香港难民电影节 拯救与宽恕

我随姚晨一行进入百老汇电影中心时,十几个观众已经早早安坐在座位上等候难民电影开场。他们大多肤色偏深,两位挨坐在一起的女性身材臃肿,裹着印度纱丽。独坐的人看不出表情。与国内观众不同的是,他们没有在把玩手机。离电影开场还有好一阵,但影院里一直很安静。     

国际难民机制与战后初期全球难民治理——以“国际难民组织”为中心的考察

二战的爆发造成全球产生了大量的难民和流离失所者,国际社会围绕这一问题的解决进行了积极探索。国际难民组织作为联合国处理难民问题的专门机构应运而生,通过与各国政府、社团组织开展合作与互动,共同致力于战后国际难民问题的解决。该组织重点从难民的照护、失踪人员追踪、法律和政治保护等领域出发,参与到国际难民保护实践当中。同时,该组织通过遣返、重新安置以及本地安置等方式积极推动难民安置目标的达成。作为联合国对于战后难民问题的制度化回应,国际难民组织的实践本身体现了持不同立场的国家之间的合作,也逐渐显现出各国的合作意愿与冷战现实之间的矛盾。随着冷战在欧洲及其他地区的开启,国际难民问题日趋复杂且出现新变化,联合国难民署的成立标志着全球难民治理进入新的阶段。     

越南的上人问题及其影响

越南西原地区的历史遗留问题及目前的民族矛盾、宗教矛盾导致了近几年该地区的民族分离主义运动越演越烈。在该地区接连发生要求民族自治乃至分离的反政府暴乱后,多批当地上人逃往柬埔寨避难,形成令越、柬两国政府都非常头痛的上人问题,对柬埔寨国内政治局势以及越南、柬埔寨、美国、联合国难民署等各方之间的双边和多边关系都产生了一定的消极影响。     

论广州沦陷后香港在中国外贸中的地位和作用(1938．11--1941．12)

抗战前期,香港起到了中国争取外援和进行对外贸易主渠道的特殊作用。虽自广州沦陷后,香港的地位有所削弱,但仍广泛地拓展了与珠江口东西两翼的扇状贸易运输网络,开辟了通过越南与中国内地的曲线贸易,并继续保持着与上海“孤岛”及华北重要通商口岸的联系。作为远东最大的自由转口港,香港成为中国、英美等国对日本进行经贸较量的重要场所,它在中国抗战进入战略相持阶段最艰难的时期内,有助于打破日本的经济封锁,支持了抗战阵营。同时,日本也利用香港自由港大肆走私,产生了负面作用。     

难民认同：基于苦难历史记忆、政策及现实利益的想象——以广东省小岭华侨农场越南归侨为例

本文选择小岭华侨农场越南归侨为研究对象,运用田野调查和历史档案资料,阐释了在特殊迁移经历、政府倾斜性扶持政策及现实利益等因素的影响下,华侨农场越南归侨实现和巩固了对难民身份的想象与认同。     

论道教在越南的传播和影响

道教从中国传人越南后,与本地传统信仰相结合,具有越南的特点。近代时期,越南的道教逐渐衰落。越南道教比儒教和佛教的势力要小一些,但是它却有着多方面的影响。     

试论抗战时期的难民迁徙

难民问题是我国近代史上一个极为严重的社会和政治问题,而抗日战争期间的难民问题尤为严重,更具有特殊性。本文主要考察抗战期间华北、华东等地难民潮的形成与迁徙过程,并分析其社会影响。     

从20世纪60年代的越南抗美战争看美、苏、中、越关系

20世纪60年代的越南战争,使二战后趋于缓和的国际局势再次陷入战争的混乱状态。整个越南抗美战争期间,中苏、中美和中越关系都发生了实质性的转变。越南抗美战争的胜利,使越南南北实现了统一,从此走上了独立发展的道路。战后中国的国际地位得到空前提高,苏联的经济迅速提高、军事实力急速上升,而此时的西方世界却陷入了严重的经济危机。     

