The United States and the Middle East at the End of the Cold War

Books reviewed in this article:
Burton I. Kaufman, The Arab Middle East and the United States: Inter-Arab Rivalry and Super-Power Diplomacy
Michael W. Suleiman (ed.), U.S. Policy on Palestine from Wilson to Clinton     

艰难的博弈:美国、中国与朝鲜战争的结束

艾森豪威尔当选美国总统后,急于结束朝鲜战争,为此目的而计划采取军事上的硬手段,发动强大的地面进攻,甚至企图诉诸核武器扩大战争的范围。与此形成鲜明对照的是,中国政府一直致力于打破停战谈判的僵局,早在斯大林去世前就在调整谈判政策,从而在推动战争结束的过程中发挥了决定性的作用。在此期间,华盛顿决策层一直考虑使用何种军事手段结束战争,最终明确制定了以核攻击为核心的政策。但无论何时,中国政府都不惧怕任何核威胁。通过与美国方面进行艰难的博弈,中国政府最终推动战争的结束,从而使朝鲜半岛恢复了和平。     

Russian War Propaganda in the United States during the First World War

The article examines Russian governmental efforts to positively shape public opinion in the United States towards the Russian war effort. In late 1916, a small information service, the Nord-Ziud Agency, was established in New York with the task of influencing press coverage by supplying American publications with interesting and favorable information about Russia and its army. However, meager financial support, the unwillingness of the military authorities to frankly share information, and their failure to understand what would interest American readers all undercut this novel propaganda effort.