The inclusion of sustainable drainage systems in flood management in the post‐industrial city: A case study of Glasgow

The management of urban stormwater and flooding is challenging, particularly within older, post‐industrial urban environments where infrastructure, housing and businesses already operate. The urban environment constrains opportunities for the development and integration of new approaches to drainage management, particularly the use of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS). These issues are investigated through a case study of Glasgow. The northeast of the city suffered significant urban flooding in July 2002 following an intense con‐vective summer storm. This event overloaded the urban drainage system, which was heavily integrated and led to the back flow of foul water into streets and homes. This study examines the response to this event and the construction of an integrated drainage management plan for the city, the Glasgow Strategic Drainage Plan (GSDP), which includes greater use of SuDS in tackling the city's capacity problems. Reflecting on the interdisciplinary nature of urban drainage management, this study adopts a social science method, undertaking semi‐structured interviews with key actors involved in producing the GSDP.     

Monumental urban space and national identity: the early twentieth century new plan of Thessaloniki

This paper is a contribution to the study of the ideological production of urban space through the analysis of the meaningful structure of the early-20th-century new plan of the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, and an examination of the ideological function of the plan for its producers as well as for the Greek public. The plan was prepared by a team led by the French architect Ernest Hébrard working in close connection with Greek government officials. It was partially implemented, and has been considered the first major urban intervention in Europe after World War I. The paper combines a historical geographical perspective with insights from the theory and methodology of semiotics. Through a holistic and meticulous analysis of the plan, its urban, aesthetic, nationalist and orientalist aspects are retraced and compared to the identity notions of the Greek politicians and the public.     

Effects of a New Hydrological Barrier on the Temperatures in the Organic Archaeological Remains at Bryggen in Bergen,Norway

The World Heritage Site of Bryggen in Bergen, Norway, has experienced significant degradation of archaeological deposits as a consequence of changes in the soil water and groundwater balance after urban redevelopment adjacent to the heritage site. Additionally, groundwater temperatures below the heritage site were found to be significantly higher closer to the redeveloped area. One of the main mitigation measures taken to reduce the degradation of the archaeology has been the construction of a hydrological barrier along the sheet piling that divides the redeveloped area and the historic site. A shallow subsurface infiltration system was designed to achieve groundwater levels and flow conditions that are optimal for the preservation of archaeological remains directly along the sheet pile, while reducing drainage and subsidence also further upstream. Monitoring of groundwater level and temperatures after implementation of the hydrological barrier shows that groundwater levels and flow conditions have improved with respect to optimal preservation conditions, and groundwater temperatures have generally been reduced by up to 2 °C.     

城市社会区域体系结构公正配置的空间控制原理与路径

从现代人本主义思维出发,以城市社会地理学原理,即从社会空间结构与社区规划角度,探讨城市居民的生活空间的质量构成,体现在城市要满足各阶层居民(社会)生活的空间结构上。而城市(社会)生活的空间结构的健全与否取决于生活空间行为的社区体系与场所体系的空间构成上。主要体现在居民以居住为主的生活行为对立的居舍类型的可获性上。由此,不同阶层居舍类型体系是城市(社会)生活空间质量的区域基础,其空间分布类型的可获性决定对应阶层人群能否获得以居舍为主的生活空间。本文首次从居民选择居住地行为规律以及形成的城市居舍类型空间结构演化的理念下论及城市社会区域空间体系公正配置与空间控制原理。     

武汉城市圈城乡道路网供需系统的时空协同演化

将城乡道路网系统解构为需求、供给两个子系统,构建系列评价指标体系和引入耦合协调度模型,从地市、县市层面揭示了1995-2012年武汉城市圈城乡道路网供需系统的时空协同演化格局:地市层面上,武汉城市圈城乡道路网供给系统呈现出"核心-边缘"的空间生长趋势,需求系统呈武汉"一城独大"格局。城乡道路网供需系统耦合度由低水平向高水平发展,空间差异较小,协调度由失调向良好协调发展,呈现出同步进阶的态势;县市层面上,供给系统县际差异趋小,呈现等级圈层式的空间发育格局,需求系统也发展较均衡,呈板块集聚特征。城乡道路网供需系统耦合协调度整体水平不高,"核心-边缘"格局显著。     

