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1.
Feasts provide a public forum where social statuses can be affirmed or challenged among pre-state societies. Documenting feasting behavior thus provides insight into the construction of prehistoric political power. This paper presents expected material patterns of feasting by focusing on intra-site variability in food preparation, presentation, and consumption. Expectations are evaluated by comparing ceramic, ground stone, obsidian, and faunal data recovered from Conchas phase (900–800 BCE) elite and village midden deposits at Cuauhtémoc in the Soconusco region of southern Mexico. I argue that elite feasting at Cuauhtémoc created political cohesion between elite and non-elite segments of society during the Conchas phase as a new polity emerged that was more socially stratified and politically hierarchical than anything previously known in the region. 相似文献
2.
Robert M. Rosenswig 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2009,16(1):1-32
Formation processes are all too infrequently addressed by archaeologists excavating in Mesoamerica. This paper examines refuse
disposal patterns from the site of Cuauhtémoc on the Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico, to provide insight into how the site
formed and how artifacts accumulated. This analysis uses materials dating between 1600–800 BCE which encompass the centuries
before, during and after the late Early Formative or Early Olmec period (i.e., 1250–900 BCE). First, I employ sherds and daub
from shared open-air middens and trash-filled pits to explore trash deposit formation through the 800 years that the site
was occupied. Next, I use these same classes of data to make synchronic comparisons between five different depositional contexts
dating to the Conchas phase (900–800 BCE). For all phases, these analyses demonstrate that pit features received more debris
than open-air middens and that material in the latter contexts were more broken up. Further, the low density of daub from
late Early Formative period contexts suggests that distinctive architectural customs may have been practised during this time.
Conchas phase refuse indicates that waste disposal locations physically separated an elite residential zone from the rest
of society and that elite contexts were more intensively used. Accounting for the formation of archaeological deposits allows
for more nuanced interpretations of this early Mesoamerican village.
相似文献
Robert M. RosenswigEmail: |
3.
Robert M. Rosenswig 《Journal of Anthropological Archaeology》2000,19(4):133
This article explores the emergence of inequality in two regions of Mesoamerica: the Soconusco and Valley of Oaxaca. Dichotomous models that propose a continuum of political strategy (i.e., Leach 1954; Renfrew 1974; Spencer 1993; Blanton et al. 1996) are used to examine the different processes evident in the comparison of settlement, mortuary, and architectural data between these two regions. The elite in Early and Middle Formative Soconusco appear to integrate society with a comparatively external oriented and exclusionary strategy whereas in the Valley of Oaxaca Early and Middle Formative elites employed a more group-oriented, internally focused, and corporate strategy. Environment richness and proximity of competing communities may account for the primary, and perhaps unintentional, emergence of inequality in the Soconusco around 1400 B.C.E. In the Valley of Oaxaca inequality emerged as many as 250 years later in a less circumscribed area. Such environmental, political, and chronological factors may be responsible for some of the differences in integrative strategies evident in the two regions. 相似文献
4.
David Chicoine 《Journal of Anthropological Archaeology》2011,30(3):432-453
The present contribution examines feasting practices at Huambacho (800–200 cal. B.C.), an Early Horizon elite center of the Nepeña Valley, Department of Ancash, Peru. Feasts are approached as long-term strategies essential to the political economy of human societies. Drawing upon data from public architecture, material culture and food remains, the study closely considers feasts as political actions and investigates the organization and social meaning of these special events. At Huambacho, I contend that the diacritical aspects of feasting practices, such as the use of exclusive spaces and special paraphernalia, contributed to the dual celebration of communal identity and prosperity, and the creation and reproduction of social inequalities. The research highlights the dual centripetal and centrifugal dynamics of Early Horizon feasts and demonstrates the role of the Huambacho center in advertising the success of the local community based on new forms of production and innovative rules of commensal hospitality. 相似文献
5.
Bonnie L. Pitblado 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2011,19(4):327-375
This article synthesizes the 2000s-era “peopling of the Americas” data drawn from molecular biology, osteology, and archaeology.
Collectively, they suggest that colonization proceeded in two pulses, both originating in western Beringia, and before that,
south-central and southeastern Siberia. The first pulse occurred circa 16 k–15 k cal. B.P. by watercraft along the coast of
Beringia and western North and South America. The second took place 1,000 years later and involved proto-Clovis hunter-gatherers
who used the ice-free corridor as a conduit south. At least eight North American sites dating as far back as the Last Glacial
Maximum suggest that the peopling picture may eventually need to change to accommodate an earlier than previously thought
migration through the ice-free corridor. For now, the data are not strong enough to support this scenario, but they are tantalizingly
close. 相似文献
6.
