向海自然保护区生态旅游地可持续发展

随着旅游形式的改变,生态旅游地逐渐成为旅游活动主体的聚集点。吉林省向海国家级自然保护区是我国东北地区重要生态旅游地,自然地理环境独特,旅游资源丰富多样,旅游业已初具规模。由于其可持续发展对当地经济发展和生态环境保护具有双重战略意义,因此本文在简要分析旅游业发展潜力及开发中存在的问题的基础上,重点探讨了如何在区域系统理论的指导下,以协调人地关系为主旨的区域可持续发展的对策,提出了解决湿地水源、加强区域文化建设与生态敏感区管理、拓展旅游客源市场、科技兴旅、积极发展旅游服务业等建设性方案。     

Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Korea: Governing Multifunctional Institutions

Combining economic development and poverty reduction is a challenge for developing countries. In the search for mechanisms that integrate both goals, this article examines the Republic of Korea's development strategy, which transformed one of Asia's poorest nations into an industrialized country with low levels of poverty. The authors investigate the state–society nexus in which Korea's developmental state has operated and look at the role of governance for economic development, focusing especially on multifunctioning institutions performing for economic growth and poverty reduction. The article provides strategic suggestions for developing countries on managing effectively within institutional constraints and moving beyond a simple emphasis on good governance.     

我国峡谷生态旅游开发模式与战略初探

峡谷是一种独特的自然旅游资源,我国峡谷资源数量丰、类型多、分布广,生态旅游开发潜力巨大。目前国内峡谷生态旅游正处于起步阶段,相关研究较为欠缺。本文试图以参加规划和研讨的峡谷景区为切入点,初步探讨我国峡谷景区生态旅游的开发模式与开发战略,以推动我国峡谷生态旅游发展。     

城市空间扩散增长模型与模拟

城市模型模拟是上世纪90年代上半期形成并迅速发展的地学计算理论、方法与应用研究的最重要领域,国外以M. Batty为代表的规划与地理学家们进行了开创性的研究,取得了很多有用成果。本文借鉴这些学者的研究思路,从城市土地利用与开发的视角,利用疾病感染、传播机理的模拟方法,研究城市空间扩展、演化动力学过程的模型模拟问题;为模拟城市土地开发利用在不同阶段的表现与特征,研究了基本模型的不同变换形式;讨论了基于细胞自动机模型的城市空间扩展模型的计算结构,依据模拟结果,探讨了以城市形态扩展特征为指标进行城市分类的可行性,尝试对城市地理学的模型模拟方法作一拓展。     

交通经济带的基本理论探讨

伴随工业化和运输化的进程,一种依托交通干线融合、集散人口、产业、城镇、物流、能流、信息流的线状空间地域综合体不断生成并带动区域经济系统迅速发展,这种独特的空间地域综合体被经济地理学家和运输经济学家称为交通经济带（ＴｒａｆｉｃＥ－ｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＢｅｌｔ,ＴＥＢ）。本文在简要回顾交通经济带研究历程的基础上,界定了交通经济带的基本概念、基本性质、基本类型以及时空演化机理。     

规划决策民主化:基于城市管治的透视

管治是探索政府、市场、公众等多元力量协调整合的理念与过程。在中国城市发展面临巨大转型的背景下引入、借鉴管治的思维,对促进城市规划健康发展与决策民主化都具有重要的意义。文章介绍了管治的背景、内涵,从管治的角度论述了中国特定发展环境中的城市规划民主决策问题,并辨证地评析了管治的作用。文章认为,中国正在转变的社会经济背景和城市管理的要求,使得管治进入中国有其必然性和必要性。随后文章分别从城市规划存在的整体性体制缺陷、政府的企业化导向、薄弱的公民社会等方面,分别阐述了在中国开展城市规划决策民主化所面临的严峻挑战。在发展转型期,中国城市规划决策的民主化只能是有限目标、有限进度的。文章的基本结论是:城市规划决策民主化是与整体社会经济发展阶段、体制相匹配的一个环节,它的建设与完善取决于整体的社会管治水平。     

The Suburb as a Space of Capital Accumulation: The Development of New Towns in Shanghai,China

Drawing attention to the governing role of capital accumulation and its interaction with the state, this study examines the dynamics of the new wave of suburbanization in China, which is characterized by the development of new towns. New towns essentially function as a spatial fix in China's contemporary accumulation regime. Rather than resulting from capital switching from the primary to the secondary circuits, new towns help to collect funds for the leverage of industrial capital and thus simultaneously sustain both circuits. Meanwhile, the development of new towns is also a process of territorial development, in which municipal governments expand the space of accumulation under strengthened fiscal and land controls and develop a metropolitan structure. Underlying the specific form and dynamics, however, is the worldwide trend of capital switching from declining manufacturing industries in developed countries to the new investment frontier in developing countries.     