城市产业结构升级与空间结构形态演变研究——以长春市为例

产业结构演变与城市空间拓展的互动是城市实现可持续发展的重要路径。本文从产业结构演进与城市用地结构变化、产业结构更新与城市功能地域调整、产业结构调整与城市空间形态优化等方面分析了城市产业结构升级与城市空间形态演变的互动机制,并以长春市为例,研究了长春市产业结构演变与城市空间形态演变的互动变化过程,提出了二者未来互动变化的趋势。     

国内外城市居住空间研究的回顾与展望

住宅作为城市的重要职能和城市空间结构的重要组成部分,长期以来地理学、经济学、社会学、政治学等不同学科的学者一直关注城市居住和相关理论的研究。本文在全面阐述西方居住空间研究的理论、方法、研究领域和研究成果的基础上,对我国有关城市居住空间的研究领域和研究进展进行回顾,并展望有待进一步深化研究的领域。     

城市娱乐场所感知空间研究

伴随城市社会、经济的快速发展,城市居民生活方式发生着深刻地变化。城市娱乐消费已逐渐成为大多数人们日常生活的重要方面,对于城市娱乐场所的研究越来越受到城市社会学和城市地理学等学者的重视。为促进城市空间结构和城市社会生活和谐发展,创造良好的城市生活质量,提升城市价值,本文立足于人文主义的角度,运用行为学和心理学的研究手段,以人文地理学的社区和场所体系为基础,全面探讨了居民对城市娱乐场所的空间感知。     

城市系统中的竞争与协同机制研究

本文在剖析城市自组织系统耗散结构特征的基础上,重点从区域尺度和城市尺度两种空间尺度解析城市系统自组织演化的驱动力:竞争与协同。研究表明竞争与协同两种力量共同决定城市系统的发展演化,协同性竞争(良性的竞争)有利于城市系统的发展,推进城市可持续发展;反之,过度竞争或竞争乏力则会导致产生无序状态的产生,阻碍城市的发展。     

社会阶层化与城市社会空间的发展及其与城市娱乐业的(空间)关系

基于学术界共识的后工业化大城市社会空间中产阶层化的理念,本文首次提出社会阶层化的概念并指出社会阶层化主要研究在社会阶层的生活行为扩散和变化规律下,所构建的城市日常居住社区体系和日常生活行为场所体系的时空模式,以此探讨城市社会空间结构的变化。研究认为不同城市发展阶段其对应有不同主导阶层的社会阶层化空间结构。进一步从解构城市社会空间结构的演化动态角度,研究不同社会发展阶段下,社会阶层化与城市娱乐产业的对偶空间结构关系。     

City, region, and in between: New York City's water supply and the insights of regional history

Urban historians have greatly expanded their geographical purview in recent years, incorporating suburbs and hinterlands into their analysis of social and environmental change. Urban environmental historians and suburban historians have played a critical role in the regionalization of urban history over the last decade. This case study of the development of New York City’s water supply reveals the benefits of taking a regional approach to urban history. From the New York Public Library to Central Park’s Great Lawn to neighborhood parks, the New York City landscape bears the traces of the continuous development of the city’s water network. Expansion of the water system in rural hinterlands enabled municipal officials to put urban reservoirs to new uses, creating some of the city’s most beloved public spaces. The rehabilitation of urban infrastructure underscores the intimate linkages between rural development and the urban built environment.     

基于结构视角的城市建设用地扩张的人口绩效研究——以山东省为例

回顾中国最近20年的快速城镇化进程,土地资源的供给性短缺和需求剧增的矛盾日趋尖锐,土地城镇化快于人口城镇化已经成为政府和专家的共识。以山东省为例,基于区域结构、用地结构、城市规模结构的视角,运用异速生长模型,分析2000-2013年期间城市建设用地扩张的人口绩效。结果表明：①从空间结构看,山东省土地城镇化总体快于人口城镇化,并且鲁西北、鲁西南和半岛中部地区的城市用地人口绩效高于中部和胶东半岛东部地区。②从用地结构看,不同类型建设用地之间存在显著差异性,居住用地、工业用地和绿地扩张所承载的人口绩效较低,仓储用地扩张的人口绩效偏高;③从城市规模结构看,人口规模在20万以下的城市建设用地扩张的人口绩效最高,20-50万规模城市最低,50万以上规模城市居中,且呈逐渐降低的态势。     