L. Astruc R. Vargiolu M. Ben Tkaya N. Balkan-Atlı M. Özbaşaran H. Zahouani 《Journal of archaeological science》2011,38(12):3415-3424
Tribological analysis is employed in a pilot study of the technological steps involved in the manufacture of a polished obsidian bracelet from A??kl? Höyük, an Aceramic Neolithic site in Central Anatolia (8300–7500 cal. B.C.). The study includes morphological analysis of the bracelet, based on profile measurements, and identifications of wear variations indicated by surface topographic features and parameters. The manufacturing skill that is revealed suggests early appearance of a regional tradition of obsidian working, which reached its full development in the 6th millennium cal. B.C. with the production of various ornamental objects, including mirrors and vessels. The cultural record and location of A??kl? Höyük make the site important for our understanding of the technological developments during the early Neolithic in Anatolia. 相似文献
7.
Fraser Sugden 《对极》2019,51(5):1600-1639
This paper engages with the long‐running debate on the transition from farm‐based livelihoods to capitalism in the context of labour migration. Tracing the historic evolution of modes of production in the peripheral Mithilanchal region of the Eastern Gangetic Plains, it notes how the economic processes which are today driving the peasantry into the labour force through migration are not directly connected to the process of capitalist accumulation in the diverse locales where labour is employed, as is somtimes implied in the research on classic situations of “accumulation by dispossession”. The entry of the peasantry into the surplus labour pool is instead linked firstly, with a complex convergence of internal changes within a non‐capitalist feudal mode of production on an economic, cultural and political level, and secondly, with the stresses brought about in the wake of expanding capitalist markets. The paper notes however that migrant labour still generates substantial profits for capitalism with a sharing of surplus between the latter, and landlord‐money lenders. It argues that the relationship between modes of production in this context, is neither functional nor coincidental, and is linked instead with larger – at times opportunistic – class alliances which have evolved to fit the current political‐economic conjuncture. 相似文献
8.
Soichiro Kusaka Atsushi Ando Takanori Nakano Takakazu Yumoto Eriko Ishimaru Minoru Yoneda Fujio Hyodo Kazumichi Katayama 《Journal of archaeological science》2009,36(10):2289-2297
Distinct patterns can be discerned in the extensive ritual tooth ablation found among the human skeletal remains of the Late–Final Jomon period (ca. 3200–2800 cal BP) in Japan. Based on comparative observations of sex and grave patterns in the skeletal remains, two major patterns in ritual tooth ablation, termed type 4I and type 2C, have been assigned to locals and immigrants, respectively. In order to test this hypothesis, strontium (Sr) isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analyses were performed on human skeletal remains from the Yoshigo shell mound in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan. Plants in the surrounding area were also examined to illustrate the geographic 87Sr/86Sr distribution. The Sr isotopic variation in human tooth enamel (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70868–0.71028) was greater than that in human bones (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70871–0.70943). Individuals with higher Sr isotope ratios in their tooth enamel than seawater Sr values of 0.7092 can be identified as immigrants (36% of population). The presence of these isotopically identified immigrants between both type 2C and type 4I individuals does not support the previous hypothesis. The intra-population 87Sr/86Sr distribution of tooth enamel of type 2C individuals showed a significantly higher mean ratio than that of type 4I individuals, suggesting a higher proportion of immigrants among the former. 相似文献
9.
Robert M. Rosenswig Ricardo López-Torrijos Caroline E. Antonelli Rebecca R. Mendelsohn 《Journal of archaeological science》2013
Recent lidar and pedestrian surface surveys have remapped the well-known Mesoamerican site of Izapa and the surrounding Soconusco piedmont. These data document: 1) occupation from the surrounding piedmont environment, 2) significantly larger estimates of the site's size during both the Formative and Classic periods as well as 3) new architectural features from the monumental site core. Methodological issues are outlined for combining high precision lidar mapping with ground truthing and pedestrian survey that focuses on surface collection of temporally diagnostic artifacts. Results are presented for 670 mounds documented in an area of 43.1 sq km in and around the ancient capital of Izapa. 相似文献
10.
