What can pollen grains from the Terracotta Army tell us?

The provenance of more than 2200-year-old terracotta warriors and horses in the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is still a mystery, even though some researchers have inferred that the terracotta figures were produced near the mausoleum. The sporomorphs (pollen and spores) extracted from terracotta fragments of a warrior and a horse and compared with those obtained from soil samples from the Qin Dynasty layer in Pit No. 2 of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum indicate that the pollen spectrum from the terracotta horse is different from that of the warrior, but similar to the local soil samples. Herbaceous pollen was dominant in the warrior sample, while arboreal pollen predominates in the horse and soil samples. Palynological evidence suggests that the terracotta horses were produced at a locality near the mausoleum, while the warrior came from a site which was further afield.     

饭店应用供应链管理的特殊性与运作思路

饭店的供应链管理是饭店管理中非常重要但是还有待发展的课题。本文在现有的供应链及供应链管理理论基础上,对饭店所在的供应链及饭店在供应链中的必要性和特殊性进行了分析,提出了在饭店进行供应链管理的运作思路,力图使饭店能够建立优质的供应链体系,以增加饭店利润。     

供应链管理若干问题研究综述

本文在回顾供应链研究发展的基础上,提出对供应链、供应链管理概念的再认识。进而对目前供应链管理的几个热点问题包括库存管理、物流系统规划、战略伙伴关系管理及供应链绩效评估的发展现状进行较为深入的探讨。最后结合供应链所处的现代环境,提出绿色供应链、信息供应链与敏捷供应链三个供应链管理研究发展方向。     

对秦兵马俑彩绘保护技术的思考与建议

秦陶俑彩绘保护是秦始皇陵保护的重点和难点。对秦兵马俑目前的现状进行全面介绍的基础上分析了损坏的原因,指出损坏是由历史、力学以及物理化学等原因共同造成。然后详细评价了PEG200和聚氨酯(PU)乳液联合处理的保护方法与单体材料渗透、电子束辐照固化(EB)的保护方法,并指出了这两种技术的优势及所存在的问题;还介绍了一些辅助加固技术并详细介绍了冷冻干燥法、盐溶液干燥法以及室温干燥法的原理和操作;之后提出了加固剂制备与陶俑保护一体化的设想、均匀场的设想以及稳定生漆层的设想。     

我国出境旅游供应链建设研究

近年来,出境旅游一面是迅速发展,另一面是市场存在许多问题和不成熟的方面,如本文从出境旅游供应链角度,构建合理的出境旅游供应链,并分析其悖逆选择和道德风险、外部环境风险、信息传递风险、监管风险,通过出境旅游供应链的核心企业管理、应急系统建设、节点企业集成、诚信体系培育等建设一个合理的、柔性的出境旅游供应链,使出境旅游各要素在链上顺畅流通,从而保证整个出境旅游市场健康持续发展。     

Modeling the Roles of Craft Production in Ancient Political Economies

Ongoing debates over the significance of specialized production in ancient political economies frequently hinge on questions of whether elites or commoners controlled craft manufactures and whether the material or ideological import of these production processes was more significant in deciding power contests. Though long recognized, such queries were traditionally answered in relatively straightforward economic terms. Recently, these time-honored approaches have been questioned. An ever increasing number of authors are promoting varied takes on the causal linkages between political forms and processes, on the one hand, and patterns of production, distribution, and use of craft goods, on the other. The literature generated by these discussions is extensive, vibrant, and often confusing. Rather than trying to synthesize all reports and essays dealing with specialized manufacture, this paper highlights general interpretive trends that underlie and structure current debates. The concluding section offers suggestions for how studies of relations among crafts, power, and social heterogeneity might be pursued profitably in the future.     

The wood in the pits of terracotta figures and its architectural application

Ever since the pits of terracotta warriors and horses in China were discovered and opened to the public, a number of questions remained unsolved: what kinds of wood were selected for building the pits, how the wood was used in the pits' architecture and where was the giant volume of wood collected from? In this study, twenty pieces of charcoal specimens from Pit 1 and Pit 2 were examined with the Scanning Electron Microscope and identified as Abies, Tusga, Picea (all three genera in Pinaceae) and Phoebe (Lauraceae) woods. With the former works, it is concluded that the woods in the pits were mainly from the group of gymnosperms (95%) and few from that of angiosperms (5%). It is deduced that the wood in the pits was probably collected from the areas nearby.     

旅游目的地供应链概念模型的构建

供应链的概念最初是为了解决企业内部各职能部门之间流通不畅、存货和能力配置不合理的问题而提出的,其后扩大到企业之间形成一个整体的功能网链结构模式。旅游供应链概念最早始于对分销渠道的分析,虽然随着旅游供应链实践发展的深入和理论探讨的增多,学者们从不同角度对其展开了深入研究,但目前在旅游供应链概念理解上尚未达成共识。本文从旅游目的地角度出发,结合对旅游供应链概念的分析和认识,提出了本文的旅游目的地供应链概念,并在对旅游目的地供应链构成主体进行分析的基础上。提出了旅游目的地供应链概念模型,以期对旅游目的地供应链建设有所帮助。     

Investigating Variation in Organization of Ceramic Production: An Ethnoarchaeological Study in Guizhou, China

This paper discusses variation in the organization of ceramic production among family specialists who use a fast wheel technology in south-central Guizhou, China. There is considerable variation in intensity, output, and scale among potting households in two communities. The paper evaluates the utility of two kinds of potential material indicators for this variation: 1) spatial organization for different steps in production (forming vessels, preparing clay, drying vessels, firing), and 2) degree of vessel uniformity. Although degree of uniformity of vessels does vary with intensity for some dimensions, other factors such as experience of the potter and consumer demand need to be considered. Material features of production areas are more obvious indicators of variation in intensity and output.     

