Where Does the 14th Dalai Lama's' Madhyamika Way' Lie?

MadhymamikaisaBuddhisttermknownasWomainTibetan.ItreferstothekeydoctrineoftheBuddhistMadhyamikaschoolfoundedbyancientIndianBuddhistMasterNagarjuna,andfollowsthetenetofMadhymamika-sastra.TibetanBuddhismcontainsthekeypartofthedoctrine,andZongkapa,founderoftheGelugSectofTibetanBuddhism,explaineditallinhismasterpieceentitledExtensiveInterpretationofMadymamika-sasra.Madymamika-sastraisrepresentedbythedoctrinesofthemean,eclecticismandthemiddleway.Sincethe1980s,the14thDalaiLamahasbeenpreachin…     

An International Angle on the Dalai Lama

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Why Is the 14 Dalai Lama Fighting a Buddhist Deity?

MostmonasteriesoftheGelugSectareenshrinedwithapaintingorastatueofDorjeShugden,and,insome,thedeityevenfindshiswayintothefrescoontheinnerwallofthemainhalls.Eversincethe5thDalaiLama,theBuddhistGuardianwasworshippeduntilthelate196O,whenthel4thDalaiLamabegansuggestingthisinvitedadverseeffect.However,hedidn'tvoiceoutrightoppositionuntilearly1978.OnMarchlO,l996,thel4thDalaiLamacursedthedeityatameetingoflamasasameanper-son.Hecalledupon1amaspresenttounitetofightthedeity.OnMarch21,1996,when…     

Emperor Qianlong＇s Painting to the 6th Panchen Erdeni

In the 11th month of the 45th year of the reign of Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong ( 1781), he gave the 6th Panchen Erdeni a painting of a Saba tree complete with a Chinese text when the latter came to Beijing to celebrate the imperial birthday.     

Religion,Politics and Liberation: A Dialogue between Gustavo Gutiérrez,the 14th Dalai Lama and Gianni Vattimo

Abstract

This paper explores the contributions to scholarship and to the globalized imagination concerning religion and politics by the Peruvian theologian Gustavo Gutiérrez, the 14th Dalai Lama and the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo. Their common theme of "liberation," personal and political through a common humanity, love and compassion, with or without God, deserves a very detailed examination. The three of them have made an enormous contribution to conversations on religion and politics centred on a human commonality as human beings, and to the practice of religion and politics centred on the poor, on the commandment of love and of service to the marginalized as a way of life and in a new era of hermeneutics and commonality. This paper argues that the practice of a religion of love and a compassionate politics stressing commonalities rather than differences have a lot to offer to a contemporary practice and critical reflection on political theology.     

Of a bread-loaf missile: the shaming of Brooklyn’s 13th Regiment of the National Guard during the Spanish–American War

The Spanish–American War constituted a pressure point in American military history. The citizen-soldier tradition in the United States—a tradition based on a reliance on state militias rather than a large standing army—was tested as the country scrambled to provide a fighting force to support its growing imperial ambition. When Brooklyn’s 13th Regiment of the National Guard was ordered to camp at the beginning of May 1898, roughly half the men answered the call. Most of the guardsmen did not object to serving but only wished to do so within their regiment. As a result, the regiment was subjected to rough music, pelted by half a loaf of bread, and disbanded. Over time, however, the tables turned, with the regiment ultimately being resurrected and redeemed and the governor and the adjutant general who had disbanded the regiment being ridiculed and discarded. The case of Brooklyn’s 13th Regiment reveals that the alignment of national and state allegiances was neither straightforward nor without casualty as the country entered the age of imperialism.     

For the Happiness Of the Tibetans──Program to Aid the Poor in Tibet

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An Artist on Inis Oírr and Inis Meáin: Simon Coleman’s Visit to the Aran Islands in 1959 on Behalf of the Irish Folklore Commission

Abstract

Although the main emphasis of the work of the Irish Folklore Commission throughout the thirty-five years of its existence (1935–70) was on verbal tradition, it also sought, from the middle of the 1930s, to document the material culture of rural Ireland. While this work was carried out mainly by a staff member, the Commission also, in the late 1940s and 1950s, employed an artist, Simon Coleman RHA, to undertake fieldwork for short periods of time in a number of areas in the countryside, assisted by the Commission’s collectors. His task was to make drawings and, where feasible, paintings of traditional buildings, work practices, farm tools and machinery, sea-craft, fishing techniques, and tradition-bearers. This article surveys the contexts in which the artist worked and assesses the contribution that he made to the Irish Folklore Commission’s endeavours to document the material culture of the Irish countryside.     

An Analysis of the Literary Structure of the Zand ī Wahman Yasn

In this article it is maintained that the extant Zand ī Wahman Yasn is a work which was composed to be recited orally. In it mythological and historical material familiar to both storyteller and audience is woven into an integral text whose purpose is to interpret contemporary events. An analysis of each chapter shows how various rhetorical devices belonging to every level of language are used to underscore the contents and give cohesion to the text. These devices include alliteration and assonance, grammatical parallelism, and clusters of synonyms. Different types of dialogues and monologues are discussed and comparisons are made with other extant texts with apocalyptic themes.     

