematic account and analysis of Russia's economic transformation under President Vladimir Putin. The study covers the period from the financial crash of August 1998 through the years of spectacular growth leading to August 2004. The discussion encompasses the financial stabilization in the aftermath of the crash, the work of Putin's first economic team, the tax reform, tightened budgetary control, deregulation, land and judicial reforms, trade policies, the economic agenda for Putin's second term, and prospects for further economic reform. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E60, E63, F13, H20, H60, P21. 1 figure, 2 tables, 57 references.     

当俄罗斯旧礼仪派“塞梅斯基人”走向世界的时候

2008年8月未我们曾经到俄罗斯后贝加尔地区做过一次关于非物质定化遗产项目的初步考察。     

莫普司法改革与法国旧制度的崩溃

1770至1774年间,法国的司法大臣莫普进行了一场司法改革,旨在消除高等法院的反抗倾向,重新树立王权的绝对权威,并使司法体系合理化。虽然改革以失败告终,但它构成了旧制度末年重要的政治转折。国内史学论著中很少提及莫普改革,在国际史学界对它的评价则引起了长期的争论。本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,力图探讨旨在挽救君主制危机的莫普司法改革如何加速了旧制度的灭亡,促进了大革命的来临。     

The Swiss community in Genoa from the Old Regime to the late nineteenth century

Abstract

Drawing on extensive and original archival research, this article is the first to reconstruct the origins and historical development of the Swiss community of Genoa from the sixteenth to the late nineteenth century. During these four centuries, the Swiss were constant and significant agents of the Genoese economy and society. The Swiss presence in the city dates back to the mid 1500s, when Swiss soldiers were the predominant component of the army of the Republic. In the 1700s the Swiss community broadened its economic scope and varied its social configuration. It consisted of both a well-established Protestant, élite of merchant-bankers and textile entrepreneurs and a lower layer of craftsmen, confectioners, street vendors and servants. By the end of the 1700s the Swiss élite was such a thriving and well-integrated group that in 1799 Genoa was selected to be the seat of the first Swiss consulate of the Italian peninsula, the second in Europe after Bordeaux (1798). From the Restoration (1815) to Italian Unification (1861), the Swiss merchant-bankers and textile industrialists continued to be active promoters of the city's economic and trading system. In the decades after Unification (1861–80s), Swiss capital investments moved into new economic sectors (steam-shipping and maritime insurance) that contributed to the modernization of the Genoese and Italian merchant fleet. During the nineteenth century the Swiss community created its own social spaces and identity within the city – a church, a cemetery, a school, and a charitable foundation. As in many other northern Italian cities, the consolidation of the community's external image did not weaken the Swiss élite's integration with the local Genoese upper class.     

南京国民政府时期识字运动浅论

自1929到1948年,南京国民政府主导的识字运动持续了近二十年,把清末以来的简易识字教育发展为一项以基础识字教育为核心,涵盖教育、政治、社会多层面内容的系统教育工程。识字运动以政府为主导,社会力量参与配合,以民众教育馆为社会管理机关,民众学校为基本组织形式,民众图书馆为"活的教育中心",学校式和社会式两种教育方式同时进行,在提高国民素质方面作出了有益尝试,成为民国教育领域中的一大亮点。其成败得失,具有深刻的历史意义和现实意义。     

汪伪统治时期的女子教育述评

汪伪统治时期的女子奴化教育,是在特定历史语境中形成的产物,它主要是适应日本帝国主义侵华治华、以战养战的政策与奴化教育国人以巩固自身统治的需要,是逆近现代女子教育发展潮流的丑剧,最终逃脱不了失败的结局。     

试论清朝统治者的宗教观

清王朝作为由少数民族入主中原而建立起来的封建政权,其为强化自己的统治、巩固自己的政权,采取了许多措施,其中,利用宗教化为自己的政治服务是其基本手段之一。清朝历代帝王对宗教均十分重视,并有着一以贯之的宗教思想,形成了比之以往朝代更具特色的宗教观,这一宗教观客观上既为统一的多民族的中华大帝国的最终形成以及长期稳定,奠定了良好的思想化基础,同时也对现代国家正确处理政治与宗教的关系提供了有益的借鉴。     

Russia's Market-Distorting Federalism

An American specialist in Russian regional affairs focuses on distinctions between Russian and Chinese federal relationships in order to examine the relationship between the types of political-economic decentralization and the success or failure of market reforms. The analysis includes an overview of regional differences in Russia in the implementation of key structural and policy changes that are components of the reform program, including but not limited to privatization, price and budget policy, the creation of small private enterprises, and government regulation of local economic activity. Supporting evidence and local press reports extend through October 1997. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 052, 053, P51, R59. 1 table, 21 references.