SPATIAL MOBILITY AND RETURNS TO EDUCATION: SOME EVIDENCE FROM A SAMPLE OF FRENCH YOUTH*

ABSTRACT This study re‐evaluates the returns to geographic mobility and to the level of education taking into account the interaction between these two variables, and using the distance covered as a proxy for migration costs. We have at our disposal an original French database that permits precise calculation of the distance between the place of education and the location of first employment. For men, we find decreasing returns to spatial mobility as the distance covered rises and increasing returns to mobility with higher levels of education. The marginal returns to spatial mobility for women are lower across the board.     

FROM PRECOCITY TO INVOLUTION: THE NEOLITHIC OF CORSICA IN ITS WEST MEDITERRANEAN AND FRENCH CONTEXTS

The cultural and economic development of neolithic Corsica falls into two periods. Until the early fourth millennium be the rate of innovation is rapid and the range of contacts extensive but thereafter involution sets in. This paradox cannot be explained in terms of static geographic factors. The author suggests a possible solution: the island acted as a transmitter of cultural and economic innovations which were in the long run better adapted to other regions of the Mediterranean. The postglacial paucity of terrestrial resources would have stimulated maritime activity and the selective adoption of the pastoral sector at the inception of the Neolithic but the typically late neolithic pattern of mixed-farming villages failed to become established: exploitation of the mature deciduous forest of the climatic optimum appears to have been more important.     

近代西方在中国东半部的地理探险及主要游记

地理探险和游记是西方认识世界的重要手段。近代西方在中国主要地区开展了许多探险和考察活动,并留下了不少游记报道。但我国学术界对这一题目及有关游记的研究仍属空白。尤其是关于西方近代在我国东半部的探险活动和游记报道,国内外均缺乏系统的介绍。本文对十九世纪后期英国等国在我国东半部地理探险的路线、主要游记作品及其特点进行概括和分析。     

CRITICAL REFLEXIVITY AND SEXUALITY STUDIES IN ANTHROPOLOGY: SITING SEXUALITY IN RESEARCH,THEORY, ETHNOGRAPHY,AND PEDAGOGY

Feld, Steven and Basso, Keith, eds. Senses of Place. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1996. 293 pp. $24.95 paper. Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. 408 pp. $17.12 paper.     

COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS IN ANCIENT IRAQ,SYRIA AND PALESTINE: SOME NEW ANALYSES

In a pilot-programme to increase evidence for the history of copper-alloying in ancient Iraq, Syria and Palestine 128 objects in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, were tested with a point-source linear X-ray spectrometer for tin, arsenic and antimony. These analyses showed the gradual introduction of tin-copper alloys into Iraq after ca. 2750 b.c. (Early Dynastic IIIA), into Syria a little later and into Palestine by the end of the third millennium b.c. , though numerous artefacts continue to be of copper or arsenical-copper until well into the second millennium b.c. at least. With the appearance of tin-copper alloys the percentage of arsenic in the copper objects noticeably declines indicating that the earlier arsenical-coppers were deliberately produced under controlled conditions.     

HYPOTHESES,GENERALIZATIONS, AND CONVERGENCE: SOME PEIRCEAN THEMES IN THE STUDY OF HISTORY

This essay examines the relationship among some key elements of Charles Sanders Peirce's general theory of scientific inquiry (such as final causality, real possibility, methodological convergence, abductive reasoning, hypothesis formation, and diagrammatic idealization) and some prominent issues discussed in the current philosophy of history, especially those pertaining to the role of generalizations in historical explanation. The claim is that, appropriately construed, Peirce's recommendations with respect to rational inquiry in general can provide a reasonable basis for formulating a productive critical method for a responsible philosophy of history. The essay further seeks to reduce the tension between Peirce's interest in epistemic convergence and the arguments that champion the value of historical distance and perspectival pluralism. On the account offered, the kind of methodological convergence envisioned by Peirce need not conflict necessarily with a responsibly construed historical pluralism. On the other hand, the critical perspective of an epistemically disciplined philosophical inquiry may prove indispensable in weeding out wishful but unrealistic ideological perspectives from the writing of history. Hence, the resulting proposal envisions the critique of historical imagination as one potentially viable modality for the pragmatist philosophy of history.     

RECENT AND PROSPECTIVE POPULATION GROWTH IN THE U.S.S.R.: 1979-2025

This report presents the results and assumptions of a set of projections of the population of the USSR, 1979-2025. Trends in population size and age-sex composition as well as fertility, mortality, and emigration are discussed. The detailed projection methodology is described in Kingkade (1987). The projections show that the population of the USSR will grow throughout the period to 2025. The working age population will grow very slowly for at least the next 10 years, and will not recapture the rapid growth experienced in the 1970s. The pension-age population will double in size between 1980 and 2025.     

大数据时代的精细化城市模拟:方法、数据和案例

以地块作为基本空间单元并以城市活动主体作为模拟对象的精细化模拟是未来城市模型研究的重要方向,大数据(big data)时代的到来也为其提供了重要发展机遇。本文重点对精细化城市模型的主流建模方法进行了介绍,包括元胞自动机(Cellular Automata,CA)、基于主体建模(Agent-based Modelling,ABM)和传统的微观模拟(Microsimulation,MSM)这三种自下而上的微观模拟方法。之后结合精细化城市模型的高标准数据需求问题,对国际上通行的用于精细化模拟数据合成(population synthesis)的方法进行了综述,并给出笔者近年来在精细化城市模拟方面的多项实践案例,最后提出了以GIS为平台,结合CA/ABM/MSM方法,构建我国精细化城市模型的框架体系和关键技术,以期支持我国大城市地区空间政策的制定和评估。