Transformation of Istanbul from a monocentric to a polycentric city

This paper investigates the spatial transformation of Istanbul from a monocentric to a polycentric city following the growth of the city and the development of its communications systems. The population and employment of peripheral districts have been growing rapidly, while those of the core districts have decreased. In addition, other variables are utilized for the identification of polycentres such as tax revenues from commercial enterprises, weighted average trip length and volume of mail. The results of the study reveal that the old CBD of Istanbul is no longer a dominant employment centre. Instead, a new CBD is emerging at the intersection of the radial and the peripheral highways, and subcentres are developing in some of the first and second ring districts. A major contributing factor to Istanbul's polycentric development has been the transformation of its economy into one that requires large modem office space and facilities for private automobiles—both of which are difficult to provide within the old CBD. In addition, the construction of peripheral highways has contributed to a pattern of polycentric development. Moreover, there is a desperate need for planned development of these subcentres in order to prevent their current haphazard development and to give a character to the peripheral areas of Istanbul.     

蒙晋陕豫交界地带旅游开发研究

本文从蒙晋陕豫交界地带旅游资源禀赋、旅游开发环境特点分析入手,探讨了旅游开发对实现交界地带经济综合开发的重要意义;总结了交界地带内部各区域板块旅游资源开发现状及其社会经济效应;揭示了本地带旅游开发中存在的主要问题及症结所在。最后,在上述研究此基础上,提出创新旅游合作机制的命题,并从一体化角度探索推进交界地带旅游开发合作的有效途径。     

Mercosur: A Failing Development Project?

Latin America is a developing region. Although it is different from other such regions it shares with them ‘the challenge of change’, particularly as a result of globalization. Its response has been to embrace democracy, neoliberal restructuring and ‘new (open) regionalism’. The ‘Common Market of the South’—Mercosur—was an important regional initiative involving Argentina and Brazil, and included in its various aims was the acceleration of ‘economic development with social justice’. This article explores to what extent development aims have been achieved and whether Mercosur is little more than a loose confederation of states unable to build institutional structures that could help development. To what extent is this the result of traditions that have entrenched elites and prevented a more egalitarian approach? Has the law generally failed its citizens? Or does it have a place in development? The article begins by briefly considering the concept of ‘development’ and seeks to place Latin America within the ‘developmental framework’ and questions whether there is a distinct Latin American development tradition. Within that tradition, and in the context of the ‘inter‐American system’ and globalization, the development of Mercosur is assessed both in terms of institution building and legal traditions. Finally, some preliminary conclusions are drawn about Mercosur's future and the extent to which institutional and other constraints have contributed to Mercosur falling short of its devleopmental potential.     

水资源约束下的生态工业园区发展模式探析——以天津滨海新区汉沽现代产业园为例

针对滨海新区水资源短缺、水环境污染的现实背景,选取天津滨海新区以高耗水、重污染的化工行业为主导的泰达汉沽现代产业园作为具体研究案例,深入剖析其产业发展现状及水资源约束瓶颈,重点探讨基于水循环的生态工业园区发展模式,并尝试构建"开源、节流、循环"的高效水资源利用系统和以生产服务系统、静脉产业系统以及生态循环系统三者有机结合的生态工业园区循环利用体系。     

瓦房店市轴承企业集聚及持续发展研究

我国东北老工业基地一些工业部门由于自身生产设备老化、技术增长缓慢及市场需求结构变化等原因出现了不同程度的衰退现象,而瓦房店市轴承产业在受到国内外市场冲击以及我国经济体制转型的双重影响下仍能立于不败之地,发展成为我国轴承生产基地,与大企业的基础带动作用和中小企业的集聚是分不开的,企业集聚对县域经济可持续发展具有明显的推动作用。在企业访谈基础上,对瓦房店市轴承企业集聚发展动因、过程与类型加以分析,进而提出轴承企业集聚持续发展对策。     

Microcredit as a Grass-Roots Policy for International Development

The failure of top-down development policies in the Third World has given rise to a variety of grass-roots, or bottom-up, development strategies to combat the severe poverty that continues to plague developing countries. Among these grass-roots approaches, microcredit has grown rapidly in popularity, scope, and impact over the last two decades. Microcredit provides financial capital for poor entrepreneurs who toil in the informal, poverty sectors in developing country economies. In addition to the thousands of predominantly nongovernmental organizations that offer microcredit programs, many national governments in the Third World are now seeking to integrate microcredit strategies into their development policy and planning. Accordingly, this article examines the microcredit movement, including its rationale and underlying premises, its impact on the poor, and its role in development policy.     

