The Car and its Artists

Abstract

Since the beginning of the carrage, coincident with the fin du siècle, car art has been as much in flux and reflux as the car's technology itself. Many eminent painters have at least flirted with automobile matters, great impressionists as well as modern pop artists, and between them, say from 1910 to 1960, there existed the golden age of the great illustrators and poster men. Each one of these has left us a different image of what the car meant to him and thi review attempt to project some of these images. It must be more than coincidence that the first and the last illustrations here show a car as an objet d'art.     

The Second Time as Farce: Archaeological Reflections on the New New Deal

Many connections have been made between the Great Depression and the current crisis in neoliberal capitalism, and many solutions proposed by the Left hearken to FDR’s New Deal programs. While New Deal policies had real benefits, assuming that they were uniformly beneficial to all lower class individuals is shortsighted. This is clear from the vantage point of our research in the Finger Lakes National Forest. The New Deal’s Resettlement Administration purchased these farms when implementing land-planning policies to move farmers off “sub-marginal” land to save families “stranded on sub-marginal farms.” Our research demonstrates that governmental land-use programs saved some farms by sacrificing others. This case makes it clear that solving current crises need more than nostalgic yearning for a mythic past. Solutions must come from a thorough examination of the “real concrete” past, not simply the past as imagined.     

论建文新政

建文帝继位后,在短短4年间进行了内容广泛的革新,有得有失。他一改朱元璋重武轻文的倾向,优容文士,提高其品级;他宽刑省狱,平反冤案,改变了动辄诛杀的严酷的政治空气;他减轻赋税,解决“江浙赋独重”的积弊,颇得民心。但他“锐意复古”,甚至要实行井田制,对官名、宫名、殿名等仿《周礼》频繁更改,徒增纷扰。尤其是对威胁最大的所谓“藩王之害”,他未能果断处置,在“削藩”问题上连连失误,因而丢掉了皇位,致使那些很有意义的革新措施也未能有效推行。     

试论美国土著民族反对印第安人新政的原因

20世纪30年代的印第安人新政为了维护印第安人的利益、文化和传统,力图实现美国印第安人政策从同化到土著民族自治的转变。然而令人奇怪的是,印第安人新政却遭到美国土著民族的诸多强烈反对。究其原因可以归结为印第安人新政存在三大矛盾(1)印第安人新政的思想基础与被同化印第安人理念之间的矛盾;(2)印第安人新政的政策载体与印第安人传统习俗之间的矛盾;(3)印第安人新政的政策效果与印第安人的期望之间的矛盾。     

罗斯福"新政"金融立法评介

自从二战结束以来,美国国内关于美国金融体系的争论一直没有停止过。20世纪80年代的放松管制改革．1999年《金融服务现代化法案》的通过,标志着美国的金融体系进入了一个新的历史发展时期。这场争论似乎是以对罗斯福“新政”金融立法的全面否定而告终。在这一历史背景之下,有必要对“新政”的金融立法进行客观的评价。     

Visualizing New Deal Debates: FDR's Big Stick

This article examines the use of the image of the “big stick” in the context of the New Deal. I argue that the conservative press in the 1930s used the image to mobilize historical memories of over-reaching executive power and a growing federal government under Teddy Roosevelt to “explain” Franklin Roosevelt in 1932. Further, the “big stick” was used to accuse FDR of a drive for dictatorial power during his attempt to reorganize the Supreme Court in 1937. The article argues that the visual image and symbol of the “big stick” shaped contemporary political debates and mobilized the public in the 1930s, and continues to shape American political discourse, as seen in the use of the symbol in the 2012 election.     

罗斯福“新政”的农业政策

富兰克林·罗斯福上台执政后,面对美国的严重农业危机、农民悲惨处境和反抗浪潮,实行了以<农业调整法>为主要内容,以国家干预为重要手段,以控制农产品产量为目标的农业政策.罗斯福政府的农业"新政",是在维护资本主义制度的前提下,对这种制度进行改革的重要组成部分.这种改革虽然只是一种农业资本主义的结构改革,而非革命性的改革,更未促成一场社会革命,但它保护和促进了美国垄断资本主义,使美国的农业和工业一样进入了国家垄断资本主义阶段.