浅谈闽台民间的“敬惜字纸”习俗

“敬惜字纸”是中国文化传统理念之一．成为古时人们的一种习俗．还流传到受中国儒家文化影响的日本、韩国、越南等国家和地区。     

百家传统与中国现代化问题杂思

民族的文化传统是民族生存和发展的精神源泉,一个民族的现代化,最终要落脚到民族思想和民族文化的现代化。中国的“百家争鸣”时代是中华民族主体思想的形成时代,百家传统不论是在形式上还是在内容上都对后世影响甚大。研究百家传统与西方文化传统的不同,进而思考中国现代化进程中的文化协同,对中国的现代化是有帮助的。     

中国文化传统与日本的现代化——兼析日本现代化进程中儒家思想之影响

战后日本经济的高速发展,举世瞩目.探究其原因,成为国内外学者的热门课题.特别是概观经济飞速发展的日本与香港、台湾、南朝鲜、新加坡“四小龙”新兴工业发展地区,认为儒家思想成为它们经济高速发展极为重要的原因.更有甚者,有人称其谓“儒家资本主义模式”.对此,笔者不敢苟同,主要理由是日本现代化的实现,是在它特定的历史条件下,充分发挥了根植于日本民族在历史的长河中所凝聚而成的民族素质,本文试图在概述日本现代化进程及其成功奥秘的基础上,评估儒家思想对日本现代化的作用;分析中国文化传统的特质,阐明中国文化传统对日本现代化所发生的影响;最后,提出文化传统与现代化关系的若干思考.     

中国传统文化现代转型的理性思考

文化的现代化是社会现代化进程中的最高层面,中国文化现代化的首要问题是如何实现中国传统文化现代化的成功转型。本文在分析中国传统文化现代转型的必然性的基础上,提出了我国传统文化现代转型的基本思路。     

简谈儒学在日本的发展及影响

中日两国一衣带水,同属儒家文化圈。儒家文化作为中华民族文化的主体,对日本传统文化的形成与发展始终具有深刻影响。儒家思想对日本政治、经济乃至社会生活的各个方面都发挥着至关重要的作用。     

简谈儒学在日本的发展及影响

中日两国一衣带水,同属儒家文化圈。儒家文化作为中华民族文化的主体,对日本传统文化的形成与发展始终具有深刻影响。儒家思想对日本政治、经济乃至社会生活的各个方面都发挥着至关重要的作用。     

和谐社会的“孝道”文化建设

儒家文化传统的核心之一是“孝”。在以父权为中心的封建制度下得以实现和维持,并服务于封建政治统治。在现代公民社会中,传统“孝文化”应该有其新的基础,新的内涵和新的保障,“孝”应从以“家庭子女责任”为中心向“社会政府责任”为中心转变。从而更好的发挥“孝文化”的作用,为和谐社会的建设服务。     

晚清民初现代“文明”和“文化”概念的形成及其历史实践

在晚清民初的历史语境里,中国传统的“文明”和“文化”概念先是大体经历了一个摆脱轻视物质、经济、军事方面的内容,形成内蕴进化理念的新的现代“文明”概念——广义的现代“文化”概念,再从另一维度部分地回归与“武化”、物质化相对的中国传统“文明”和“文化”的关键内涵,进而获取新的思想资源、重建一种新的狭义“文化”概念的过程,最终复构成了一个广、狭义内涵并存的、带有矛盾性的现代“文化”概念结构。这两个重要的现代概念形成和演变的过程,同时也是当时的中国人运用它们进行社会改革的实践过程。戊戌时期,现代“文明”概念已经在趋新士大夫中逐渐流行开来,并携带一系列现代性主导价值观念,成为维新运动得以全方位展开不容忽视的思想依托;而狭义“文化”概念的出现及其与广义概念的合构,则影响了五四新文化运动的进程。     

中国文化史研究的反思

中国文化史研究的反思周积明从１９１４年第一部以“中国文化史”冠名的著作问世以来,国内的中国文化史研究已走过近９０年的历程。它伴随着中国传统史学革命,也伴随着中国现代化进程,从而在２０世纪中国文化史上留下了长长的印痕。尽管时至今日仍然有学者对文化史研究...     

浅谈儒学思想对韩国的影响

一种偶学思想具有一个国家的标志,要有自己的特色．用自己的品格表现出来。韩国自古号称“君子之国”,一贯提倡儒学,对整个大韩民族进行儒家伦理教育,士君子主张以儒家礼仪、孝道治国。儒家文化在韩国有着深厚的底蕴和根基。儒家文化在西汉时期开始传入朝鲜半岛,历经时间的孕育、生根、发展和再创造,积淀成为韩国民族传统文化。儒学思想对韩国的爱国热情和民族精神、经济、学校教育、家庭伦理、文明礼仪以及社会现象的影响是无法估量的。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.