从社会史到文化史:十八世纪法国书籍与社会研究

年鉴学派应用计量方法研究社会经济史所取得的成功直接推动了18世纪法国书籍与社会史研究。新一代的年鉴学派史家,以系列史方法为指导,研究书籍的社会经济史,解读书籍的社会文化功用,试图勾勒出18世纪法国的书籍社会学。但此后,在后现代主义理论、文化人类学和其他社会科学的影响下,史学家的目光从以统计学为基础的书籍社会学转向强调解读的阅读社会学。因此,对18世纪法国书籍与社会研究,总体上经历了从注重书籍计量到强调文本解读、从书籍社会学到阅读社会学、从文化社会史到社会文化史的转变。     

联邦德国社会史学派与文化史学派的争议--20世纪末联邦德国史学流派争议

20世纪末,联邦德国历史科学发生了重大变化。已经取得重大成就的社会史学派在与传统历史主义学派继续竞争的同时,又迎来了一系列新史学流派的挑战。本篇介绍的是社会史学派与文化史学派之间的争论。联邦德国文化史学派既是西方文化史学派的支流,也是本国社会史学派以及大学体制发展变化的结果。文化史学派与社会史学派的争议围绕“社会”与“文化”两个核心史学概念展开。文化史学派的挑战在年轻社会史学家中引起了很大的反响。目前,两大学派的竞争仍在继续,预言谁胜谁负,还为时过早。     

Country Music and the South: A Cultural Geography Perspective

Cultural geographers have failed to examine one of the most significant culture items unique to the American South— country music. Examination of the history, folklore, and sociology literature provides data on the area of origin and diffusion routes of the vocal and instrumental characteristics of early country music. The mixing of musical cultures in the South led to the origin and evolution of seven substyles of country music during the twentieth century: traditional, singing cowboy, western swing, honky tonk, bluegrass, country pop, and country rock. Despite recent cultural homogenization in the United States, country music continues to maintain its regional association with the American South.     

Paleolithic Art: A Cultural History

In this article we review the history of the terms and ideas that have been used to conceptualize Paleolithic art since the end of the 19th century. Between 1900 and 1970, prehistoric representations were typically divided into two main groups: parietal art (including rock and cave art) and portable (or mobiliary) art. This classification gave rise to asymmetrical attitudes about Paleolithic images. In particular, many portable and nonfigurative representations were overlooked while a small number of cave paintings were praised for their realism. Although the portable/parietal division has remained a popular divide among archaeologists, in the last 30 years increasing numbers of specialists have crossed the boundaries established by these categories. They have developed new frameworks within which more kinds of images are meaningfully approached and incorporated into the analysis of Paleolithic art and symbolism. The emergence of new approaches to Pleistocene imagery is the result of a number of interrelated processes, including the globalization of Paleolithic art studies, the impact of new discoveries, and the development of new approaches to art, images, and symbolism.     

米罗诺夫与当代俄罗斯社会史研究

米罗诺夫是当代俄国社会史研究领域的著名学者。苏联解体后,他经过近十年的艰苦努力,完成了两卷本的《俄国社会史》。该书以唯物史观为指导,借鉴了年鉴学派等西方新史学的理论与方法,发挥了计量史学的独特功能,以其丰富的资料、缜密的论证和新颖的观点。对18-20世纪初帝国时期的俄国社会作了全面而深入的考察,在许多方面取得了重要突破。本文通过对《俄国社会史》的写作构想、基本内容与理论框架等方面的分析,认为该书所取得的成就,在一定意义上代表了当代俄罗斯社会史研究的水平和发展方向,是俄罗斯史学在新世纪崛起的重要标志。     

Missing Links. Indigenous Life and Evolutionary Thought in the History of Russian Ethnography

The history of Russian social anthropology has long been best known for the work of three, late nineteenth-century “exile ethnographers,” each sent to the Russian Far East for their anti-tsarist activities as students. All three men—Vladimir Bogoraz, Vladimir Iokhel'son, and Lev Shternberg—produced voluminous and celebrated works on Russian far eastern indigenous life, but it was the young Shternberg who had perhaps the most profound effect on setting the agenda for the canonic evolutionist line soon to take hold in late Russian imperial and early Soviet ethnography. This essay draws on archival, library, and field research to revisit the life and work of Shternberg in order to tell the story of “group marriage” that he documented for the life of one Sakhalin Island indigenous people, Gilyaks (or Nivkhgu, Nivkhi). Documented in this way by Shternberg, the Nivkh kinship system proved a crucial “missing link” for Friedrich Engels, who had long been eager to provide evidence of primitive communism as man's natural state. For Gilyaks, the die was cast. Their role as the quintessential savages of Engels’ favor made them famous in Russian and Soviet ethnographic literature, and significantly enhanced their importance to Soviet government planners. This essay tracks that episode and its aftermaths as a pivotal moment in the history of Russian social anthropology and of evolutionist thought more broadly.     

新文化史、微观史和大众文化史——西方有关成果及其对中国史研究的影响

西方史学界正在发生着一个转向,新文化史、微观史、大众文化史研究的发展便是这个转向的重要标志之一.这个演讲将就这个转向的重要成果进行简要的介绍,并评述其对中国史研究的影响.演讲分四个部分,首先介绍西方新文化史和微观史学;然后概述中国史研究的有关成果;第三部分以我自己最近的研究课题为例,来看目前西方史学的这个新趋势对我自己学术发展的影响;最后,我还将就新文化史、微观史、大众文化史研究与中国史研究的若干问题提出我的一些思考.     

中国社会文化史研究:25年反省与进路

我国史学界社会文化史学科兴起25年来,经过了前十年"兴起奠基期"、继十年"发展兴盛期"、近五年"深化扩散期"三个阶段。学术贡献有:理论方法创新,开辟史学新生长点;推动中国近代史研究超越"革命史范式"及"现代化范式",走向"本土现代性";关注民间社会,挖掘内在社会文化资源。存在问题与瓶颈:学科意识模糊,研究"碎片化",平面描述性、意义稀薄及理论缺失。当今社会转型呼唤社会文化史的理论创新成果,未来将会引起关注的"关键论题"有:民间社会、社会治理、生活方式、价值系统。这几个"关键论题",可能会成为社会文化史学者为中国社会发展理论创新作出贡献的生长点。