“现代民族”的特征及形成的一般途径

“现代民族”是中外民族理论最为关注的民族类型。依存于近、现代社会制度是现代民族的首要特征,因而“资本主义民族”和“社会主义民族”是它的基本形态。此外,鲜明的自觉性、政治性和可塑性也是这类民族的特点。近代以来,世界各民族获得现代属性的途径,既因所处国度的社会性质不同而不同,也因各自发展状况不同而有差异。但是,只有当一个国家的少数民族或弱势民族完成了向资本主义或社会主义的过渡,我们才能说这个国家完成了民族的现代性演变;只有当世界范围内的少数民族或弱势民族都完成了向资本主义或社会主义的转变,我们才可以说人类社会完成了民族过程上的现代性改造。     

礼俗互动传统中的顾炎武风俗教化观及其现代启示

作为一种政治文化传统的"礼俗互动"话语及其实践,建构了传统社会的统一性。顾炎武的风俗教化观是传统"礼俗互动"的缩影,他认为作为一种政治文化的风俗是全民性的,论世必考其风俗,历史兴衰与风俗美恶联系紧密。整顿风俗必然要以礼乐教化为纪纲,"民德厚而礼俗成"是其风俗教化观的主要宗旨,其风俗教化观对当下的礼俗互动话语具有一定的现代启示意义。新格局下的"礼俗互动"话语及其实践方兴未艾,传统礼俗的现代性转化及其互动为我们理解当下中国社会提供了新的视角,发挥这种本土思想资源在国家治理与民间自治上的社会整合功能,有助于推进国家治理体系和社会治理能力的现代化。     

论契丹民族华夷同风的社会观

本文从契丹民族的历史观、民族观、社会观、道德观等方面论证了契丹自古以来就是中华民族的组成部分,辽政权是属于南北对峙时期的北方民族政权。契丹王朝的社会经济制度、政治制度、法律制度、文化教育诸方面,基本上继承了中原汉制并有所创新,体现出中华多元一体的发展趋势及契丹族华夷同风的社会风貌。而日本学者所宣扬的“契丹王朝是胡族国家”,“辽朝是在中国史系列之外存在的国家”是完全不符合契丹族历史发展的实际的     

现代性与社会政策改革——1890-1933年间德国社会政策探析

1890-1933年间德国社会政策的演进,正是以"制度化"与"民主化"为目标的现代性在"国家/社会"这一权力结构中的又一展演.这一发展实现了现代国家在统治模式上的"理性化",从而成为德国现代化的一次尝试.然而"现代性的病态"却注定了这种尝试以失败告终.德国社会政策改革的这一历史将成为学界反思现代性的又一途径.     

关于中俄历史文化对两国关系影响问题的思考

关于中俄历史文化对两国关系影响问题的思考薛衔天一个民族的历史文化或曰传统文化不仅影响到该民族的社会生活,而且也对该民族国家同其他民族国家的相互关系产生一定的影响。但评判民族国家之间相互关系性质的标准是被国际社会普遍接受的现代国际关系准则。某种宗教文化...     

柄谷行人：在言语与民族之问——民族问题的一例个案

柄谷行人的《书写语言与民族主义》作为后现代批评语境中检视民族现代性进程的文本表述,主要围绕“语音中心主义”展开。从索绪尔语言学的德里达主义批判出发,柄谷创造性地拆解了语音中心主义的逻各斯传统,在“书面语”与“口语”、“外部的”与“内部的”、“外在化”与“内在化”、“历史语言学”与“普通语言学”、“意识形态机能”与“自律体系”的二元并置中,以语言民族主义的系谱学考察,打破不证自明的日本现代民族国家想像,完成日本现代民族主义精神结构的深层文化探析。     

中华文明统一性特征在清代的表达与实践——以《清代国家统一史》为中心的探讨

清代是中国历史上实现统一的重要时期。清代实现、巩固和维护国家统一的历程,是中国数千年政治、经济和文化演化的必然结果,展现了中华文明统一性特征在清代的特定表达与实践逻辑。从中国历史和世界历史的双重维度下观察清代国家统一,才能充分理解清代在中国认同驱动下对“大一统”观的继承、改造与实践,才能全面把握清代政治文明在中西政治大分流过程中的世界意义,才能从根本上打破西方民族国家理论的桎梏,形成对中国历史疆域形成及现代转型的正确认识。     

国家观与中华民族的爱国主义

在中华民族历史上,爱国义始终是动员鼓舞人民团结斗的一面旗,是各族人民同的精神支,在维护祖国一和民族团、抵御外来侵以及推动社会步方面发挥了大作用。然而,国主义作为一历史范畴,其容是一定社会治、经济的反。在社会发展不同历史阶,爱国主义的容始终同人们“国家”这个政概念的认识紧地联系在一。有什么样的家观,就有不内容的爱国主与之相适应。文拟从国家观爱国主义之间关系出发,对的关系出发,对中华民族爱国主义的历史发展作一简要分析。一列宁认为,爱国主义是千百年来巩固起来的对自己祖国的一种最深厚的感情犤1犦。这里所爱之国指的…     

