John F. Kennedy and Latin America: The "Thorough, Accurate, and Reliable Record" (Almost)

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, vol. 10, Cuba, 1961-1962
U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, vol. 12, American Republics, 1961-1963     

INTERVIEW WITH ROGER ADELSON

Born in 1942 and reared in Kansas, Adelson received his B.A. degree from George Washington University, Washington, D.C.; his B.Litt. degree from Oxford University, Oxford, England; and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Washington University, St. his, Missouri, where he was a Danforth Fellow. He held a post-doctoral research fellowship at St. Antony's College, Oxford, and taught briefly at Harvard before joining the history faculty at Arizona State University in 1974. Adelson's publications include Mark Sykes: Portrait of an Amateur and London and the Invention of the Middle East: Money, Power, and War, 1902–1922. While editing The Historian from 1990 to 1995, Adelson has interviewed numerous historians; many will be republished this fall in Speaking of History. As a consulting editor for The Historian, Adelson will continue doing interviews. This one was conducted by Peter Iverson, associate editor, and edited by Joy Margheim, editorial assistant, in December, 1995.     

James E Byrnes and the Politics of Segregation

Born in Jackson, Mississippi, in 1934, Thomas S. Morgan received his B.A. from Davidson College, his M.A. from Duke University, and his Ph.D. from UNC-Chapel Hill. He taught in high school in Baltimore, Maryland, and at Wake Forest University, and UNC-Chapel Hill, prior to coming to to Winthrop University where he has remained for the past 27 years. From 1978 to 1981 he was dean of Winthrop's College of Arts and Sciences. Morgan and his wife, Nancy, are parents of three sons. In addition, to publishing some scholarly articles, Morgan wrote the Study Guide for George Tindall's America: A Narrative History in its various editions. In 1972 he served as chair of the membership committee of the Southern Historical Association. Morgan served as president of Phi Alpha Theta from 1991 to 1993, presiding over the final years of service of Don Hoffman, the organization's secretary-treasurer, and the selection of Hoffman's replacement, Jack Tunstall. In April 1994, Morgan received an award for his "Outstanding Service and Exceptional Dedication" as Phi Alpha Theta president. This article is a modified version of his 1993 presidential address.     

