中国超大城市流动人口的市民权获得研究：一个流动性和非流动性的解释框架

中国改革开放以来的人口流动是以具有空间流动性和户籍身份非流动性的暂时性人口流动为主、具有跨越空间和户籍身份双重流动性的永久性迁移为辅的双轨系统,这在超大城市表现得尤为典型。如何理解和解释中国超大城市永久性迁移人口和暂时性流动人口之间、永久性迁移人口内部、暂时性流动人口内部表现出的市民权流动性和非流动性？本文借鉴迁移期望和迁移能力理论,扩展流动性和非流动性的内涵,从跨越空间边界延伸到跨越制度边界;根据户口迁移期望和迁移能力的不同,本文提出一个流动性与非流动性的解释框架,将中国城市流动人口的市民权获得分为五种类型：顺从不流动、自愿流动、非自愿流动、非自愿不流动和自愿不流动,并基于上海的数据加以实证分析。市民权的流动性具有异质性,既可能是自愿争取的结果,也可能是制度限制之下非自愿的结果;市民权的非流动性不仅是一种结构制约之下顺从的或非自愿的反应,也可以是一种自愿或战略的选择。     

Asian migration to Australia: Changing trends and implications

International migration between Asia and Australia has undergone profound change in the last two decades. This paper outlines the major changes which have occurred in this movement. The proportion of Australia's resident population born in Asia has increased from 1.1 % in 1976 to 5.5 % in 2001. Asians now make up more than a third of new settlers to Australia but there has been an increased diversity in the flow of Asian settlers to Australia as well as the substantial increase in numbers. Australian international migration has entered a new era since the mid‐1990s with a greatly increased flow of temporary workers to Australia. The inflow of these workers is less dominated by Asia‐born people than is the permanent flow except for student migration. There is also an increasing flow of movers from Australia to Asia. Much current knowledge and research remain focused on Asian permanent settlement in Australia. While this is important and worthwhile, there is a need to broaden the work to encompass the full range of population movements between Asia and Australia if the impact of international migration is to be adequately assessed.     

背包旅游者的演变与概念重塑

作为背包旅游研究领域的一个基本概念,背包旅游者这个术语在概念界定的过程中遇到了新的挑战.本文认为有必要从“经”和“纬”两条线来分别梳理该概念的发展脉络、基本内涵和主要争议.在对背包旅游者概念进行深入辨析的基础上,结合背包旅游现象的新特点,本文提出：自主性和深度体验是背包旅游者概念的本质内涵,以此构成该概念界定的主要依据,因此,背包旅游者是倡导自主精神,采取自助旅游方式前往异地寻求深度旅游体验的人.同时,本文指出,现阶段的背包旅游者具有类型上的划分,借助“意义”和“形式”两个维度可将其分为朝圣型背包旅游者、形式型背包旅游者、享乐型背包旅游者及纯粹精神型背包旅游者.     

SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF TEMPORARY LABOUR MIGRATION IN INDIA

Temporary labour migration has rarely been studied at macro level despite its high prevalence in India. Drawing from the recently available Indian National Sample Survey (2007–08), this paper aims to study the basic differentials between temporary and permanent labour migration at the national level and examines the socioeconomic determinants of temporary labour migration at the state level. The study shows that temporary migration is seven times larger than permanent migration, and is largely a rural phenomenon dominated by rural to urban migration. A regional pattern in temporary labour migration is evident in the low-income Central and North Indian states. Low economic, educational and social status significantly induces temporary labour migration in contrast to permanent labour migration. As such, temporary labour migration appears to be a survival strategy of the rural poor in India.     

Japanese Working Holiday Makers in Australia and their Relationship to the Japanese Labour Market: Before and After

The Working Holiday is a relatively new but rapidly growing form of transnational mobility. In Australia, Working Holiday Makers (WHMs) form the largest group of Japanese temporary migrants, and their numbers have been increasing. In this paper, I will discuss the experience of returned WHMs in the light of Japanese labour practice. For my interlocutors, the motivations for taking a Working Holiday were frequently related to their dissatisfaction with their status and future prospects as workers. In order to understand this popular but under-researched form of transnational migration, it is therefore important to consider their self-perceptions about their worker status when they re-entered the Japanese workforce, and how they think their life course has changed due to the Working Holiday experience. The employment experience of WHMs upon their return to Japan illuminates their position in the home society in which their migratory decision-making was situated.     