近代日本高等教育的形成与发展--以国家主义教育体制的确立为中心

以日本江户时代的教育发展为基础,明治时代以来的日本最终树立了自身的国家主义教育体制,在这样一个近代化的过程之中,日本始终保持了自身的主体性的、连续性的发展轨迹。而且,这一近代化的发展历程也充分地反映了日本文化的复合性与创造性的根本特征。     

新中国成立初期的劳资协商会议制度——以郑州市为例

劳资协商会议是党和政府调解劳资关系的重要制度,它以“发展生产,繁荣经济,公私兼顾,劳资两利”为基本原则,对调解劳资关系、恢复发展经济起到了积极作用。根据中央和河南省的指示精神,1950年,郑州市积极设立劳资协商会议,为私营工商业发展做出了贡献。“五反”运动后,郑州市的劳资协商会议对缓和劳资关系、恢复生产、稳定社会秩序起到了一定的作用。     

马继业与辛亥革命前后英国在新疆势力的发展

20世纪初,尤其在辛亥革命前后,英国对新疆的渗透与扩张加剧,这突出表现在英国驻喀什噶尔领事馆的建立上。本主要通过阐述英国驻喀什噶尔首任领事马继业的活动,介绍了英国驻喀什噶尔领事馆的建立及其初步发展,并指出这是英国侵华的一个组成部分,它给近代新疆带来了严重的后果,但同时也在一定程度上促进了近代中英关系的发展。     

High-skilled Return Migration and Knowledge-based Development in Poland

It is by now well known that return migration of the highly skilled can have a significant impact on knowledge-based development in the regions to which they return. Whereas previous research has mainly focused on developing and newly industrializing countries, this paper looks at high-skilled return migration in an East European transformation economy, namely Poland. In our paper, we propose an analytical framework which integrates migration theory and regional development perspectives. Based on narrative interviews with high-skilled return migrants in Warsaw and Poznań, we show that high-skilled return migrants have an impact on economic development by acting as both investors and innovators, i.e. that they transfer and successfully integrate financial means as well as different types of knowledge into these local economies. Furthermore, the Polish example illustrates that social relations and institutional context are crucial in understanding how high-skilled return migrants contribute to knowledge-based development.     

战略性新兴产业空间演化及区域经济耦合发展研究——以长三角区域为例

本文在分析长三角区域战略性新兴产业空间演化的基础上,运用耦合度模型对该区域战略性新兴产业与区域经济协调发展的整体情况和分空间情况进行研究,得出该产业与区域经济耦合促进作用非常明显、该产业仍然滞后于区域经济发展水平、区域经济各发展要素对该产业的贡献度不均衡、该产业发展资金投入不足等结论。最后,对长三角区域如何有效发展战略性新兴产业提出对策建议。     

巨型城市走廊理念及其规划与管制

城市走廊是城市系统的空间形式之一,在区域与城市发展及规划中由来已久。随着全球化、信息化、经济一体化的发展,巨型城市走廊开始显现。本文以基础设施带、区域发展核心及规划理念等几个方面阐述巨型城市走廊理念。以发达国家和发展中国家的巨型城市走廊为实例,探讨巨型城市走廊发展中存在的问题及其规划与管制。     

Twenty‐first Century Industrial Policy in a Small Developing Country: The Challenges of Reviving Manufacturing in Rwanda

The Rwandan government — widely lauded for its political commitment to development — has refocused its efforts on reviving growth in the manufacturing sector. This article examines how pressures from different levels — international, regional and domestic — have shaped the evolving political economy of two priority sectors (apparel and cement). To achieve its goals of manufacturing sector growth, the Rwandan government aims to access foreign markets (on preferential terms) and larger regional markets while developing effective state–business relationships with locally based firms. Despite the government's political commitment to reviving its manufacturing sector, its strategy has been both shaped and impeded by shifting pressures at the international level (through Rwanda's recent suspension from the African Growth and Opportunity Act), the regional level (through competition from regional firms) and the domestic level (through over‐reliance on single firms). Within the current industrial policy literature, there is limited reflection on how developing countries are dealing with the multi‐scalar challenges of enacting industrial policy in a much‐changed global trading environment. This article contributes to the industrial policy literature by addressing this lacuna.