A COLLECTIVE APPROACH TO PRODUCTION LIFTS THE ECONOM＂ OF A SMALL VILLAGE IN NORTH TIBET

An improved income for a tiny village in a sparsely populated area of Northern Tibet, where about 90 households are living, is the result of taking a collective approach to production over a number of years. The people of the village are living in spacious and comfortable houses where they can access both radio and television programs.     

A BON RELIGION VILLAGE(Ⅱ)

The world used to be composed of five particles known today as a kind of oval. They evolved into dew and raindrops, which accumulated and eventually formed the oceans.One of the oval-related bubbles exploded and out jumped a blue woman. Without lowering her head     

TSANGPA VILLAGE——A SNUG AND SILENT PLACE

Just 20 kilometers from Bayi Town,several tall houses were scattered sporadically across a hill. The car turned on to the mountain path and headed towards Tsangpa Village,beset on all sides by the landscape.     

A ‘SMALL TOWN’ DISCOVERED TWICE: A FORGOTTEN REPORT OF MAJOR H. H. KITCHENER

Abstract

This paper revisits the contribution of the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) to the study of the ancient copper mines of Faynan, Jordan. It reveals that it was a PEF expedition that first reported smelting remains in the northern part of the Faynan region, and demonstrates that the reported remains are the Iron Age site of Khirbat al-Jariya.     

TRADES,CRAFTS AND CREDIT IN A VICTORIAN VILLAGE: A TRADING FAMILY IN MILFORD,SURREY, 1851–1881

Abstract

Blacksmith James Luck’s papers indicate a complex web of credit in Milford, a small Surrey village, in the mid-Victorian era. His family benefited from contacts secured through loans, with the wider rural economy clearly depending on payment for goods and services being stretched over a long period of time. Despite the rise of banks and a national communications system, local knowledge and trust continued to be of significance. Local traders and their customers relied heavily on credit so it was important that the great majority of their transactions were sound. The records of James Luck illuminate this under-appreciated but significant aspect of 19th-century British family and community history.     

BELL,BOOK AND SCANDAL: THE STRUGGLE FOR SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IN A SOUTH CAMBRIDGESHIRE VILLAGE 1880–1890

Abstract

Compulsory elementary education for children up to ten years was introduced by an Act of 1880. The difficulties in implementing it in a rural area during the ten years which followed are examined here by linking data from the school records of the village of Steeple Morden in Cambridgeshire, to those in the 1881 census enumerators’ books. The findings support those of Horn (1990, 1978) but suggest that opposition to the Act may have been underestimated. It would appear that socio-economic conditions in rural areas at that time were such as to make full attendance impossible.     

“A Good Saxon Compound”

A Northern Thanatology: A Comprehensive Review of Illness, Death and Dying in the North West of England from the 1500s to the Present Time. By Christine Kenny with contributions from Bill Flynn and Joan Miller. Dinton, Wiltshire: Quay Books, 1998. xxii + 158pp. Pbk £11.99. ISBN 1 85642 096 5 Reviewed by Tony Walter.

A Thanatology of Wan Gender, War, Bereavement and Loss. By Christine Kenny with contributions from Liz Foster and Margaret Moore. Dinton, Wutshire: Quay Books, 1998. xvi + 208pp. Pbk £11.99. ISBN 1 85642 098 1 Reviewed by Tony Walter.

A Thanatology of the Child: Children and Young People's Perceptions, Experiences and Understanding of Life, Death and Bereavement. By Christine Kenny. Dinton, Wiltshire: Quay Books, 1998. Pbk £10.99. ISBN 1 85642 097 3 Reviewed by Tony Walter.

Following Tradition: Folklore in the Discourse of American Culture By Simon J. Bronner. Logan: Utah State University Press, 1998. $49.95. xv + 599pp. Illus. ISBN 0 87421 239 1 Reviewed by Eddie Cass.

“Songs beyond the Kalevala”: Transformations of Oral Poetry. Edited by Anna-Lena Siikala and Sinikka Vakimo. Studia Fennica Folkloristica, no. 2. Helsinki: SKS, 1994. 399pp. B /w illus. ISBN 951 717694 5 Reviewed by Jonathan Roper.

Mind and Form in Folklore: Selected Articles. By Matti Kuusi. Edited by Henno Ilomaki. Studia Fennica Folkloristica, no. 3. Helsinki: SKS, 1994. 199pp.l6 plates. ISBN 951 717 7976 Reviewed by Jonathan Roper

Proverbs of Ancient Sumen The World's Earliest Proverb Collections. By Bendt Alster. 2 vols. 548pp. Bethesda, Maryland: CDL Press. ISBN 1883053 20 x Reviewed by Gwendolyn Leick

Playing on the Motherground: Cultural Routines for Children's Development. By David F. Lancy. New York and London: The Guilford Press, 1996. 240pp. £24.50. ISBN 157230142 2 Reviewed by Mavis Curtis.

