长子口墓墓主身份与长、微地望考

鹿邑太清宫长子口墓的墓主问题自墓葬发掘以来就备受关注。目前学界的观点可分为“氏名国名说”和“亲属称谓说”两大体系,争论的焦点在于“长”“微”二字的混淆以及不同材料话语体系之间的地域不匹配性。通过重新审视考古、古文字、古文献的相关原始材料,可以认为长子口之“长”应为氏名或国名,对应甲骨文中的?。而传世文献中“长子”之“长”有可能是“微/徵”的讹误,对应甲骨文中的?。     

试论太清宫长子口墓与商周“长”族

本文根据历史文献记载,结合古文字材料,对鹿邑太清宫长子口墓的年代及商周“长”族地望进行了探讨,认为古“长子”在今山西长子县西郊,各地与“长”有关的族氏与地名中,出于三晋的可能源于“长子”故地及留在原地的一部分遗民,出于其它各地的可能属于长氏分族。     

鹿邑太清宫西周大墓与微子封宋

鹿邑太清宫西周大墓的规模之大、规格之高、遗物之丰富与精美 ,都超过了同期的晋侯大墓。在传为宋国都城商丘的附近 ,不可能再有另外一个不见经传的“长国”国君的大墓出现。鹿邑太清宫西周大墓的墓主应是宋国开国君主微子启或其弟微仲衍。铭文中的国名“长”应是“微”字的误释。     

长子、中子和别子

河南鹿邑太清宫墓葬中,青铜器铭文显示,墓主自称“长子口”。作者由此次发掘的铜器铭文入手,结合历史文献,认为商末周初铭文中的“长子”为首子或元子,“中子”为支子,“北子”即“别子”,也指支子。     

鹿邑微子墓补证——兼释相侯与子口寻(腯)

鹿邑县太清宫镇即春秋相邑。微子即西周金文之相侯。鹿邑大墓铜器铭文中的子口寻,即微子启之孙脯。长字象拄杖形是商周文字,不应用经过讹变的战国楚简中的长字予以否定。     

鹿邑太清宫西周大墓墓主研究

鹿邑太清宫西周大墓墓主人长子口应该就是西周宋国的始封君微子启,依据是:一、墓中出土两件带"析子孙"族徽铭文的铜方鼎,而"析子孙"原本是封于微地的武丁长子租己的氏族徽号,其氏族商末成为微子启的臣属,因此"析子孙"是微子启始封国内的一个氏族徽标.二、微子启商代末期始封于微,故文献中称为微子.西周初年改封微子启为长侯,故他又可以称为长子,周公东征后又被徙封于宋."口"与"启"可能是一名一字,所以长子口当是微子启.     

殷周(己其)方非箕子辩

一 1989年9月15日《中国文物报》第三版载有黄锂同志《公太史鼎与长子狗鼎》一文,读后觉得启发很大。我又重读了《江汉考古》关于黄陂县鲁台山M30的报告,此墓共出铜器19件,7件有铭。其中一件圆鼎铭“长子狗作文父乙尊彝”,另一件残卣圈足内底铭“□□□作父乙尊彝”,前三字拓本不清,疑以为“长子狗”的残泐。如是,则长子狗铜器当有两件(?)。长子狗是作器人名,原报告以“狗”为“长子”名可取。子,是否爵名,尚无直接证据。长为国名大体可以肯定。周初金文有两爵一尊均铭“长唯壶” (《善礼》7、62;《三代》8、18、19;《美录》A404、R259),穆王时有“长鬼作宝尊簋”,还有一件“长汤匜”(《三代》17、28、 3)。战国时侯马盟石有“(?)徒自质君所”,这些器物铭中的“长”字为族氏国名大可无疑。 但“长子”联名在甲骨文中都有,甲骨文:“其又长子,惟龟至,王受佑”(《后》上、     

鹿邑长子口墓出土文物举要

河南省鹿邑县人清宫是中国古代伟大哲学家老子故里,1997年底,考古工作者发现并发掘了一座古代大墓。根据出土文物铭文判定,墓主名长子口,是商末周初长国之君。长子口墓是在黄淮流域目前发现的最大一座商周墓葬,也是我国发现的一座保存最为完整,出土文物最为丰富的商末周初大墓。长子口墓位于鹿邑县城东5公里的太     

鹿邑太清宫长子口墓出土玉器的材料属性与制作工艺研究

为了解河南鹿邑太清宫长子口墓出土的部分典型玉器的材料属性与制作工艺,用多种无损科技分析技术对其进行了现场分析,获取了玉器材质矿物组成、纹饰微观形貌、穿孔孔径及内部微痕特征、表面琢磨微痕等综合物理化学信息。基于科技分析结果,确定了玉器的材质属性以及玉器表面纹饰、钻孔、琢磨等制作工艺相关信息。结合考古学背景资料信息,探讨了长子口墓地出土玉器在材质、器形、功能与工艺之间存在的关系。     

论长子沫臣簠的国别

上海博物馆在上世纪60年代曾收集到一件!,马承源先生著文指出!当为晋器。此观点得到了学术界的一致同意,如吴镇烽《金文人名汇编》等均认为器主"长子沫臣"为晋人,而搜集楚器较为著名的如刘彬徽《楚系金文汇编》等亦未收此器。本文对长子沫臣!进行综合研究,通过此!中出现的"芈"姓,初步认定其当为楚国器;再考订铭文字体的特点与南方楚系文字接近,而与中原同期文字字形较远;由铭文右行以及"!"类器在中原及楚系中出现的频率及制作的精粗等,论定此长子沫臣!实为楚器。最后,联系鹿邑太清宫长子口墓及湖北黄陂发现的长子狗鼎等,认为此!铭中之"长"与长子口、长子狗之长实有相承关系,由此初步推测了西周时期长国、厉国的迁徙方向。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.