欧洲历史中的过去和未来——简析科泽勒克和阿尔托格的历史时间研究

科泽勒克和阿尔托格认为,在欧洲近代史上,过去的经验和期待的视阈之间的关系经历了重大转变。在某种意义上,我们可以依据阿尔托格提出的"历史时间形态"来理解现代性和后现代,这一术语同样涉及过去与未来的关系。在现代性的历史时间形态中,经验空间与期待视阈之间产生了距离,未来不应是过去的延续;在这种语境下,"历史"这一概念也有着特殊的含义,它强调的是时间中呈现出的变革和进步。这一现代的历史一时间观,可以解释黑格尔等人对于东方社会的某些判断。     

坚持和发展马克思主义人民观应当关注的深层问题

马克思主义人民观是共产党人持有的基本观点.全面、准确地理解和把握马克思主义人民观对我们党、国家和民族的前途与命运具有重大意义.目前有必要澄清一些涉及马克思主义人民观的理论误区和实践误区,从而自觉跳出对待人民群众的“历史怪圈”     

Secularisation: process,program, and historiography

ABSTRACT

Today's dominant academic use of the term ‘secularisation’ refers to an epochal process that transformed a society based on Christian faith to one grounded in human reason. This paper argues that ‘secularisation’ had not been used in this sense prior to the 1830s, and that no such process has been shown to have taken place in early modernity. This new use of the term was in fact internal to rival secularising and sacralising programs. The notion of an epochal rationalisation of society was thus invoked by secularists seeking to turn a factional campaign into an historical process. Their sacralising opponents employed the same strategy when they claimed that this process contained a desecularising counter-current, or that secularisation was secretly grounded in an alienated religion whose de-alienation held the promise of a post-secular age. This suggests that until they can adduce evidence of an epochal rationalisation of society in early modernity, histories of secularisation should be regarded as disguised program-statements for rival cultural-political factions in the present.     

HISTORIA MAGISTRA VITAE,INTERRUPTING: THUCYDIDES AND THE AGONISTIC TEMPORALITY OF ANTIQUITY AND MODERNITY

In this essay I discuss Koselleck's thesis on the dissolution of historia magistra vitae in modernity with a view to exploring how the modern historiographical engagement with Thucydides entails qualifications of this argument. Focusing on Barthold Georg Niebuhr's contextualization of Thucydides in a new temporality of “ancient and modern history,” I examine how modernity is caught between conflicting notions of its own prehistory, and that this conflict suggests that the forward‐leaping qualities of Neuzeit were co‐articulated with other temporal notions, and particularly an idea of historical exemplarity associated with historia magistra vitae. This plurality of times highlights an agonistic temporality linking antiquity and modernity: a model of conflicting times inscribed in a dialogue through which modern historiography interrupted the “useful” history of antiquity, while simultaneously being itself interrupted by it. By following this dialogue, I seek to test two interrelated hypotheses: a) that modernity produced a multitemporal scheme in which the ideas of differential time and the future were intertwined with a notion of historia magistra vitae as meaningful and sense‐bearing time; and b) that contradictions in this scheme arising from the modern confrontation with Thucydides's poetics challenges the opposition between historia magistra vitae and modern historical sense and configures a temporality that is self‐agonistic in the sense that it confronts historical actors before and beyond the terms through which they may be able to give it meaning. Formulated as a poetics of the possible, this notion is approached as a corrective alternative to the modern consideration of the future as distanced from the space of experience, but nonetheless as grounded in actuality and therefore largely mastered by human knowledge and action.     

2. WRITING POLITICS BACK INTO HISTORY1

This essay examines the writing of history and historiography in early modern south India as discussed in the book Textures of Time. The book argues that a historical and historiographical awareness was prevalent in south India prior to the arrival of a European field of knowledge under colonial rule. However, this essay maintains that the book unwittingly reproduces some of the very same Eurocentric formulations of the writing of history and modernity that it seeks to refute. A liberal conception of modernity is at the core of how society, history, and politics have been imagined in this book. These attributes of modernity, such as history as a set of causal relations, as presentation of facts, as a realm of the real cannot escape their prior formulation in Europe. The liberal social order also underpins the relationship between writing and the world. In Textures, early historians merely represent reality; they are not authors whose practices are constitutive of politics and identity. The conception of modernity overlooks the constitutive role colonial empires played in the very creation not only of the West and non‐West, but also in conceptions of the real, the modern, the universal, and the historical.     

变动中的家与地方:一个关联性的研究综述

家与地方的关系是地方性研究中的关键性命题。人本主义地理学认为地方根植是家的根本属性,批判地理学则从社会建构的角度阐释家与地方的动态关联。在全球化和灾害影响下,家与地方的联结方式不断变动,呈现出异常丰富的多样性。本文从理论脉络入手,对全球化进程中因绅士化引起的家的置换,无家可归与家在他乡,以及离散者的漂移之家等现象进行了分析;并从灾民自我调适行为和灾后重建计划的实施方面,讨论了灾害影响下家的重构与认同问题。相关学科和国际研究在这一领域的快速发展,将为国内社会文化地理学对家的探索创造良好的机遇。     

Excavating Utopia: Why Archaeologists Should Study “Ideal” Communities of the Nineteenth Century

The study of utopias is riddled with contradictions: we admire and fear them; they are a radical critique of the modernist societies that surround them, and yet they are in some ways the archetypal product of modernity. This paper suggests that studying Utopia could be of value in analyzing some of the complexities and contradictions of Western society and ideology in the nineteenth century, as well as causing us to question some of the preconceptions we regularly bring to the study of the archaeological past. Finally I will suggest that a different kind of nineteenth century, one which includes the radical dissent and resistance of utopian thinkers and experimenters, provides a strong basis for a critique of the social values of modern capitalism.     