旅游供应链"委托-代理"关系及风险规避研究

本文首先概述了旅游供应链和“委托-代理”关系的含义,随后分析了旅游供应链中存在的两层“委托-代理”关系,指出其可能导致的风险,包括悖逆选择和败德风险。在此基础上,本文从宏观和微观两个角度对国内旅游供应链现状进行了分析,并对目前国内旅游供应链的风险规避措施进行了初步探讨。     

Ceramic production and provenience at Gordion, Central Anatolia

Phrygian Gordion was the political center of an influential Iron Age polity that extended across west central Anatolia during the first half of the 1st millennium BC. Though the borders of this polity remain vague a characteristic of the Phrygian “footprint” is the distribution of highly distinctive ceramics. The extent to which Gordion potters were the originators of these wares remains uncertain. In this paper we use Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) to establish the local signature of predominantly Iron Age ceramics for this site by combining samples from several decades of excavation with an extensive regional sediment sequence. We also compare previous NAA work at Gordion to suggest that the formative stages of the Phrygian state appears to have involved a more extensive network of non-local specialist producers than previously thought.     

Books Received

While improving the “hard” resources of the physical infrastructure is important to facilitating cross-border trade, studies of global supply chain logistics performance suggest that expanding the focus to include “soft” infrastructure resources will be critical for future gains. Border management is increasingly important to North American trade facilitation, yet little is known about what constitutes the soft infrastructure of border crossings or how to design and manage this infrastructure for improved performance. Hence, this study uses an exploratory research design to examine the nature and dimensions of the soft infrastructure of border crossings. The research relies on a grounded-theory analysis of primary data collected in an exploratory case study of two border crossings between Alberta, Canada, and Montana, US.     

From subjects to authors – reconnecting community organisations to their core practice

ABSTRACT

The widely observed erosion of the policy capacity of governments and their public services is mirrored by decay in the practice and program capacity of community organisations. This capacity once depended on the practical expertise of a values-driven workforce employed in organisations focused on a social purpose. Governments relied upon this core competency to inform their approach to investment, program design and the delivery of community services, but this has changed. Social purpose in community service organisations have been frustrated by a preoccupation with funding models, procurement approaches and contract details at the expense of the delivery of outcomes. It has resulted in community organisations becoming subjects of service delivery rather than authors of it. The paper frames these dilemmas and provides a theoretical framework for community organisations to reposition from subjects to authors in the system. The paper takes the form of a reflective assessment from a practice perspective.     

谈新四军及华中抗日根据地的报刊精神

新四军及华中抗日根据地报刊,在中国共产党的正确领导下,为新四军及华中抗日根据地的创建和发展,为抗战全面胜利作出了历史性贡献。新四军及华中抗日根据地的报刊精神主要体现在政治坚定、导向鲜明的党性原则;艰苦创业、乐于奉献的革命传统;贴近生活、通俗生动的求实风格三个方面。     

The China Museum Boom: soft power and cultural nationalism

ABSTRACT

We document major changes in museum supply in China between 1996 and 2015. These years have seen the opening of many small, low budget and locally managed museums; an increase in the average size and expenditure of all museums; and significant investments in a few large and centrally managed superstar museums. Chinese people have access to larger and better museums and pay lower admission fees. Regional inequalities in museum growth are smaller than inequalities in GDP growth. We relate these findings with the small literature on Chinese museums and specifically the notions of soft power and cultural nationalism.     

日本在连云港的统制与经营述论

七七事变前,日本即关注连云港的重要战略地位,并作了大量实地考察。徐州会战后,日本海军陆战队与华北方面军分别攻占连云港及周边的海州地区,并围绕连云港的支配权展开激烈争夺,几经调解,双方达成共同使用连云港的协议。这种双方共管体制的弊端不断显现,随后港口管理遂移交华北交通株式会社负责,实行"路港一体化"的运作方式,并接受华北方面军的指导和监控。日占期间,重点统制经营的连云港在华北港口布局中占据重要地位,煤炭、铁矿石等基础工业原料是港口主要出口物资,煤炭输出更在港口总吞吐量中占据绝对优势。     

新四军及华中抗日根据地报刊述论

新四军及华中抗日根据地报刊,是抗日烽火的产物,是党的领导的结晶、革命传统的继承,是中国人民抗日宣传的一个重要组成部分.它们创造性地宣传中国共产党的抗日正确主张,讴歌新四军及华中抗日根据地人民的丰功伟绩,揭露国民党顽固派的反共阴谋,为争取民族解放和人民民主革命的胜利作出了重大贡献.它们坚持"全党办报、群众办报"的方针,坚持党性原则,坚持艰苦创业和贴近生活的鲜明特色和经验,为我党马克思主义新闻理论的形成提供了坚实的实践基础,这是一份宝贵的精神财富.