矿业城市生命周期与空间结构演进规律研究

在对矿业经济和城市发展生命周期判定的基础上,选取石油城市大庆、有色金属城市金昌、煤炭城市大同等典型矿业城市作为研究样本,梳理矿业城市发展生命周期,重点研究矿业城市空间结构有序化演进的一般规律。文章认为矿业城市经历"矿业经济-新型制造业-综合性"的完整发展过程,城市空间结构对应整体演进过程也呈现出"矿业经济的点状离散-新型制造业的分区极化-综合性城市的多组团圈层"的阶段性特征。在矿业经济时期内部又呈现"导入期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期/转型期",且对应不同阶段在城市人口、职能、经济结构等方面均呈现不同的特点。矿业城市空间演进整体上体现出"矿业经济是空间发展的初期主导,空间结构随城市职能的升级而演变,空间作用呈现集聚与分散的交替"的有序化发展规律。     

从考古发现看先秦时期城市的给水与排水

先秦时期城市的给水主要来源有两个,一是凿井取水,二是穿渠引水。井水水质纯净,渠水水量较大。城市的排水主要依靠管道将城中的雨水和生活废水排往城外的护城河中。     

Self-reflection,Egyptian Beliefs,Scythians and “Greek Ideas”: Reconsidering Greeks and Barbarians in Herodotus1

This article addresses the debate between Afrocentrists like Martin Bernal and classical scholars such as Mary Lefkowitz and Robert Palter concerning the origins of ancient Greek civilization. Focusing on the first half of Herodotus’ Histories, I argue that, although Greek cultural developments can be attributed to the Greeks themselves, Herodotus indicates that the conditions that made these developments possible were due to the prior Greek absorption of important aspects of Egyptian religion. Herodotus shows that the Greeks learned from the Egyptians to individualize their gods and to appreciate the humanity of women. This Egyptian influence, Herodotus suggests, is what allowed the Greeks, in contrast to the Scythians, to become an object to themselves within the context of stable city life. I conclude that this habit of self-reflection is the source of the uniquely Greek contribution to the art, philosophy, science and politics of the West.     

基于网络大数据的城市内部便利性供需空间特征研究——以南京市中心城区为例

基于便利性的城镇发展战略对于新型城镇化转型具有重要意义。着眼于城镇居民生活质量的提升,围绕供需维度构建便利性测度体系,以多源网络大数据为支撑,分析南京市中心城区便利性的供需空间特征。结果表明,中心城区便利性供需关系多样,空间分布大体类似,倾向于多类聚合分布,并呈现较为明显的圈层集聚特征;主城便利性多供小于求,副城则以低供需平衡及供小于求为主,各公共活动中心便利性发育水平不一;中心城区整体便利性供需水平不高,其空间分布在数量及连续性方面均呈现低供需平衡、低供-中需以及中供-低需依次降低的模式。     

The Rolt Memorial Lecture, 1983 Our Debt to Roman Engineering: The Water Supply of Lincoln to the Present Day

Abstract

Lincoln was one of the four colonia of Roman Britain and therefore intended to serve as an example of cultured urban life to the surrounding region. A good water supply was essential in Roman towns but Lincoln, stand above the 200ft contour, could not receive a normal gravity fed system. This paper examines the archaeological evidence for the water supply to Roman Lincoln and looks at how the problem was solved in later generations. Dr Lewis argues that a comparison of the solutions to engineering problems of even the distant past and the present is an important aspect of industrial archaeology.     

基于新人本主义理念的城市社区生活空间公正结构探讨

本文以城市各阶层日常生活行为的工作(上学)、家务、购物、闲暇活动完成的区位空间结构为议题,运用行为地理学的人本主义研究方法,以社区为基本研究尺度,探讨微观领域社会空间公正体系的结构与模式。得出城市社会空间体系发育阶段,影响城市社区生活空间结构的基本因子为城市资源、社区资源、社区类型-体系与场所体系,社区资源与城市资源在城市内部空间的布局呈"点-轴"结合模式,城市资源的线性空间体系格局与社区资源与场所的点状空间镶嵌映射了市场经济规律下城市社区生活空间结构的"集聚-碎化"倾向,缺失空间公正。最后,尝试性提出了人本、公平理念下的城市社区生活空间公正结构。