James Conolly Sue Colledge Keith Dobney Jean-Denis Vigne Joris Peters Barbara Stopp Katie Manning Stephen Shennan 《Journal of archaeological science》2011
Identifying spatial and temporal variation in animal exploitation patterns is essential for building our understanding of the transition from hunting to stock-keeping. Quantitative analysis of the published records of over 400,000 animal bones recovered from 114 archaeological sites from SW Asia and SE Europe from c12 ka to c7.5 ka cal BP (thousands of calibrated radiocarbon years before present) demonstrates significant spatiotemporal variability in faunal exploitation patterns. Sites in the Euphrates region show adoption of domestic taxa by c10.5 ka cal BP, although on average these taxa contribute less than 10% to total assemblage size. This rises to a median of about 40% by c9.5 ka cal BP, and then to about 45% of total NISP by c8.5 ka cal BP. By c10.5 ka in the Tigris and Zagros region domesticates contribute less than 5% to faunal assemblages, but then rise to a median of about 20% by c9.5 ka and 40% by c8.4 ka cal BP. In contrast, Levantine sites have low numbers of domestic taxa (<1%) until c8.8 ka cal BP, when the proportion dramatically increases to a median of about 35%. This apparent delayed-adoption pattern also holds true for the southern Levant, which shows, on average, low levels (<1%) of domestic taxa until 8.8 ka cal BP, at which point domesticates contribute a median of about 10% to assemblages. In the northern parts of SW Asia, the mid- to late-10th millennium cal BP is pivotal, as proportions of domestic taxa show a dramatic increase in frequency during this time, and the ‘package’ of domestic sheep, goat, cattle and pig becomes more firmly established. This sets the trend for sites of the 9th millennium and the appearance of Neolithic communities in SE Europe from the 8th millennium cal BP onwards, from which point domestic animals are ubiquitous in faunal assemblages. 相似文献
11.
Sarah B. McClure Oreto García Consuelo Roca de Togores Brendan J. Culleton Douglas J. Kennett 《Journal of archaeological science》2011,38(2):420-428
We present results of osteological and isotopic analyses of human remains from Cova de la Pastora (Alcoi, Alicante, Spain) and discuss the implications in light of a new sequence of radiocarbon dates indicating that the cave was used as a burial site in the Late Neolithic (ca. 3800–3000 cal BC), Chalcolithic (ca. 3000–2500 cal BC), Bell Beaker Transition (Horizonte Campaniforme Transicional - HCT; ca. 2500–2200 cal BC) and the Bronze Age (ca. 2200–1500 cal BC). Similarities in stable isotopic values of C and N indicate little variation in subsistence between men and women, and a similar nutritional base from the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age. This pattern of stability is augmented by evidence of trauma and disease found on numerous skulls in the collection. Since no clear associations of specific grave goods with certain individuals based on sex or age could be determined, the only suggestion of social inequality lies in the burial practice itself, where certain individuals were interred in caves while others were not. 相似文献
12.
Monica L. Smith 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2006,14(2):97-142
Urbanism in the Indian subcontinent occurred in three distinct time periods in which cultural cohesion over large regions is archaeologically demonstrated through the architecture and artifacts of social, ritual, and economic activity. In the Indus (2500–1900 B.C.) and Early Historic (3rd century B.C. to 4th century A.D.) periods, cities were not necessarily tied to political territories or guided by strong political leaders, but by the Medieval period (after the 9th century A.D.), urban zones were the base for political growth, warfare, and aggrandizement. The comparison of these three eras is undertaken within a framework for defining cities that balances quantitative criteria such as population size and areal extent with two types of qualitative criteria: internal specialization on the basis of materials found within archaeological sites, and external specialization on the basis of data recovered through regional analysis. Cities from the three eras also are evaluated from the perspective of the ordinary inhabitant through the examination of the social, religious, and economic factors that prompted and rewarded urban residence. While the Indus and Early Historic cities were attractive because of the networks of opportunity found there, Medieval cities additionally benefitted from a “push” factor as ordinary inhabitants allied themselves to urban areas in times of political stress and uncertainty.
相似文献
Monica L. SmithEmail: |
13.
《Political Theology》2013,14(6):525-539
This essay addresses the question of how to build political coalitions to address global warming. For speculative realists such as Levi Bryant, responding to climate change demands materialist ontologies that recognize the efficacy of things themselves, e.g. fossil fuels. And yet, I argue, Bryant does not sufficiently address the political assignment of building political coalitions with people who endorse different ontologies. To illuminate this possibility, I show how the American evangelical David Gushee arrives at similar conclusions by a different route. The essay encourages speculative realists to fold modesty into their political thinking for the sake of building coalitions with theists about matters of common concern. 相似文献
14.
祁美琴 《中国边疆史地研究》2006,16(1):47-55
长期以来朝贡制度被认为是古代中国与边疆民族及周边国家和地区交往的惟一持久而普遍的关系,但却忽视了这一制度本身的发展特点,尤其忽视了朝贡制度在明清两代的差别。本文认为,清代虽然延续了明代的朝贡制度,但实质已经转化为一种处理与周边国家关系的政治方式,剔除了明代中原王朝与边疆民族之间、中国与西洋诸国之间形成的藩属关系,且朝贡中的贸易性质也远不同于明朝。本文对学术界混淆朝贡体制与朝贡贸易体制的观点进行了批驳,阐述了清代朝贡体制的地位与特点。 相似文献
15.
