The Urban “Cultural Nexus of Power”： Intellectual Elites in Shanghai and Beijing, 1900-1937

In the decades before the full-scale war with Japan in 1937, a robust series of institutions connected the bourgeois with intellectuals （which included professionals and journalists, as well as academics） in Shanghai. Collectively, these institutions can be understood as forming an urban ＂cultural nexus of power＂ that allowed non-state actors to effectively control aspects of Shanghai＇s political life. This bourgeois-intellectual alliance was not inevitable; no similar bonds existed between these same two groups in Beijing. It was forged in Shanghai due to the city＇s unique historical position as a Treaty Port and its dynamic economy, which included an extensive structure of private higher education and a market-based publishing industry. Unlike the rural ＂cultural nexus of power＂ originally described by Prasenjit Duara, this urban nexus grew stronger during the political and economic changes of the early twentieth century. War and revolution in the 1930s and 1940s, however, destroyed the connections between the bourgeoisie and the intellectuals, ending the vibrant urban environment they had created.     

城市文化与我国城市文化建设的思考

城市不仅是人类社会的物质集聚中心,也是人类社会的文化活动中心。本文在全面理解城市文化的基础上,系统地阐述了城市文化与城市发展的关系,并联系当前我国城市文化建设所存在的一些不足,提出了几点切合实际的建议,以期有利于我国城市文化的进一步发展建设。     

多元文化对上海都市旅游发展的影响

都市已经成为旅游活动的中心,都市化则是都市旅游的灵魂。上海都市化具有多元的特征,研究多元化对上海都市旅游发展的影响,必将在提升上海都市旅游的水准和品味方面起到重要作用。本首先讨论了上海都市化的多元特征,其次阐述了化和旅游业之间的关系,然后分析了多元化对于上海都市旅游发展的影响,最后提出结论和相关建议。     

全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新趋势

文化全球化背景下,在城市的快速转型过程中,城市文化发展和演进面临更多新要素的触动:\"异质文化\"日渐冲击或渗透着城市本底文化,影响城市文化发展的主要因子也更多从自然环境要素始向人文因素转变,即城市本底文化生存的\"土壤\"正在发生革命性改变,从而使城市文化表现出更多时代内涵、时尚意韵和新景观。本文基于国内外相关研究进展,讨论全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新态势,以期对新时期国内文化地理学的研究有所裨益。     

30年来的中国近代思想文化史研究

30年来的中国近代思想史研究,依据研究重心的变化可以分为三个阶段:一是1978年到80年代末,研究重点集中于思想家个案及政治思想史方面;二是80年代末到90年代末,研究重心逐渐转变为以社会思潮史及思想家个案为主;三是90年代末以来,研究重心集中于社会思潮史和学术思想史领域.正是在研究重心的逐渐转移过程之中,近代思想史研究的广度不断拓宽,研究深度亦渐次深化.改革开放之后中国学术界最引人注目的现象之一,是中国文化史研究的复兴;90年代以后中国文化史发展的新趋势,是社会文化史研究的勃然兴起.长期无人问津或受人冷落的研究领域,如近代科技文化、民间宗教、民间意识与观念、文化心态、公共空间领域、新词语与观念变迁等,受到学术界的广泛关注并出现了许多研究成果.近代社会文化史正在成为史学新观念和新方法的一个重要生长点.     

近代上海报贩职业群体研究

一般来说,报贩是伴随着报业的发展而产生的一种自由职业,是依附于报刊这一行业的发展而产生的。报贩职业群体的出现和发展,对于近代上海报刊业的繁荣、发展有着积极的意义。报贩职业内部也有自己的行会和组织,不同等级报贩的生活状况有着天壤之别。他们共同推动了城市市民文化的发展。     

文化经济与城市经济发展的关系分析

城市是人类社会经济文化活空间的投影,是经济活动和文化活动最为频繁,文化经济最为发达的地理空间,对城市的文化经济与城市经济发展之间的关系进行分析具有较高的典型性和针对性。本文从文化与经济本质上具有的共生性入手,简单叙述了文化与与经济一体化发展趋势的必然性,进而归纳了文化经济对于城市经济发展的重要意义:促进经济增长,提高经济效益,软化经济基础,优化经济结构,促进经济的协调稳定发展等几个方面,文章第三部分对文化与经济相互融合的状态进行划分并概括为从三个层次,文章最城市是人类社会经济文化活空间的投影,是经济活动和文化活动最为频繁,文化经济最为发达的地理空间,对城市的文化经济与城市经济发展之间的关系进行分析具有较高的典型性和针对性。本文从文化与经济本质上具有的共生性入手,简单叙述了文化与与经济一体化发展趋势的必然性,进而归纳了文化经济对于城市经济发展的重要意义:促进经济增长,提高经济效益,软化经济基础,优化经济结构,促进经济的协调稳定发展等几个方面,文章第三部分对文化与经济相互融合的状态进行划分并概括为从三个层次,文章最后通过解析文化经济与经济发展的相对平衡关系,提出了在发展经济过程中,应不失时机地对文化经济的发展进行必要的引导和规划的观点。     

Into the Spiral of Problematic Perceptions: Modern Anti-Semitism and gebildetes Burgertum in Nineteenth-Century Germany

