侨乡研究：对华侨、华人与中国关系的不同解读

在对华侨、华人的研究中,华侨、华人与中国的关系一直是基本的出发点和主要的关注点。在考察华侨、华人与中国的关系时,侨乡是考察和理解华侨、华人“特殊性”的一个重要方面和参照坐标。这不仅因为侨乡是华侨、华人与中国进行经济合作的主要区域,是海外移民影响祖籍地社会、文化的“独特风景线”,还因为侨乡研究是透视华侨、华人与中国关系的实证性研究。虽然海外移民并非中国特有的现象,但侨乡却是具有中国特色的海外移民的产物。     

中国大陆新老华人移民浅析

中国是海外华侨华人的发源地,也是现代华人移民的主要来源。纵观中国海外移民史,从华侨华人的发源到新移民的产生,既有“惊人相似的一幕”,又有质的根本性区别。虽然,一个世纪以来,“排华”的劫难和阴影总是与中国人在海外创业的艰辛和血泪相伴,但时至今日,“移民”依然是中国大陆充满诱惑力的词语。本文试就中国大陆新老移民的差异作一个比较,从而阐明对新移民发展的一些认识。     

中国国家海外利益与高端移民利益的异同点论析

随着中国的崛起,中国与外部世界的联系日益频繁,我国海外利益的内涵也在不断扩大。在崛起中国经济与文化的辐射下,以留学生、技术移民和投资移民为主体的海外高端新移民同祖籍国中国的互动不断加强。在这种跨国互动中,两者在海外政治、经济与文化利益等层面找到一些利益的交汇点。明确中国与高端新移民双方的利益趋同点及其利益冲突,有助于提高中国侨务公共外交的绩效,切实发挥海外高端移民作为中国海外利益承载者与维护者的角色功能。     

社会文化视野下新侨乡跨国网络治理的构建——以湖南邵东为个案的分析

论文以湖南邵东为案例，从社会文化视角阐释中国一个内陆新侨乡的形成及其跨国网络治理的建构机理。邵东新移民的阶层构成及营商特征，使其在移民海外后仍与家乡保持着频密的联系。在侨乡政府与海外移民双向互动过程中，构建了以人员流动、慈善捐赠和文化认同为治理主线的三大跨国网络，呈现出制度化、组织化的机制特点。同时，邵东侨乡在跨国网络治理中形成纵横两种体系。横向上，侨务部门与海外移民共同构成社会治理的参与主体，二者通过合作交流构建伙伴关系；纵向上，通过省、市、县、乡、村不同层级治理单元的协调与配合，使海外移民有效参与到侨乡治理中。这一纵横交织的治理体系构成邵东跨国网络治理的脉络，是侨乡振兴以及中国式现代化发展道路的重要组成部分。     

在地化影响下的中国海外移民行为特征探析

论文阐释了"在地化"的概念界定和移民在地化表现并对"在地化"的几个相关问题提出了自己的观点。论文认为,中国海外移民在海外生存发展,为住在国家和祖籍国都作出了积极贡献,但是在某些特殊历史时期还处于"两头不是人"的尴尬境地。缘于生存需要,移民对移居地(国家)有利益从属性,由此构成移民行为的一般规律。将移民在地化与边缘性杠杆比较分析可以看出,在地化是中国海外移民形成对中外双方而言具备居间比较优势的前提。通过撬动边缘性杠杆,中国海外移民一直在为提升自我的同时发挥着促进中外交流的社会历史作用,进而充分体现出其爱国情怀。     

《历史的思考》出版

<正>2015年1月,国务院侨办副主任谭天星的著作《历史的思考》一书由清华大学出版社出版。该书主要集中于华侨华人与海外移民、侨务理论与侨务战略等研究领域,包括以下几个方面:一是"移民与华侨史",作者从中国人移民海外的历史出发,贯通古今,考察从华侨文化到     

孔飞力教授与海外华人研究——在哈佛访孔飞力教授（Professor Philip A．Kuhn）

著名汉学家孔飞力教授在哈佛开设"海外华人"课程,致力于推动北美地区的海外华人研究.他认为,海外华人问题作为中国近代史的一部分,有许多重要的内容需要去做多方面的研究.同时,他亦强调,在研究海外华人移民问题的时候,必须把国内的移民研究与海外的移民研究结合起来分析,以寻找二者的共同性和规律性.为此,孔飞力教授重新提出了他的"历史资本"一说.此外,对于近年来中国本土的海外华人研究,他给予了很高评价,认为不但成果丰富,而且方法科学,有助于西方学者对此项问题进行深入了解和仔细探究.他相信,在继续推进海外华人研究方面,哈佛将会有更多的工作值得去做.     

海外印度移民及印度政府的侨务政策

作为人口大国之一 ,印度与中国一样 ,有着庞大的海外移民群体及其后裔。目前 ,海外印度人已超过二千万人 ,分布在 1 1 0个国家和地区。上世纪 90年代以来 ,随着海外印度人对所在国和印度影响的增强 ,海外印度人在印度及海外都引起了比以前更多的关注。印度政府采取了一系列措施 ,以吸引更多的海外印度人投身印度国内的经济建设 ,为印度的发展作贡献。本文概述海外印度移民的基本情况 ,分析海外印度人与印度的联系及对印度的影响以及印度政府对海外移民的政策 ,希望从中能得到某些启示 ,从而对中国的侨务政策提供某些参考和借鉴。     

从立足到发展:海外移民创业的跨国动态化实践——以法意温州移民为例

本文以旅居法国、意大利的温州移民为例,考察了海外移民从单栖创业到跨国两栖创业的动态演变过程。研究发现,温州移民的两栖创业模式经历了三个阶段:第一阶段是从祖籍国到定居国的商品流动;第二阶段是从定居国到祖籍国的商品流动;第三阶段是两国实业生产的对接。海外移民创业的跨国动态演变,与定居国的移民政策、产业结构、世界经济格局、祖籍国的经济发展以及移民本身的创业网络发展不可分割。温州移民在跨国空间开展创业活动,将祖籍国、定居国和自身都嵌入了全球价值链的环节,既对接了两地需求,又开拓了新的创业空间。从单栖到两栖创业动态实践是海外移民应对创业环境变化和创业网络成长的主动适应性策略。     

海外移民与宗教仪式回传——甲午年新加坡修德善堂养心社宋大峰祖师金像百年回銮

论文以甲午年(2014年)闰九月新加坡修德善堂养心社宋大峰祖师金像百年回銮活动为例,分析了当代社会海外移民通过将源自中国的传统文化习俗回传而对中国乡村社会所产生的影响。从宗教层面看,祖师百年回銮实现了信仰体系的循环与完善,为中国传统文化的传播与改善注入了新元素。从移民历史来看,潮人移居海外,同时在海外将潮人信仰理念传播开来。中国实施改革开放后,与移民共同迁移的祖师信仰也可以实现"返乡"——仪式回传。祖师信仰及其仪式的回传,结合中国本土宗教文化的复苏,在一定程度上影响了原乡地方社会的信仰体系。从慈善事业角度看,善堂的慈善事业,救济贫苦,施医赠药,造福人类。在潮汕乡村,随着宗教信仰的苏醒,慈善事业也随之兴起,这对发展中国慈善事业有重要意义,同时慈善事业在中国乡村的发展,也影响了乡村的地方经济。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.