Richard Pearson 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2001,9(3):243-285
This paper presents an examination of processes of secondary state formation that occurred during the emergence of the Ryukyu Kingdom, in southwestern Japan, from the tenth to seventeenth centuries A.D. These processes include the influx of new populations, the appearance of new subsistence strategies and political groupings, shifting patterns of long-distance trade, the development of new patterns of foreign relations with China and Japan, the creation of indigenous culture and new ideology, and the transformation of gender hierarchy. I examine these processes from the perspective of political leadership and the nature of political hierarchy, concluding that the Okinawan case is distinctive in its heterarchical organization. The corporate, collective nature of Okinawan communities was overlain by a state-level network system that developed at the time of tributary linkages with China in the fourteenth century A.D. 相似文献
16.
Vagabond Capitalism and the Necessity of Social Reproduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cindi Katz 《对极》2001,33(4):709-728
A vagabond, as is well known, moves from place to place without a fixed home. However, vagabondage insinuates a little dissolution—an unsettled, irresponsible, and disreputable life, which indeed can be said of the globalization of capitalist production. This paper reframes the discussion on globalization through a materialist focus on social reproduction. By looking at the material social practices through which people reproduce themselves on a daily and generational basis and through which the social relations and material bases of capitalism are renewed—and the havoc wreaked on them by a putatively placeless capitalism—we can better expose both the costs of globalization and the connections between vastly different sites of production. Focusing on social reproduction allows us to address questions of the making, maintenance, and exploitation of a fluidly differentiated labor force, the productions (and destructions) of nature, and the means to create alternative geographies of opposition to globalized capitalism. I will draw on examples from the “First” and “Third Worlds” to argue that any politics that effectively counters capitalism's global imperative must confront the shifts in social reproduction that have accompanied and enabled it. Looking at the political‐economic, political‐ecological, and cultural aspects of social reproduction, I argue that there has been a rescaling of childhood and suggest a practical response that focuses on specific geographies of social reproduction. Reconnecting these geographies with those of production, both translocally and across geographic scale, begins to redress the losses suffered in the realm of social reproduction as a result of globalized capitalist production. The paper develops the notion of “topography” as a means of examining the intersecting effects and material consequences of globalized capitalist production. “Topography” offers a political logic that both recognizes the materiality of cultural and social difference and can help mobilize transnational and internationalist solidarities to counter the imperatives of globalization. 相似文献
17.
Juping Yang 《Frontiers of History in China》2007,2(1):60-73
During the fourth and third centuries B.C., both the ancient Greek and Chinese civilizations evolved into key periods of social
transformation. The Cynics and the School of Zhuangzi responded most acutely to these great social changes. Both of them denied
the legitimacy of the existing political systems, denounced the upper rulers and felt disappointed at the comprehensive reality
of societies, and were indifferent to fame and gain, and willing to live simply and smile at death. But compared with the
Zhuangzi School, the Cynics were more extreme and defiant. Viewed from both macro and micro perspectives, the differences
in civilizations, geographical conditions, and historical traditions determined the difference in behavior and attitudes of
the two schools in terms of their behavior in the world. Nevertheless, their similarities outweigh their differences because
of the similar development stages of their civilizations, similar socio-historical periods and similar social and living problems
confronted.
Translated by Feng Jinpeng from Nankai Xuebao 南开学报 (Nankai Journal), 2006, (3): 85–91 相似文献
18.
J. Daniel Rogers 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2012,20(3):205-256
By 200 B.C. a series of expansive polities emerged in Inner Asia that would dominate the history of this region and, at times,
a very large portion of Eurasia for the next 2,000 years. The pastoralist polities originating in the steppes have typically
been described in world history as ephemeral or derivative of the earlier sedentary agricultural states of China. These polities,
however, emerged from local traditions of mobility, multiresource pastoralism, and distributed forms of hierarchy and administrative
control that represent important alternative pathways in the comparative study of early states and empires. The review of
evidence from 15 polities illustrates long traditions of political and administrative organization that derive from the steppe,
with Bronze Age origins well before 200 B.C. Pastoralist economies from the steppe innovated new forms of political organization
and were as capable as those based on agricultural production of supporting the development of complex societies. 相似文献
19.
20.
Robert A. Church Daniel J. Warren 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(2):82-102
In July and August 2004, C & C Technologies, Inc. of Lafayette, LA, USA partnered with scientists and film makers from across
the United States and Canada to assess and document archaeological and biological aspects of six World War II shipwrecks in
the Gulf of Mexico. The depth of the shipwrecks ranged from 285–6,444 ft (87–1,964 m) below sea level. All six shipwrecks
were found during oil and gas related surveys. The United States Department of the Interior, Mineral Management Service and
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Ocean Exploration under the auspices of the National Oceanographic
Partnership Program sponsored this multidisciplinary study. 相似文献