珂罗版印刷与传统书写墨迹的比较研究

珂罗版印刷是书画文物主要复制方法之一。由于该方法复制书画真迹印刷品仿真程度高,满足了广大书画爱好者研究和收藏的需要,同时给书画真伪识别带来一定的难度。本工作通过视频显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等多种检测手段对珂罗版印刷油墨和传统书写墨迹进行研究。结果表明,珂罗版印刷油墨与传统油烟墨和墨汁在形貌、成分方面均存在一定的差异,从而对可疑书画印刷品的鉴别提供了科学依据。     

古书画保护修复中的二次脱色现象及预防

中国古书画源远流长,在长期的收藏和传承历史中会出现各种各样的病害,传统书画修复技术因此得到发展。在书画修复中,观察和分析作品的病害情况是制定修复计划的重要前提,但保护修复中发生的脱色现象是后出现的二次病害,在修复计划中易被忽略以致画心被破坏,失去色泽变得暗淡,甚至出现部分内容缺失,对书画伤害极大,故而对修复中的二次脱色现象进行研究并优化相关修复技术是至关重要的。本工作以实践经验为基础,对古书画修复中的二次脱色现象进行全面的阐述和研究,从材料和工艺的角度分析了病害成因,将常见的修复中人为造成的脱色现象进行了分类,提出了修复中二次脱色现象发生的预防判断标准,优化了修复技术,为古书画病害的研究、书画修复技术的优化提供参考。     

EARLY GREEK POTTERY ON BLACK SEA SITES?

Summary. Alleged evidence for the presence of eighth-century B. C. Greek pottery on Black Sea sites – Geometric (and Cypriot) at Histria and Berezan – is examined and found wanting.     

Offa’s Dyke: a historiographical appraisal

Offa’s Dyke is one of the largest and best known, if rather less well understood, field monuments in Britain. Despite this, there have been very few primary studies of it. This article makes a critical examination of the principal bodies of work dealing with the dyke. It argues that in many respects our knowledge is less certain than is usually believed. In particular it discusses the time and labour necessary for the construction of the earthwork and it is suggested that it could have been constructed much more quickly, and with a much smaller workforce, than is generally supposed. More fundamentally, the purpose and function of Offa’s Dyke are considered, and it is argued that, in addition to any practical utility it may have had, the earthwork had important ideological significances that until recently have been largely neglected. Specifically, it is argued that the dyke was a manifestation of eighth-century Mercian royal ideology, intended to consolidate the power of the Mercian kingship, in the west midlands in particular and southern England more generally.     

辽代丝绸彩绘的技法与艺术

彩绘是中国一种古老的织物装饰工艺,文献上有记载并有历代出土实物的佐证。迄今为止,我国考古发现的数量最多、技术最完善、图案最丰富的彩绘丝绸属于辽代。从辽代耶律羽之墓出土彩绘丝织品的鉴定和分析来看,辽代丝绸手绘色彩中最常见的为金、银、红、黑和白色等,均为矿物颜料,用毛笔在绢地或绫地上以勾勒着色和线描的手法进行彩绘,特别是在提花纹样的轮廓上作线描是辽代丝绸彩绘的特色。图案风格较丰富,体现了辽代艺术的时代气息。     

清东陵裕陵彩画补绘修复设计思考

以往人们对建筑彩画更多的是关注其个体的保存状态,在我们承担清东陵裕陵维修工程中,发现对裕陵建筑彩画的价值评估仅仅以局部真实与完整的角度观照还很不够,尤其是通过对裕陵单体建筑彩画的现状勘察,裕陵建筑彩画属旋子彩画类型,其单体彩画配置存在等级差异,比较其他清代陵寝建筑彩画,清代陵寝建筑彩画的总体配置似有传承古制的观念影响.同时,陵寝建筑有明确年代,使陵寝彩画具有时代样本价值,再由裕陵建筑彩画纹饰差异、配置关系的发现,引发本文对裕陵建筑彩画价值评估和补绘意义的探讨.     

