TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC DECISION MAKING UNITS

A methodology for determining the relative technical efficiency of public decision making units is described. The methodology allows the identification of those units which are most efficient at converting physical inputs to physical outputs, and the calculation of the relative efficiency of less efficient units based on the results obtained by the most efficient. An illustration of the methodology is supplied using data from 469 municipal police agencies. Some policy suggestions based on the illustration are offered.     

在线信息搜索对旅游者感知形象及决策的影响研究

本文基于目的地形象理论,利用实验、出声思维、访谈等多种方法,结合词频统计、同位素示踪等分析手段解析了在线信息搜索对于旅游者感知形象演化及目的地选择决策的影响。研究发现:潜在旅游者持有的目的地原生形象具有集中性。随着外部信息搜索的进行,来自DMO控制型信息源的信息加强了这种印象并形成引致形象的热门词部分,依此旅游者对意识域中众多可选目的地进行筛选并形成考虑域。这一过程构成"广泛信息搜索路径"。而对非DMO控制型信息源的信息摄取则使引致形象演化出长尾,这些形象的细节性信息促使旅游者做出具体决策,此即为"精细信息搜索路径"。旅游者的目的地选择决策过程即是在不断重复这两条路径,直至做出最终选择。     

深圳居民购物行为空间决策因素分析

本文以深圳居民消费行为问卷调查的第一手资料为基础,通过构建购物行为空间决策的分析指标,包括购物决策因子偏好指数、认知度指数、购物因子评价指数等,从不同类型商品和不同商业中心地的购物空间决策角度,分析了深圳居民购物行为空间决策的主要因素及决策过程的主要特点。     

Qamdo:FACTS AND FIGURES

Qamdo,ineasternTibet,islocatedatanelevationofaround3,500meters,extending527kmeast-westand445kmsouth-north,andcover'ingatotaIareaof108,700squarekm.ItexercisesJunsdictionover11countiescomposedof168towns,withatotalpopulationof550,000.The110.86millionhectaresoflandincIudes7o,ooohectaresofcultivatedland(including25,ooohectaresofirrigatedfarmland),and5,622,466hectaresofgrassIands(including4,533,333hectaresofgrasslandsbeingexpIoited).AGRICULTUREANDANIMALHUSBANDRYoutputVaIue.ln1999,Qamd…     

信息过载情境下旅游者目的地选择决策研究——热门形象与长尾形象的差异化作用分析

借助网络,旅游者能够获得丰富的目的地属性信息,形成的引致形象更为丰满。本文采用情境实验法,检验了信息过载情境下引致形象发生的结构性变化对旅游者目的地选择决策的影响。研究发现：①属性信息过载主要表现为旅游者对目的地长尾形象信息的选择性记忆,而目的地热门形象仍能被普遍记住;②在旅游者目的地选择决策过程中,目的地的热门形象依旧起着决定性作用,即USP依然是有效的营销策略;③在网络信息环境中新生成的引致形象长尾部分对旅游者决策的影响受到引致形象热门部分的调节,即引致形象长尾只有在特定的条件下才对旅游者决策有所影响。该研究结论有助于深化旅游者目的地选择决策理论、指导DMO目的地营销工作的开展。     

FACTS AND FIGURES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TIBET

From 1959 to 2000, Tibet witnessed fast economic development. For thousands ofyears, however, the region,rich in natural resources, was extremelypoor in this regard. This situation wentunchecked until 1951 when the regionwon peaceful liberation.The region's economy entered theperiod of sustained development afterthe CPC Central Committee and theCentral Government held the 3rdnational conference on work in Tibet. The output value of the grossdomestic product topped 10 billion Yuanto reach 1…     

旅游中的地方营造：缘起、内涵及应用

地方是旅游活动的空间载体,也是旅游目的地形象建构的核心内容。本文在对地方和地方营造的缘起和内涵进行辨析总结的基础上,通过CiteSpace的可视化主题分析和文献阅读,对其应用于旅游发展的主要议题和脉络进行梳理发现：①地方和地方营造的本质是意义建构,地方在旅游发展中具有多重可建构性。旅游既是地方营造的驱动力,也对地方营造和地方发展产生重要影响。②地方营造过程涉及政府、资本、游客、当地居民等多重主体和视角,也因而牵涉多方协商和多主体认同。一方面,多方协商的地方意义有助于地方性的快速重构,推动旅游地迅速发展;另一方面,各方利益主体权力不对等也使得地方营造成为强势权力主体的表达结果,这将加速旅游地的商品化。     

JURY DECISION MAKING MODELS AND THE SUPREME COURT: THE JURY CASES FROM WILLIAMS v. FLORIDA TO BALLEW v. GEORGIA*

This article analyzes recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions in cases relating to the size and unanimity of juries as an example of the use (and abuse) of social science by the Court in the realm of policy analysis. The four cases reviewed “cast an unflattering light on the U.S. Supreme Court's ability to integrate social science findings into public law.”     

城市流动摊贩的微区位选择机制——基于广州市200个摊贩访谈的实证研究

流动摊贩对缓解城市失业和贫困问题发挥了重要作用。以广州为例,运用GIS空间分析和半结构式访谈的方法,研究了摊贩的空间分布特征与摊贩区位因子的微观作用机制。摊贩在不同空间尺度呈现集聚分布,在不同时间尺度呈现有规律的数量变化。摊贩的区位选择主要受市场因素作用,但同时受到住地与摆卖地之间的距离、政府管制、外部相关利益主体(商户、公共场所管理者、居民)的干预以及摊贩之间的竞争与合作的微妙影响,结果不是市场最大化原则下的最优区位,而是合理的区位。强调市场因素的内涵不仅包括人流量,还包括消费者的消费能力和需求。摊贩区位选择没有偏离现代区位论的思想,其区位决策是经济与非经济因素共同作用的结果。     

巨型城市走廊理念及其规划与管制

城市走廊是城市系统的空间形式之一,在区域与城市发展及规划中由来已久。随着全球化、信息化、经济一体化的发展,巨型城市走廊开始显现。本文以基础设施带、区域发展核心及规划理念等几个方面阐述巨型城市走廊理念。以发达国家和发展中国家的巨型城市走廊为实例,探讨巨型城市走廊发展中存在的问题及其规划与管制。     

A HEDONIC MODEL OF INTERREGIONAL WAGES,RENTS, AND AMENITY VALUES*

ABSTRACT This paper develops a general multimarket hedonic model appropriate for a national, interregional study of wages, housing prices, and location-specific amenities. The model encompasses the effects of interregional location, intraurban location, and city size. Typically, hedonic studies focus on a single market such as labor or housing and ignore interactions implicit in a more global compensation mechanism. Examination of the comparative statics of our model indicates that single-market differentials are partial prices and are unreliable measures of amenity values in an interregional context. Unbiased amenity values are estimated for a comprehensive set of amenities using data on housing prices for 34,414 households and wages for 46,004 workers from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing. Statistically significant differences in housing prices and wages are found due to amenities.     

MAKING TIBETAN CLOTHES MORE FASHIONABLE AND INDIVIDUALIZED

正Tashi Yongdro, who comes from the town of Geluotuo in Sichuan Province's Serthar County, designs Tibetan-style clothes. Her hometown is near the famous Mt. Leqiong, with beautiful grassland everywhere the eye can see, sprinkled here and there with colorful and bright Kampa costume.Her parents were well-known local tailors. When Tashi Yongdro was a child,her mother often used her own old clothes to make new ones for her. She