The public life of the Swahili stonehouse, 14th–15th centuries AD

Houses are an important subject of archaeological research, normally explored through the households they contain. This has established a deliberately social agenda for the archaeology of houses, yet has had the unintended consequence of creating bounded worlds for study. Although household archaeologies explore the ways that households contributed to broader social and economic realms, it is rare to think through the public role of houses for non-residents and the larger population of the settlement. This paper seeks to explore this more public aspect of houses using the data from archaeology at Songo Mnara, a 14th–15th century Swahili town on the southern Tanzanian coast. This was a time when stone-built domestic architecture was first emerging in this region. The archaeology of the houses provides data for a series of ways that the house was at the heart of the economic and political life of the town, as well as demonstrating a spatial continuity between indoor and outdoor spaces. It is therefore suggested that the domestic and residential functions of the house for a particular household should be balanced with an appreciation of the broader world of the house itself.     

An age of transition? Castles and the Scottish Highland estate in the 16th and 17th centuries

Abstract

In the archaeology of post-medieval rural Scotland, research traditions have inhibited understanding of social change prior to the 18th century as the emphasis has been on the dramatic overturn of 'traditional' society with Improvement and the Clearances. This contrasts with the situation for England and, indeed other parts of Europe, where there is an established concern for the much earlier 'Age of Transition' from medieval to modern. Here I explore the ancestry of Improvement by considering the genesis of the landed estate in the 16th and earlier 17th centuries, and this is primarily achieved through an analysis of the architecture and geography of castles in one area of the Highlands. This case study concerns the castles of the Glenorchy Campbells, a lineage emerging in the earlier 15th century and proceeding to become one of the most significant of Scottish, and British, landed families. In no small part through a changing approach to castle building, their rise was predicated on the transformation of clan territory into landed estate in the period after 1550. The usefulness of the 'Age of Transition' construct, in this specific context and in general, is appraised. In concluding, I argue for the alternative of the dialectical Marxist concept of contradiction. This places the focus on tension, fluidity, and lack of resolution in society, running counter to the idea of transition from one state to another. With contradiction, modern society as a simply definable entity is never established and cannot be delineated in a straightforward way. It is an itinerant process, constantly emerging and changing.     

Rebuffing Royals? Afrikaners and the Royal Visit to South Africa in 1947

This article traces the responses of Afrikaners to the symbolism and political purposes of the 1947 royal visit to Southern Africa, the first post-war royal tour and the first visit of a reigning sovereign to the Union of South Africa. Taking place in the aftermath of a war that had caused bitter political divisions within Afrikaner ranks and stimulated radical populist nationalism, a royal tour intended to express the crown's gratitude for South Africa's participation in that war was bound to be contentious. Drawing on press accounts, biographies, autobiographies and archival sources, this article argues that the layered reactions of Afrikaners demonstrate that, even on the eve of the National Party's electoral victory on a republican and apartheid platform, attitudes towards monarchy and the British connection were more fluid and ambiguous than either contemporary propaganda or recent accounts have allowed. The diverse meanings attributed to this iconic royal tour reveal a process of intense contestation and reflection about South Africa's place in an empire that was in the throes of post-war redefinition and transformation, and confirm recent characterisations of the 1940s as one of manifold possibilities such that outcomes, like the electoral victory of the National Party in the following year, was far from predetermined.     

Depicting ‘Terra Australis’: An Analysis of the Imagery on the Unknown Southern Continent on Renaissance World Maps, 1520s–1620s

Advanced doctoral students whose dissertations are substantially concerned with the history of cartography are invited to contact the editor of this section (Dr Elizabeth Baigent, Wycliffe Hall, Oxford OX2 6PW, UK; elizabeth.baigent@wycliffe.ox.ac.uk) to discuss the submission of a short article. For a list of doctoral theses in progress see http://www.maphistory.info/futurephd.html.     

An Analysis of the Pun in Chapter Ⅱ in Oliver Twist

As a master of language, Charles Dickens was good at creating a kind of humorous or ironic atmosphere by using the same word. This paper focuses on the word board used as a pun in Chapter Ⅱ in Oliver Twist to analyze its features and functions.     

11th Panchen Erdeni Presents Gifts to the Central Government

October1.1999markedthe50thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Toexpresshiscongratula-tions,the11thPanchenErdeniQoigyiGyibopresentedasilverplaquetotheCentralGovernmentonMarch8inBeijing.WangZhongyu.aStateCouncillorandSecretaryGeneraloftheStateCouncil.receiveditonbehalfoftheStateCouncil.ThesilverplaquewasmadeintheTashilhunpoMonastery-andwasshippedtoBejingrightatiertheTibetanNewYearoftheIronDrag-on.Measuringl.35byl.o3meters-theplaqueiswrappedupinsiI\'ersheets.Attheuppe…