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悖论迪安和科尔对于英国从17世纪晚期到20世纪中期经济增长的研究具有开拓性的意义,他们在书中的结论大体是这样的:“工业革命”这一术语富有意义,关于工业革命的传统的时间界定大体上也是正确的,即大约从18世纪最后几十年开始,持续半个多世纪。在此时期,国民生产增长率明显加速,尽管同一时期英国人口增长之快也是空前绝后,但国民生产的加速增长是如此的显著,以致人均产量也比以前有更快的增长。“但是,到该世纪末,情况出现了一个根本性的转变。1785年以后,无论是总产量,还是总人口,都以前所未有的速度在增长。但是,总产量的增长现在开始大… 相似文献
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《Textile history》2013,44(1):80-89
AbstractNewspaper runaway advertisements are one of the best sources of information on American women's working-class dress, but have only been minimally analysed in quantity. This article presents a project in which the notices of 900 women's elopements and their 5,600 garments have been catalogued in a relational database to provide greater access to garment data in runaway advertisements, including textile use, colour and patterning information. Data about the women, including physical characteristics, geographical location and ethnicity are linked to the garment data to allow contextual searches. Select initial investigations into preconceived notions of women's working-class clothing during this period are included to demonstrate future research directions based on this approach. 相似文献
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英国工业革命时期,工人阶级妇女最早离开家庭进入工厂做工,承受着繁重的社会劳动和家务劳动的双重负担。但是,由于柔弱、顺从的家庭妇女是当时英国社会所推崇的妇女形象.工厂女工进入工厂只是被迫而为,并非是为了经济独立,更不是为了寻求自身的解放和男女平等,因此她们的处境没有因为外出工作而有所改变,社会地位和家庭地位的提高只能是人为的一种设想,她们也不是最早获得解放的妇女。 相似文献
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扫烟囱男孩是工业革命时期英国一个特殊的童工类别,它是近代英国房屋建造观念变化以及英国人生活方式变化的产物。这些儿童人数虽不众多,但其苦难却特别深重。他们的历史折射出当时英国社会的特殊心态:普通大众的厌恶和同情,人道主义者的关注和改革,上流社会的漠然。最终,经历了一百多年的斗争,利用儿童扫烟囱的做法被立法禁止,但这段历史仍值得我们去反思:如何改善和救助现代社会中变相的扫烟囱儿童的命运? 相似文献
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英国农业自16世纪始发生了一场深刻的革命,农业生产增长明显加快,农业劳动生产率也稳步提高,直接为工业革命铺平了道路。同时也使英国率先摆脱了传统社会周期性生存危机的困扰,孕育了近代乡村工业,为乡村人口流动和城市发展提供了动力,在英国由传统农业社会向近代工业社会的转型中扮演了重要的角色。 相似文献
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16世纪以来的济贫法直到工业革命时期都是规范贫困救济的重要法律依据,但旧济贫法主要体现的是传统的经济观念,这与工业革命的经济社会变化越来越不相容。倡导自由放任的古典经济学的兴起为人们创造了一个理解现实的新的理论基础,在新思想体系的影响下,社会对贫困救济的观念不断变化,最终导致济贫法改革和1834年新济贫法的确立。 相似文献
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英国工业革命时期的家庭生产 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
家庭史学是史学的一个新成员,现已成为新史学的研究热点之一。家庭生产包括物质生产和人口生产两个方面。英国工业革命时期,物质生产的发展改变了人类单一依靠土地的生产方式,增加了财富.使人口增长成为可能,人口增长又反过来成为英国工业革命的推进剂,当两发展不协调时可以通过生育控制等来达到平衡。在英国工业革命这一特定的历史时期,两种生产互为因果、互相制约,形成社会发展的良性机制。 相似文献
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工业革命前英国农民的生活与消费水平 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
消费与生产,民众日常生活和消费水准及其与社会发展的关系研究,已经成为西方学术界的热门课题,尤其近数十年来欧美史学界关于这方面的研究新迭出,十分引人注目。不过,中国史学界关于民众日常生活和消费水平的研究,至今还是一个有待深入开发的领域,将西欧 相似文献
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M.J. Freeman 《Journal of Historical Geography》1980,6(1):17-28
Recent studies by Albert, Pawson and others have led to a new appreciation of road transport in the Industrial Revolution; traditionally, it is canal development rather than road transport expansion that has been seen as the key sector in contemporary transport improvement. Fresh examination of the traditional emphasis on canals underlines the new findings on the road sector. The role of canals in raw material movement may be undeniable, but the marketing side of the industrializing economy has largely been forgotten. Detailed comparison of the different properties of canal and road transport reveals yet further weaknesses. Among them is the peculiar susceptibility of canals to frost and drought. Using a prediction technique based on Manley's monthly temperature means for Central England, it emerges that in one out of every two years, frost may have impeded canal-working for upwards of 20 days. A number of possible directions for further research are outlined. Of particular importance is the need for studies of transport demand. 相似文献
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Filippo Randelli 《European Planning Studies》2012,20(12):1961-1974
Italian industrial districts are undergoing fundamental changes due to globalization. Taking a firm perspective, we argue that the analysis of firm strategies, in particular the rise of business groups, is key to understand the organizational adjustments industrial districts have recently gone through. Due to the typical family structure of industrial district firms in the Marche region, as in other fragmented Italian districts, the organizational form adopted by firms to manage growth is that of the business group. We evaluate the empirical relevance of business groups in the Marche region, and we describe different transition strategies that turned firms into business groups. 相似文献