Reimagining Culture: Histories, Identities, and the Gaelic Renaissance. By Sharon Macdonald. Oxford: Berg, 1997. 297pp. Illus. pbk. £14.99. ISBN 1 85973 985 7 (Paper); 1 85973 980 6 (Cloth) Reviewed by Amy Hale.

National Redeemer: Owain Glyndwr in Welsh Tradition. By Elissa R. Henken. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996. pbk. £19.95 250pp. ISBN 0 7083 1290 X Reviewed by Amy Hale.

The End of the World as We Know It: Faith, Fatalism, and Apocalypse in America. By Daniel Wojcik. New York: New York University Press, 1997. 281pp. hdbk. $50.00/pbk. $18.95 Illus. ISBN O 8147 9283 9 Reviewed by Amy Hale.

Robin Hood: Die vielen Gesichter des edlen Raubers/The Many Faces of the Celebrated English Outlaw. Edited by Kevin Carpenter. Oldenburg: Bibliotheks- und Informationsystem der Universität Oldenburg, 1995. 303pp. ISBN 3 8142 0528 6 Reviewed by Malcolm Jones.

Words with Pictures: Welsh Images and Images of Wales in the Popular Press, 1640–1860. By Peter Lord. Aberystwyth: Plant, 1995. 167pp. £19.95. ISBN 0 9505188 2 4 Reviewed by Malcolm Jones.

Murder and Vengeance Among the Gods: Baldr and Scandinavian Mythology. By John Lindow. F.F. Communications, no. 262. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1997. 210pp. ISSN 0014 5815/ISBN 95141 08094 Reviewed by Jacqueline Simpson.

The Walled-Up Wife: A Casebook. Edited by Alan Dundes. Wisconsin and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996. 210pp. £13.50. ISBN 0 299 15074 7 Reviewed by Jacqueline Simpson.

Merkisdagar á; Mannsaevinni. By Árni Björnsson. Reykjavik: Mál og Menning, 1996. 487pp. Illus. ISBN 9979 31474 5 Reviewed by Jacqueline Simpson.

Theories of Myth: An Annotated Bibliography. By Thomas J. Sienkewicz. Magill Bibliographies. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1997. xi + 225pp. £30.40. ISBN 08108 3388 3 Reviewed by Juliette Wood.

Scipio Storytelling: Talk in a Southern Indiana Community. By Margaret Read MacDonald. Lanham, New York and London: University Press of America, Inc. 1996. 233pp. Illus. $34.00. ISBN 0 7618 0349 1 Reviewed by Ruth Glass.

Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales, Children, and the Culture Industry. By Jack Zipes. New York and London: Routledge, 1997.170pp. Pbk £13.99. ISBN 0 415 91850 2 Reviewed by Ruth Glass.

A Coven of Scholars: Margaret Murray and Her Working Methods. By Caroline Oates and Juliette Wood. Folklore Society Archive Series, no. 1, 1998. 101pp. £5.95. ISBN 0 903515 16 54 Reviewed by Ronald Hutton.

Sword Dancing in Europe: A History. By Stephen D. Corrsin. Tradition Series, no. 3. Enfield Lock: Hisarlik Press for the Folklore Society, 1997. xii + 290pp. Illus. ISBN 1 874312 25 7. £25. Distributed by the Folklore Society (enquiries to the FLS). Reviewed by Roy Judge.

The Celtic Cross: An Illustrated History and Celebration. By Nigel Pennick. London: Blandford, 1997. Hdbk £16.99. Reviewed by Rosemary Power.

Fairy Tales, Sexuality and Gender in France. By Lewis C. Seifert. Cambridge Studies in French. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. £37.50. ISBN 0 521 55005 Reviewed by Ruth Glass.

Folklore Fights the Nazis: Humor in Occupied Norway, 1940–1945. By Kathleen Stokker. 1st pbk edn. Madison, Wisconsin and London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1997. 273pp. ISBN 0 299 15444 0 Reviewed by Reimund Kvideland.

The Folklore of Tameside: Myths and Legends (inside, called The Folklore of Tameside: The Ashton and Longdendale Lordships). By John Walker and Michael Nevell. Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council with the Manchester University Archaeological Unit, 1998. ISBN 1871324211 Reviewed by Andrew F. Bennett.

Mortality. Edited by David Field, Glennys Howarth and Peter Jupp. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Carfax, three times a year. Institutions £108; individuals £38. ISSN 1357 6275 Reviewed by Valerie Clark.     

A Review of “Never Enough”

Abstract

Three of Alasdair MacIntyre's published essays help to illuminate his critique of modern liberal individualism Liberalism, in the name of freedom, inculcates indifference to the developmental social needs of human agents, denies the ties that bind members of society to the common good, and prevents political communities from pursuing common goods effectively. Rather than freeing individuals for self-government, liberalism leaves the government of the community's goods to unacknowledged elites. Liberation demands self-government and self-government requires the virtues, which are formed, in part, through the community's shared pursuit of common goods.