The Passenger Cases Reconsidered in Transatlantic Commerce Clause History

The Supreme Court's 5–4 decision in the Passenger Cases (1849) overturned two Northern states' taxes on poor foreign immigrants. The Court's eight opinions disputed whether destitute transatlantic immigrants arriving in U.S. ports were legally and constitutionally “persons” like fugitive slaves fleeing the South, free African Americans residing in the U.S.‐Canadian borderlands, and black seamen working on ships entering Southern ports. The eight opinions issued in the case, as Charles Warren noted, raised fundamental constitutional questions concerning whether U.S. congressional or state authority was exclusive or concurrent over persons moving in interstate and international business, reflecting wider sectional struggles fostering the Civil War. ¹ More recently, Mary Bilder and others examined connections among indentured contract labor, race‐based American slavery, and the Court's antebellum Commerce Clause decisions to establish that foreign immigrants were commercial objects subject to regulation through the Constitution's Commerce Clause. ² Southerners and Northern pro‐slavery supporters argued, however, that fugitive slaves and free blacks crossing interstate and international borders were “persons” who could be regulated or altogether excluded under state police powers. ³     

环境史与历史地理的关系

这篇文章有三个部分。第一部分考察了环境史作为历史学科一个独特子集的出现 ,并讨论了它的发展过程 :首先讨论了它的开始是植根于北美的资源保护和知识史 ,其次讨论了它的伦理演化和基本要点 ,最后讨论了它更具国际主义和跨学科性的关于自然中的人的观点。同时也考察了环境史研究的各种模式(主要是人类学的 )和议程。第二部分考察了主要历史和文化地理学家对环境史所提出的更大的人与自然的争论的贡献。着眼点主要关注四个研究领域 :(1)地球的变化和改变 ,(2 )全球扩展和资本主义经济 ,(3)人在自然界中的位置 ,(4 )栖息地、经济和社会之间的相互关系。第三部分考察了一些争论对于两个学科的意义、共性和挑战。结论是两个学科在“场所故事的叙述”中有许多互相帮助和学习的东西。     

方志与地志是历史与地理之母

方志的概念诞生于周朝,名日方志,实为古史。历史的概念是由最初的“史”官名,到唐代以“史”命书名,再到明代末年将历与史合成书名,形成今之历史学名。地志是地图、地记、图经、地理总志等书的总称,方志的一种。地理与地志同源共体,只是近代才从地志中脱胎而出,分化独立。因此说,方志与地志是历史与地理之母。     

评南高师的史地学研究

南高史地学派是对南京高等师范学校史地研究会会员之统称。他们与传统史学有着较深的渊源 ,注重史地之学 ,反对新文化运动对传统文化的全盘否定 ,故而传统见解将他们定性为保守的或者守旧一派 ,与北大新文化派之“新”相对立。就治学而言 ,南高史地学派并不守旧 ,且与北大新文化派颇多相似之处。新旧的简单对立 ,无疑掩盖了南高史地学派的真实面目     

历史货币地理研究刍议

作为历史经济地理学的重要分支,历史货币地理研究迄今未引起学术界的充分关注。围绕历史货币地理研究的理论体系进行建构,无疑是非常有意义的尝试。我们对历史货币地理研究的对象、具体内容、与其他学科的相互关系、研究方法等问题进行了理论探讨,并提出了开创中国历史货币地理研究的建议,主张对先秦以来中国货币制度中长期存在的货币地域性问题进行全面而系统的研究。     

《中国边疆史地研究》2005年总目录

边疆理论论清朝疆域形成与历代疆域的关系成崇德(1·1)西方近代边疆理论的初步发展章永俊(2·1)相对成熟的西方边疆理论简论(1871—1945)孙宏年(2·12)冷战期间西方边疆理论的发展董欣洁(2·22)从地理边疆到“利益边疆”———冷战结束以来西方边疆理论的演变于沛(2·31)“五帝”世系与秦汉时期“华夷共祖”思想王文光翟国强(3·1)春秋时期诸侯国是独立主权国家吗?———与叶自成先生商榷杨恕王欢(4·1)边政研究新疆与历代中原王朝政治关系的计量分析王尚达杨恕(1·11)明洪武朝陕北边防及其特点周松(1·17)清末新疆禁毒研究周卫平孟楠(1·26…     

《中国边疆史地研究》2004年总目录

特　稿中国疆域的形成与发展马大正 ( 3·1 )“东北工程”与中国东北史的研究李国强 ( 4·1 )边疆学理论传统夷夏观与中国疆域的形成———中国疆域形成理论探讨之一李大龙 ( 1·1 )“边疆”一词在世界主要法系中的镜像 :一个语源学角度的考察张世明 ( 2·1 )中华疆域观念与历代边疆政策———以东北疆域为例张碧波 ( 2·1 2 )边政研究两汉国家边防战略思想的发展及其主要特征黄今言 ( 1·1 5)至元末元军征黎时间考辨王献军 ( 1·2 7)蒙藏事务局与民国初年的边疆治理论析孙宏年 ( 1·3 0 )绿营兵与清代的西南边疆秦树才 ( 2·2 2 )论清末东…     

近代经济地理的研究历程

近代经济地理学经过二十多年的发展,现已成为历史地理诸学科中重要的学科方向,并受到历史学、地理学、经济学等相关学科的重视.对近代经济地理研究进行必要的学术史回顾,为下一步的研究指出新的学术起点,意义是不言而喻的.     