越南驱赶华侨实录

据我国民政部原部长李学举主编的《民政30年》一书介绍,目前在中国生活的印支难民达30万。这些难民以越南驱逐的为主,从1977年越南当局开始驱逐难民,受其影响也有从柬埔寨和老挝输入中国的难民。越南当局仅从1978年4月至1979年6月,通过云南的河口、广西壮族自治区的东兴及凭祥口岸拥入的越南难民即达26．5万多人,到1980年初,共有28万多人。     

抗日战争时期贵州省赈济会的难民救济活动及其社会影响

难民,是一种特殊社会现象。产生难民的原因是多方面的。其中,战争因素,是导致难民现象的重要原因之一。在抗日战争时期,中国国内因战争而形成的难民问题,成为当时中国极其严重的社会问题。贵州作为中国西南地区支援全国抗战的战略大后方,每日都有大量来自沦陷区的难民涌入。国民党政府因此不仅对难民救济机构进行了必要调整,同时,还制定了相应的难民转移方案。在其难民转移方案中,贵州因其在祖国西南地区特殊的地理位置而被国民政府所器重。国民党贵州省政府亦响应国民党中央的号召,采取因应举措,积极从事难民救济活动,以缓解因难民增多而带来的诸多社会问题。期间,作为贵州官方赈务机构————贵州省赈济会,积极参与到难民救济的队伍之中,为推动抗战时期的难民救济工作作出历史性的贡献。本文以抗战时期贵州省赈济会及其赈务活动为中心,对贵州难民救济活动的特殊背景、贵州省政府的因应举措、难民救济活动的基本情况及其所产生的历史影响等方面试做粗浅分析。     

香港两文三语教育架构的沿革

香港两文三语的语言教育架构是香港特定的地理位置、政治、经济和人文、历史等各种因素综合作用的结果。本文对香港两文三语教育架构的形成和发展过程进行了回顾,有助于人们加深对香港社会的了解,有助于探讨如何切实搞好香港多语教学和处理好多种教学语言之间的关系。     

Identity and Place: the testament of designated heritage in Hong Kong

This paper examines the extent to which the identity of Hong Kong as a place, and of the Hong Kong Chinese as people, is expressed by the official heritage locations (the seventy-five Declared Monuments) designated by Hong Kong's Antiquities and Monuments Office. The discussion takes account of other heritage initiatives, in particular two recent monuments that commemorate the 1997 Handover of Hong Kong to China. Conclusions are that designated heritage in Hong Kong, more by chance than by deliberate strategy, reflects significant elements of the identities of the Hong Kong people and of Hong Kong as a place. However, more important to the Hong Kong Chinese person's sense of identity than built heritage are the bonds of kin and associated social events.     

1967年香港反英抗暴斗争后中国对港贸易的恢复

1967年香港的反英抗暴斗争,是中英关系史和香港发展史上一次有重大影响的事件。因此次事件,中国内地暂停经香港的转口业务,港英当局对内地采取贸易歧视政策,美国、日本和中国台湾等乘机加紧对港澳市场的争夺。到1968年,中国商品占香港进口市场份额退居第二位,位列日本之后。在此背景下,中国政府采取强有力措施,迅速恢复和扩大对港澳地区的出口供应。透过历史的考察与分析,可以看出中央政府确保对港澳市场的稳定供应具有战略意义,体现出中央保持港澳地区长期繁荣稳定的方针是一贯的。在反英抗暴斗争中,中央政府坚持有理、有利、有节的斗争方针,在外贸总量同期大幅度下降的情况下,中英贸易没有受到太大的影响。     

Chinese Refugee Children and Empires: The Politics of International Adoptions in Cold War Hong Kong

With the support of new sources from British and Hong Kong archives, this study casts new light on the post-war international adoptions of Chinese refugee children in the British colony of Hong Kong. It argues that while children were ‘saved’ and found families overseas, they were also used as pawns in a bigger political game. A way to delegate welfare for the Hong Kong government, a symbolic humanitarian concession vis-à-vis a strict anti-immigration policy for Britain, and an anti-communist propaganda tool for the United States, these adoptions also convey the competing power and population politics played over subject children by two multiracial empires: one in decline (the rapidly decolonising Britain), the other on the rise (the new cold war superpower).     