甘肃拉卜楞寺壁画表面涂层材质分析

西藏壁画表面大多刷有保护涂层。据记载,其材质主要是桐油、牛胶或清漆等。但目前,对该涂层材质科学的研究却较少,不利于后期保护修复。为配合拉卜楞寺壁画保护修复项目,本研究以衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱法(~1H-NMR)、热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用(Py-GC-MS)技术等分析手段,对甘肃夏河拉卜楞寺弥勒佛殿、时轮学院主殿壁画的涂层进行了分析。结果表明,两处佛殿壁画涂层可确定是一种干性油,种类与桐油较接近。但由于西藏壁画在材料和工艺上的独特性,材料老化等因素,拉卜楞寺壁画涂层在组成和结构上,与现代桐油有一定差别,表现出一定的丰富性和复杂性。后期修复,可采用性质与西藏传统涂层材料接近的干性油,例如桐油,作为新的壁画表面涂层材料。     

南宋宫廷绘画中的“谍画”之谜

本文根据宋代的文献材料,从大量的宋人册页中甄别出一些在军事上具有特殊功用的绘画。据考,在南宋出使金国的使团人员中,潜藏有擅长山水画、人马画的画院画家,他们奉命描绘金国的山川地形和女真人的军事活动,笔者称此类带有间谍用途的南宋宫廷绘画为“谍画”。本文阐述了“谍画”的发展历史,特别是南宋出现”谍画“的政治、军事等方面的历史原因,对此类“谍画“进行了详细的剖析,发现宇文虚中、萧照和陈居中等是可知的南宋”谍画“的作者。此种从军事角度认识某些宫廷绘画,尚属尝试。     

常熟赵用贤宅无地仗层彩绘的保护研究

赵用贤宅彩绘是江苏明代无地仗层彩绘的重要遗物。为对其进行保护,采用XRD、FT-IR、EDS及视频显微镜等检测分析彩绘成分和结构层次,较为成功地解决了旧木材内油溶性成分极易因溶剂作用带出,部分彩绘上人为涂饰石灰、涂料的去除等技术难点。同时采用接近原胶粘剂性能的复合天然材料(脱色明胶和壳聚糖复配物)加固彩绘,并以溶剂型有机硅材料封护保护。结果表明,保护处理后不仅有效地延长了加固材料的寿命,同时符合可再处理原则。     

透视流散在欧洲的清宫绘画

笔者在博物馆收藏及艺术品拍卖资讯中发现,清朝宫廷绘画的出现与收藏,具有两个并非有趣的巧合,暗含着一定的规律性。这一现象主要集中反映在欧洲的博物馆和拍卖市场中。     

Inventing paganism in eighth-century Bavaria

This article examines the hagiographies of Saints Emmeram and Corbinian and the synod of Neuching from eighth-century Bavaria. It argues that the references to pagan survivals in these texts are misleading, in the absence of other evidence of paganism in the region. Rather, since these texts were composed in a narrow window of time from 769–774, this anxiety reflects concerns aroused by pagan uprisings in neighbouring Carantania, which were only suppressed in 772. Thus, the texts' authors 'invented' paganism in their own culture as their perceptions of the dividing lines between Christianity and paganism grew sharper.     

金坛戴王府太平天国彩画保护与修复

金坛戴王府属于江苏省级文物保护单位，该遗址内有一建筑上存有大量清代太平天国彩画。因早期建筑失修，彩画保存状态岌岌可危，出现大量病害，主要包括彩画表面酥粉、污渍、开裂、脱落、滋生霉菌等。2014年，针对该建筑内的彩画状况制定了抢救性保护方案，并最终采用整体加固、清洗，局部修复等措施，完成了戴王府彩画的保护与修复工程。经过7年时间，目前彩画保护效果良好，取得了预期目标。此次在戴王府采用的彩画保护技术，可为同类型古建彩画的保护提供一定的借鉴作用。     