Power and Scale: The Shifting Geography of Industrial Relations Law in Australia

Abstract: In an increasingly complex literature exploring the geographies of socially constructed scale, interest has focused on the relationship between scale, power and the contested political terrains through which these relations are played out. In this paper, I argue that these interactions must be understood in specific contexts, where shifts in scale are inextricably linked to shifts in the sources and instruments of power. By applying a scale perspective to the analysis of recent industrial relations legislation in Australia, I show that the nature and direction of rescaling is “fixed” by the powers of institutional actors and the scope of their jurisdictions. I then draw on the distinctively scaled relations of the Australian context to assess the extent to which Australia's national rescaling processes can be seen as representing a process of convergence toward universal “spaces of neoliberalism”.     

比丘林的中国边疆史地研究

比丘林(1777—1853),又名亚金甫神甫,是19世纪上半叶俄国最杰出的汉学家,公认的俄国汉学的奠基人。1808年,他率俄国东正教第九届驻北京传教士团来华,前后居京14年,习汉、满、蒙、藏语。比丘林一生从事汉学研究,在中国历史、地理、学、语言等领域均有建树。     

The Trelleborg House Reconsidered

THE RECONSTRUCTED Viking-age house erected at Trelleborg in 1942 (FIG. 20) has, as a result of recent archaeological investigation,¹ proved to be wrongly designed. The theory that it had an outside gallery is impossible to sustain, since on further examination the posts proved to be inclined towards the house and they must, therefore, be explained as buttresses. Further, since the height of the walls had been deduced basically from the fact that the gallery must allow of free passage, the whole structure of the house must be reconsidered. Despite these errors the Trelleborg reconstruction has produced an extended discussion of Viking-age house structure and provides a reasonable starting point for a new study.     

杞国史地考略

本文通过周代杞国史地的对比研究,论证了周代杞国不宜再分为“殷杞”、“周杞”或是“夏杞”、“夷杞”,而应该把杞作为一个国家来对待。同时也对商代、周代杞国的地望、迁移及迁移中的问题作了进一步论证。     

二十世纪正史地理志研究述评

地理志是我国正史的重要组成部分。20世纪对各部正史地理志都做了不同程度的研究,但研究成果分布很不均匀。有的朝代的正史地理志研究已比较深入,并诞生了一批高质量的著作,但有的朝代的正史地理志研究尚待深入。本文正对20世纪正史地理志研究情况作一总结。     

人地关系理论与历史地理研究

人地关系问题长期以来一直是引人注目的跨学科问题,很多学科从不同的学科背景、不同的层次和尺度上探究人地关系的不同侧面。概言之,以哲学、历史学为主体的人科学主要是从哲学、历史观及伦理层次展开理论思辩与逻辑论证,具有浓厚的主观和直觉色彩：而地理学、生态学、环境科学等与这一问题有密切关系的自然科学,则主要通过具体个案的分析,在实证研究层次上加以归纳、概括,所得出的常常是能够实证和实验的认识,并在此基础     

The Claudian Invasion Campaign Reconsidered

This paper attempts to build on Hind's hypothesis (1989) that the Roman invasion of AD 43 took place in Sussex, by examining the implications for the conquest campaign. It is suggested that the usual tactics of the Roman army and the size of the invading army are not consistent with the standard invasion campaign theory, in particular the events leading up to the so-called battle of the Medway. Other aspects of the evidence available to us are also inconsistent with the standard theory but can be explained in terms of a Sussex landing. The result is to offer further support for Hind's hypothesis.     

包衣身份再辨

"包衣"是清代旗人群体的一个组成部分,同时又是清代皇族的私属,由于他们双重的身份及其与皇室、内务府的特殊关系,使包衣群体的研究成为清代政治与旗人社会研究的重要组成部分。但是学界在"包衣"称谓的解释和身份的认识上并不清晰。本文在梳理学界观点的基础上,通过对包衣、阿哈、包衣阿哈以及家人等不同称谓的辨析,明确"包衣"是清代包衣组织成员的专称,不能用阿哈、包衣阿哈或家人替换。