基于网络文本内容分析的太白山背包旅游行为研究

通过对陕西省太白山相关网站论坛游记的文本内容进行分析,总结出太白山背包客行为特征的高频词,分为五类:动机、路线地点、感知、沿途所见和自助性。结果表明,登顶、穿越、徒步是太白山背包旅游者的旅游动机,\"大爷海\"、\"拔仙台\"是各类网站文本中出现频率最高的旅游景点,太白山南坡地名词语的使用频率都排在北坡之前;背包客的自助性特点突出;在登山过程中较多地关注安全问题;背包客对沿途的\"积雪\"、\"森林\"、\"白云\"和物种多样性留意较多。     

上海假日旅游市场分析

上海具有发展国内旅游、假日旅游得天独厚的优势,要进一步促进上海国内旅游,假日旅游的发展,关键在于培育一个有序竞争的国内旅游市场、假日旅游市场。旅游企业要积极开拓市场,向科学管理要效益,以求共同发展。     

Economic fears of mass migration from southern Italy in early twentieth century America

ABSTRACT

Economic fears in the early twentieth century America about Italian immigration united trade unions and white collar workers and were motivated by reasons that ranged from the belief that migrants were disrupting the labour market and were temporary opportunist earners, unwilling to integrate and living in isolated communities, to the idea that southern Italians did not offer sufficient human capital: they were mainly illiterate, and had high dropout rates in schools, and were widely believed to have children with mental disabilities. These American fears were wildly overstated, however. First, Southern Italian migrants had to undergo a two-stage positive selection for literacy, while, secondly only 28.4 per cent of the massive incoming flow of Italians decided to stay; most Italian immigrants chose to return to their country of origin and the minority who remained did not delay long to join in the American melting pot.     

基于旅游活动背景的我国现行休假制度刍议

按照我国现行的休假制度,公民的休假时间主要有三部分组成:双休日、\"黄金周\"和带薪假期。大众休闲与旅游活动也主要是在这三个时段进行。但由于双休日和带薪假期的局限性,3个\"黄金周\"实际上成为公众进行国内和出境旅游相对集中的时段。因为出游时间集中,\"黄金周\"旅游不可避免地带来各种各样的弊端,在一定程度上不利于我国旅游活动的健康发展。所以,改革现行的休假制度,适当增加传统节日作为休假时间,逐步推行和完善带薪假期制度,真正满足公众的旅游休闲需求,促进我国旅游业的可持续发展便显得十分必要。     

浅析我国假日旅游存在的问题及其对策

本通过阐述假日旅游产生的原因,着重分析了假日旅游存在的问题,并提出解决的措施,以促进我国假日旅游的可持续发展。     

‘The right to immobility’ and the uneven distribution of spatial capital: negotiating youth transitions in northern Sweden

‘Successful adulthoods’ are associated with mobile professionals, higher education and cosmopolitan lifestyles. This paper takes an interest in how this discourse is adopted or altered by young people living far away from big cities. Based on interviews in a traditional woodland community in northern Sweden, the study examines how young people in the second and final years of upper secondary school negotiate their transition from education to work. It draws on the two-dimensional concept of ‘spatial capital’. It sheds light firstly on a range of local possibilities underpinned by ‘position capital’, such as proximity to mining districts as well as to educational institutions. These possibilities compete with ‘situation capital’ in the form of young people’s dispositions towards mobility where they consider alternatives in other cities in Sweden and sometimes – although rarely – abroad. I argue that spatial capital is an indication of young people’s habitus, where the geographical marginality of the study location influences perceptions of the future in divergent and sometimes contradictory ways. The paper also problematizes contemporary society’s privileging of mobility, which should be viewed in relation to youth’s perceived ‘right to immobility’.     

楚屈子赤目簠年代与作器者小识

比较可见,楚屈子赤目簠既晚于淅川下寺M7、M8出土的几件铜簠,又早于下寺M1、M10和南阳彭射墓随葬的同类器,而与下寺M4尤其是M36所见的簠相近,铸作年代当属于春秋中期的末年或中晚之际,绝对年代约在公元前580年左右。屈子赤目,学界多认为是《左传》文公三年(公元前624年)所载的息公子朱,赤目是名,子朱为字。然从该器的制作年代以及当时屈氏家族重要人物的排比来看,其更可能是息公子朱之次子、申公屈巫臣之弟、屈荡之兄。