Loyalty and Liturgy: Union Occupation and Religious Liberty in Wilmington,North Carolina, 1865

Examining the controversy surrounding the Union army's 1865 seizure of St James Episcopal Church in Wilmington, North Carolina, this article explores the role of churches as symbols of loyalty during the final days of the American Civil War. The Wilmington episode shows that Union commanders who targeted southern churches exposed themselves to complaints of violating shared principles of church–state separation. Commanders saw expressions of loyalty from the pulpit as essential to establishing Union authority, but the southern clergy vehemently opposed interference in church affairs. Perceiving an opportunity to reaffirm their claims to moral leadership, southern religious leaders tacitly defended the honor of the southern cause by associating it with the cause of religious liberty. In so doing, they laid the experiential and rhetorical groundwork for the discourse of southern “redemption” that played such an important role in the defeat of Reconstruction.     

Mad-Stones in North Carolina

SIGURDS STRID MED FÅVNE : en studie rörande Hjältesagens forhällande till folkdiktningen, af C. W. von SYDOW. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

SKATTSÄGNER : en studie i jämfärande folkminnesforskning, af TOBIAS NORLIND. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.

DIE ENTSTEHUNG UND RELIGIÖSE BEDEUTUNG DESGRIECHISCHEN KALENDERS, von MARTIN P. NILSSON. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland.     

赫德与中日甲午战争

中日甲午战争对近代中国甚至世界历史影响深远。赫德在中日甲午战争中积极参与了清政府的备战,帮助清政府筹措战争借款,帮助购买军火,支持洋员参战,并为清政府提供了各种战况与情报。在中国连连失利的情况下,他又倡议英国调停。日本拒绝调停后,他一方面建议清政府继续抵抗,另一方面却更为积极地支持中日议和,不断为促进议和与换约成功而献策,希望早日结束战争,防止日军攻陷北京,保住他的既得利益。     

战争话语下的草根文化——论抗战时期山西革命根据地的民间小戏

民间小戏,作为草根文化的代表,其产生、发展、兴盛与乡村社会有着直接而紧密的联系,较真实地反映了社会生活的多元图景。抗战爆发后,政治的强大力量渗透到乡村社会,对乡村戏剧的改造就是其中之一。处于战争话语下的民间小戏在结构和内容方面都随之发生了深刻变化,娱乐功能的主导地位被政治教化功能所取代。政治开始以一种前所未有的方式介入到民间文艺中,融入到乡村生活中。本文以抗战时期山西革命根据地的民间小戏为考察对象,分析了战争话语下草根文化在内容、形式和功能方面的转变及其与政治在乡村社会的结合。     

Western North Carolina: Culture Hearth of Bluegrass Music

This study explores the long-debated question concerning the geographic origins of bluegrass music. Using the Sauerian culture hearth concept, western North Carolina is identified as the source area for the distinguishing elements of the bluegrass sound. Western North Carolinians pioneered the innovative instrumental sounds of bluegrass on the five-string banjo, fiddle, and guitar as well as the harmonies and repertoire of bluegrass vocals. A music culture infrastructure emerged in western North Carolina based on a network of local musicians and social institutions, including fiddle contests, music festivals, radio stations, and recording studios.     

The Failure of Restored British Rule in Revolutionary Charleston,South Carolina

The two-year occupation of Charleston, South Carolina, during the American Revolution demonstrates that umbrages suffered under military rule played a significant role in turning civilians in the 13 colonies against the British Empire. Despite British attempts to encourage loyalty by giving loyalists a say in government, stabilising the economy and guaranteeing the safety of slave property, Charleston's occupation regime failed to win local hearts and minds due to inconsistent and arbitrary policies, conflicts between military and civilian authorities and the unwillingness of imperial officials to restore full civil government to the province. As a result, South Carolinians lost faith in Charleston's restored royal administration long before British defeat on the battlefield secured American independence.