This article attempts to relate modern anti-Semitism to theincreasingly close interactions of Jews and non-Jews in an ageof political emancipation and social integration. It arguesthat the changing mutual perceptions of Jews and Protestantsin the German educated bourgeoisie are of central importancein this regard. In nineteenth-century Germany, literature movementssuch as realism, and various human sciences such as anthropology,Protestant theology or philology provided ample material fordiscussing the Jewish character. These fields suggest four waysof perceiving Jews: the Jew as parvenu, as Talmudist, as materialistand as nomad. Indeed, bourgeois Jews themselves contributedto these literary and scholarly debates. Their discussions werefrequently shaped by the attempt to confront anti-Jewish misconceptions.Moreover, they propagated their own interpretation of the Jewishcharacter: the figure of the humanistic Jew. This Jewish interpretation,which identifies a universal mission, proves to have a twofoldnature: it is not only a counter-attack against anti-Semiticpolemics, but also a particular result of the peculiar Jewishadaptation of bourgeois culture. As the article argues, however,this humanistic perception of Jewish identity caused concernon the Protestant side, which led to further polemics and thusfurther Jewish defence. The resulting spiral of problematicperceptions was the consequence of the growing social intimacyof bourgeois Jews and Protestants in nineteenth-century Germany.Modern anti-Semitism, it is thus argued, can be interpretedas a specific form of rejection of ambivalence and the establishmentof neat binary codes in the confusing closeness of Jews andnon-Jews.     

新时期中国文化发展的几个宏观问题研究

改革开放以来,中国共产党的文化理论与政策经历了从“一体化”的文化建设理论与方针到建设“高扬主旋律”的多样化的文化观念与政策的演进;党在知识分子问题上的认识和政策也发生了很大转变,不但认识到知识分子是工人阶级的一部分,是先进生产力的开拓者,而且把市场经济、知识经济、信息时代与知识分子政策密切联系在一起;与此同时,建立在一元化基础上的一体化的文化形态开始解构,并形成了主导文化、大众文化和精英文化三足鼎立的当代中国文化的基本格局。     

Cultural fingerprints – the legacy of cultural values in the current cultural policy agenda in Germany

This paper explores the historical roots of cultural values as a prerequisite for German cultural policy. With reference to current investigations of the social impact of the arts, the analysis is based within the framework of the history of ideas and focuses on three concepts: the common base of culture, nation of culture and culture as a state aim. The author argues that the transformative positive powers of culture are linked in a complex system of historically grown intellectual alliances while directing current policy thinking. As a consequence the positive impact of culture in society is strengthened over time and remains unquestioned by actors in the cultural sector.     

炒杂碎：美国餐饮史中的华裔文化

本文通过美国华人杂碎馆兴衰史,从一个新的视角来说明中餐馆在美国的兴起和普及。杂碎馆反映了华裔文化移植到美国社会并进一步在那里发展的过程。在美国,饮食是最早而且可能是最有代表性的海外中华文化的标志。华人的饮食文化伴随着他们的生活方式、劳动和职业技能、经商能力和资本、家庭及其他文化传统与华人移民一起进入美国。炒杂碎是美国社会族裔文化如何形成的一个有示范性意义的例子。     

清末新式知识分子的文化心态及现代启示

19世纪末20世纪初,在中国形成了具有新的知识结构与价值取向的知识分子群体,他们对中国文化进行了许多有益的探索。然而,在晚清时期,由于诸多社会矛盾相互交织,社会改造任务紧迫,因而新式知识分子群体形成了矛盾、急躁和激进的文化心态,并成为一种根深蒂固的传统,对现实社会产生了不可估量的影响。     

迈克尔·曼的社会权力史及权力史观述评

迈克尔·曼是第三代历史社会学家中的杰出代表。他的社会权力史别出心裁、匠心独具 ,理论上讲是马克思·韦伯“社会理想型”研究方法的延续。曼的社会权力史涵括整个人类史 ,其解释力强、角度新颖、理论性强。但是 ,其权力史仍是欧洲中心主义的 ,并且在其中 ,作为历史组成部分的个人消失了。     

安徽近代文化人物的地理分布与特征

安徽文化人物群体在中国近代史上占据重要地位。从区域人文地理学视角考察,安徽近代文化人物的数量、密度和自然地理分布具有鲜明的地域特征,其中最突出的是文化人物分布中心呈现由皖南山区向沿江平原转移的重大变化。深入研究其地理分布与特征将有助于揭示安徽近代文化人物分布与地域系统间的内在联系及发展规律,为文化发展和人才建设提供历史借鉴。     

Cultural diplomacy: beyond the national interest?

The field of cultural diplomacy, which looms large in present-day cultural policy and discourse, has been insufficiently analysed by the cultural disciplines. This special issue engages with the task of filling the gap. The present essay sets out the terms in which the authors have taken up this engagement, focusing principally on Australia and Asia. Distinguishing between cultural diplomacy that is essentially interest-driven governmental practice and cultural relations, which is ideals-driven and practiced largely by non-state actors, the authors pursue a twofold aim. First, to demystify the field, especially when it is yoked to the notion of ‘soft power’; second, to better understand how actually-existing discourses of cultural diplomacy and/or cultural relations operate in different national contexts. The essay seeks in particular to scrutinize the current confusion surrounding cultural diplomacy and, in the context of the changing role of the nation-state, to explore its possibilities as an instrument for going beyond the national interest.