The Future of Utopia

The widespread notion that the city is secular and that therefore society’s future is secular is in need of serious reconsideration. This paper argues that religion does not melt away but rather morphs into modern forms of aspiration, speculation, and contention. Religion is therefore crucial to social inquiry into the nature of the urban. The paper argues that in Asia the Christian modern is close to the secular modern with fragments of rational planning and calculation in constant interplay with fragments of the magic of speculative modernity. Both communism and market capitalism are ideological cousins of Christian millenarianism. In a comparison of India, China, and Singapore it argues that the Christian form of modernity has been much better able to penetrate and coalesce with Sinic civilizational traditions than with Indic civilizational traditions.     

Embracing Hygienic Modernity in Late Nineteenth-century Korea: A View from the Periphery

This paper examines Koreans’ response to cholera and the introduction of hygienic modernity by the Japanese after the opening of Korea in 1876. As Korea’s first open port, Pusan became a testing ground for Japanese hygienic modernity in Korea with the influx of Japanese settlers who introduced modern medical knowledge to the area. The introduction of modern medical science and technology by the Japanese, through the establishment of modern facilities such as Saisei Iin, the first modern clinic in Pusan, had a significant impact on the local community, which was suffering the horrific consequences of cholera due to ineffectual government management. In the process, the Japanese settlers utilised hygienic modernity as a way of legitimising and increasing their power over indigenous Koreans. While it is necessary to recognise the contributions of the Japanese to disseminating modern medicine and medical knowledge to local Koreans in Pusan, hygienic modernity became a way of legitimising the power of the Japanese settlers over indigenous Koreans in Pusan as a result.     

Patriotism,nationalism and modernity: the patriotic societies in the Danish conglomerate state, 1769–1814

ABSTRACT. This article investigates sixty‐three patriotic societies established in the Danish conglomerate state during the Age of Enlightenment, since they can throw light on the pre‐national collective identities. It explains how the patriotic societies had both an external function in regard to society and an internal function among their members. It analyses how the members comprehended patriotism and how they propagated ideas of solidarity and good citizenship to a wider audience. The patriotism of the eighteenth century is also compared with the nationalism of the nineteenth century, and the way they reflect two different understandings of core concepts such as state, language and folk culture is explained. However, both ideologies correlate to modernity, since they reflect the same dialectic tension in the relationship between the individual, the social community and the modern state.     

A MOST MODERN SUBJECT: THE DISCIPLINE OF HISTORY AND THE FASHIONING OF NATIONALIST AND OTHER MODERN SUBJECTIVITIES

This book takes an ethnographic approach to its topic by endeavoring to observe how social and disciplinary subjects shaped by modernity go on to constitute modern worlds. Specifically, it attempts to “explore modernity as a contradictory and checkered historical-cultural entity and category as well as a contingent and contended process and condition” (1). Most of the subjects considered are intellectuals and academic disciplines (specifically history and anthropology), although the argument occasionally focuses on artists as well. The book particularly recognizes and analyzes the ambiguities, ambivalences, and contradictions generated within modernity not as mistakes or gaps like so many potholes to be fixed over time, but as constitutive of the modern landscape itself. This accepting acknowledgment, in turn, stands central to the book's endeavor to resist the teleological paradigms inherent in many modern metaphors regarding roads that must be traveled to move from what is backward to what is forward, from a superseded past to a promising future. Central to the volume—and its most original contribution—are various deliberations on the productions of time and space by various subjects. To be clear, by “time” the book means history and temporality whereas “space” suggests tradition and culture. It resists the naturalization of modern constructs such as secularized time and cultural traditions, and forces them under an analytic lens. Critical to these investigations is Saurabh Dube's appropriately insistent claim that these temporal and spatial regimes can exist in tandem and coevally, even when they are seemingly in contradiction. Among other outcomes, the volume prompts further reflection on the manner in which historiography plays a role in the formation of nationalist and modern subjectivities among nonhistorians. This essay seeks to think through the history of history as a discipline emerging during the coalescence of a hegemonic European episteme and the emergence of a popularly embraced scientism. Despite its roots in Europe long preceding modernity and its parallels in South Asia preceding British rule, history underwent a transformation when inflected through European modernity, especially the influence of empirical science paradigms. Although its emergence as a discipline promoted and employed by both the empire and the nation-state created professional historians, an expanding public sphere has meant that research into its role in fashioning modern subjectivities (including nationalist ones) must consider its reshaping and redeployment by those resisting European-originated modernity and promoting alternative modernities.