日本所藏有关夏圭的资料

本文介绍了日本美术界对夏圭绘画的研究现状,进而对日本收藏的《山水图》、《江城图》与台北故宫所藏的《溪山清远图》做了对比研究,指出了三图的相互关联与区别,为夏圭山水艺术与南宋宫廷绘画的进一步研究提供了新的资料。     

Measuring Religious Preferences in Nineteenth-Century Urban Areas

The author applies David Galenson's work on the life cycles of modern artists to the study of the paintings of old masters, from about the early fifteenth to the late seventeenth centuries. Both the potential use of technical examination of paintings and the role of drawings for preconceiving compositions are explored as means for interpreting artistic behavior among pre-modern artists. Using a study of illustrations in texts to establish a list of canonical painters and the relative dates in which they are believed to have contributed their most important paintings, the author then analyzes a series of old master painters' working methods, demonstrating how their creative behavior corresponds to what their respective life cycles would suggest. Thus, the study of artists' life cycles could anticipate the use of optical and other mechanical devices for the production of premodern paintings based on such studies.     

透光摄影在古书画修复与研究中的应用

透光摄影由常规可见光摄影发展而来，是针对中国古书画等能被可见光穿透的文物开发的一项无损摄影检测技术。通过实践发现透光摄影在古书画的修复与研究领域具有多项作用：观察书画命纸、背纸拼接等装裱情况；发现前人加固、补缀等修复痕迹；获取画面底稿内容；强化伤况视觉效果以便于分析文物伤况病害。透光摄影能够提供直观可靠的深层视觉信息，辅助修复人员了解文物内部状态，在古书画的修复与研究中发挥重要作用。     

紫外荧光成像技术在馆藏壁画保护研究中的应用

应用光学成像技术对文物进行科学诊断与分析,是一种非接触的、非破坏性的、直观和快速的方法。本文介绍在馆藏壁画修复材料、修复痕迹及修复评估方面,通过利用紫外荧光成像技术的实验研究,实现了对馆藏壁画修复加固材料、修复痕迹的鉴别和诊断,对馆藏壁画加固、清洗效果的有效评估,此技术在对壁画进一步保护修复中发挥重要作用。     

红外光谱在传统年画红蓝色料分析中的应用研究

年画是中国特有的民间艺术形式。本研究介绍了传统年画印制所用红蓝色料的发展历史,选取15种中国古代与近现代常用红蓝色料进行红外光谱分析,并归纳总结了标准样品的化学结构与红外谱图特征。在此基础上,利用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对三幅清末民初时期的传统年画开展无损检测。结果显示三幅年画的红蓝色料均为合成颜料或染料,包括酸性大红G、酸性墨水蓝G、普鲁士蓝等。本研究扩展了红外光谱在书画文物分析检测中的应用范围,为传统年画色料的无损鉴定提供科学依据。     

佛光寺彩画加固保护材料的选择实验研究

针对佛光寺无地仗彩画层所出现的颜料脱落、颜料褪变色、裂隙等突出病害,本研究利用正交实验对鱼胶和白芨胶两种传统保护材料进行了复配,得到适宜无地仗彩画加固保护的优选配方:以质量分数为3%的鱼胶复配以0.1%的白芨胶作为有效加固成分,再配以质量分数为0.5%的防霉剂(PTA)、0.1%的紫外吸收剂(BP-4)以及0.1%的抗静电剂。所得复配材料具有优良的加固性能及耐老化性能,可为佛光寺及其他地区无地仗彩画加固保护材料的选择提供参考。     

Byzantium in Dark-Age Greece (the numismatic evidence in its Balkan context)

Abstract

Much has been made of the presence or absence of seventh- and eighth-century coins on several sites in Greece, primarily in Athens and Corinth. Kenneth Sefton and Peter Charanis have paved the way for a cultural-historical interpretation of coin finds, but a thorough comparison of both single and hoard finds from Greece with others from the Balkans suggests a very different interpretation. Instead of signalising decline, low-denomination coins, especially from Athens, may point to local markets of low-value commodities, such as food, as well as to the permanent presence of the fleet.