香港地区史前考古与生态环境的研究

香港地区的史前考古一经起步就十分注重环境考古的研究;从本世纪三十年代初开始至今,学者们不断地探讨着不同地貌与遗址的关系,并就香港新生代晚期以来的环境、气候、海平面升降变迁等作出了系统科学的结论。考古学家进一步从贝丘遗址中贝类软体动物遗存的变化,推断出先民们从新石器时代到青铜时代、甚至汉代的生产和生活方式的演进历程。     

Heritage,Identity and Tourism in Hong Kong

Once a part of the Chinese Empire, Hong Kong then became a British colony and changed its status again in 1997 to that of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The implications of this history for heritage and cultural identity are discussed with particular reference to their representation and promotion as tourist attractions. Hong Kong is seen to be using its unique heritage in a time of transition and uncertainty to assist in defining a distinct identity that is partly expressed through tourism. There are, however, certain potential conflicts of meaning and interpretation amongst the interested parties that have still to be resolved. The experience of Hong Kong provides an insight into the dynamics of the relationship between identity, heritage and tourism that are especially complex within the context of decolonisation.     

The politics of wetlandscape: fishery heritage and natural conservation in Hong Kong

The north‐western part of Hong Kong is a marsh with traditional freshwater fish farming; however, this brackish area has been agriculturally diversified to include cultivation of red rice, reeds, shrimp and fish, and has only largely concentrated on freshwater fish farming starting from the 1960s. By looking into the geographical and social changes that have taken place in the brackish area, I will explain how the coastal landscape was changed in the 1910s through the introduction of large‐scale rice production in Tin Shui Wai which has turned into a high‐density residential new town, and the wetland conservation of Mai Po marshes. This article aims at understanding the meanings of intangible as well as agricultural/fishery heritage and the local politics among indigenous communities, conservation groups, the government and developers in post‐handover Hong Kong society. Inland freshwater pond cultivation was actually a major industry in the 1970s since it supplied most of the freshwater fish for the local market. Nowadays, the industry is shrinking because of lack of manpower and high operation costs compared to the mainland. With various kinds of social, economic and physical pressures, the local communities which are located at the buffer areas of the wetland in Mai Po are actually facing the tremendous dangers of losing those fishponds; most importantly, the fishponds have been serving not only as mitigation zone and source of a traditional local food but also as a major food supplier for migratory birds, adding to the conservation value of the Mai Po marshes and Inner Deep Bay in Hong Kong at large.     

In the Wake of Political Intervention： British Hong Kong and the Lingnan Macroregion

This article attempts a preliminary exploration of the intraregional cohesion and division between British Hong Kong and the Lingnan macroregion. A deliberately overlooked locale in Skinner＇s macroregional model, Hong Kong developed from a periphery zone on the far eastern outskirt of Lingnan in its precolonial days to a thriving metropolis at the end of British rule. The transformation of British Hong Kong attests to the economic fundamentals of intraregional cohesion. More significantly it highlights the decisive power of political intervention, underestimated in Skinner＇s approach, which brought enduring changes to the shape as well as the internal and external relations of the macroregion.     

Migrating identities: gender,whiteness and Britishness in post-colonial Hong Kong

This paper explores the ways in which notions of nationality, whiteness and gender are drawn upon by British expatriate women in the construction and performance of their identities in post-colonial Hong Kong. A British colony since the mid-nineteenth century, Hong Kong was returned to China in the 1997 handover to become a ‘Special Administrative Region’. Now, as the administrative workings of empire are receding, so too are the expectations about race and nationality which went with them. For the white British, the opportunities to reconfigure discourses and subjectivities of whiteness are there, although the findings of this research reveals the unevenness of take-up. The paper draws on a broad feminist post-structuralist approach to reveal the ways in which four different British women migrants position themselves in the changing landscape. The approach shows important patterns of difference and diversity between the women in the performances of gendered Britishness and whiteness, and in the extent to which these are used to redefine or challenge the memory of relations established through imperialism.