INTERVIEW WITH THEODORE H. VON LAUE

Born in 1916, reared and educated in Germany until 2937, Von hue has been writing and teaching global history for almost three decades. He received his B.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton University and wm certified by the Russian Institute at Columbia University. Von hue published well-received books on German historiography, late Imperial Russia, and the Soviet Union before his lesser-known global histories. From 1943 to 1983, he taught at Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, Swarthmore College, Bryn Mawr College, the University of California at Riverside, Washington University at St. Louis, and Clark University. As Jacob and Frances Hiatt Professor of European History, Emeritus, at Clark, he has taught in China and held offices in the World History Association. Von hue has two daughters from his first marriage. He and his wife Angela live in Worcester, Massachusetts, where this interview was conducted in August 2995, by Roger Adelson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Church and City, 1000-1500: Essays in Honour of Christopher Brooke. Michigan State University Bureaucrats and Beggars: French Social Policy in the Age of Enlightenment. Fordham University The Revolution of 1905: Authority Restored. University of North Carolina, Greensboro The Tudor Nobility. Clemson University Liberty, Retrenchment, and Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1860. Wayland Baptist University Martin Luther: Theology and Revolution. Portland State University Locality and Polity: A Study of Warwickshire Landed Society, 1401–1401. Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Religion, Law, and Power: The Making of Protestant Ireland, 1660–1660. Office of the District Attorney, Nassau County, New York Trotsky, Stalin, and Socialism. University of Northern Iowa Cities of the Gods: Communist Utopias in Greek Thought. University of California, Berkeley Charles, Earl Grey: Aristocratic Reformer. Houston Baptist University Target Hitler: The Plots to Kill Hitler. Illinois College Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1919. University of Nottingham Patients, Power, and the Poor in Eighteenth-Century Bristol. Eastern Illinois University The Divided Nation: A History of Germany, 1918-1990. By Mary Fulbrook. University of Tampa Shokan–Hirohito's Samurai: Leaders of the Japanese Armed Forces, 1926–1926. SUNY, Stony Brook Hidden Ally: The French Resistance, Special Operations and the Landings in Southern France, 1944. University of Reading Landownership and Power in Modern Europe. Oxford University Winning the Peace: British Diplomatic Strategy, Peace Planning, and the Paris Peace Conference, 1916–1916. Valparaiso University Women and the Labour Movement in Scotland, 1850–1850. West Texas State University Secrets of the Kingdom: British Radicals from the Popish Plot to the Revolution of 1688–1688. University College, Swansea The Republican Virago: The Life and Times of Catharine Macaulay, Historian. College of Charleston The Baltic and the Outbreak of the Second World War. SUNY, New Paltz The Later Crusades: From Lyons to Alcazar, 1274–1274. Holy Cross College The Palestinian Uprising: A War by Other Means. Tel Aviv University Liberty Secured? Britain before and after 1688. University of Kansas Scotland and War: A.D. Notre Dame College of Ohio Revolution and Genocide: On the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust. Oklahoma State University Charles James Fox. Eckerd College A World without Women: The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science. Texas A&M University The Engineer of Revolution: L. Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Germany's Rude Awakening: Censorship in the Land of the Brothers Grimm. St. Bernadotte: Napoleon's Marshal, Sweden's King. University of Leeds A Different World for Women: The Life of Millicent Garrett Fawcett. University of Houston, Victoria The Revolution of 1688: Changing Perspectives. University of North Carolina, Asheville Prosecution and Punishment: Petty Crime and the Law in London and Rural Middlesex, c. James Madison University Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Michigan State University Our Great Solicitor: Josiah C. Cameron University Theory as Practice: Ethical Inquiry in the Renaissance. University of Maryland, Baltimore County Architecture and Power: The Town Hall and the English Urban Community c. Southeastern Louisiana University The Early Germans. Illinois State University Community and Commerce in late Medieval Japan: The Corporate Villages of Tokuchin-ho. Kyoto Center for Japanese Studies Fire from Heaven: Life in an English Town in the Seventeenth Century. York University, England Milton's History of Britain: Republican Historiography in the English Revolution. Florida State University National Crisis and National Government: British Politics, the Economy and Empire, 1926–1926. University of Portland Antisemitism: The Longest Hatred. Southern Methodist University Singing the Master: The Emergence of African American Culture in the Plantation South. Pennsylvania State University Conservative Constraints: North Carolina and the New Deal. Tennessee Technological University The Eagle-Dragon Alliance: America's Relations with China in World War Two. Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva John Marshall Harlan: The Last Whig justice. University of Tulsa A Ship to Remember: The Maine and the Spanish-American War. University of Oklahoma The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities. Cornell University Unholy Grail: The U.S. Saint Joseph's University Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864. University of Maryland, College Park France and the United States: The Cold Alliance since World War II. University of Leicester This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga. Oklahoma Baptist University Watergate and Afterward: The Legacy of Richard M. City University of New York We Need Men: The Union Draft in the Civil War. University of North Dakota Richard The Salem Witch Crisis. Pomona College Settlers' Children: Growing Up on the Great Plains. Fort Hays State University Josiah Royce: From Grass Valley to Harvard. New Mexico State University The Orphan Trains: Placing Out in America. Pine Manor College A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration and the Cold War. Union College The Business of May Next: James Madison and the Founding. Berea College Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920–1920. Cazenovia College Early American Methodism. Wright State University, Dayton In the Web of Class: Delinquents and Reformers in Boston, 1810s-1930s. Fairmont State College The U.S. Raymond G. University of Miami The American Political Nation, 1838–1838. University of Wisconsin, Madison John Randolph Haynes: California Progressive. James Madison University The Shaker Experience in America: A History of the United Society of Believers. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Tea Party to Independence: The Third Phase of the American Revolution, 1773–1773. El Camino College The American Encounter with Buddhism, 1844-1912: Victorian Culture and the Limits of Dissent. Purdue University John Quincy Adams and American Global Empire. University of Colorado, Boulder Aspirations and Anxieties: New England Workers and the Mechanized Factory System, 1815–1815. Plymouth State College The Black Man's Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. African Philosophy: Traditional Yoruba Philosophy and Contemporary African Realities. Austin Toyin Falola The Slave Coast of West Africa, 1550–1550. Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario The African Experience. Arizona State University The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876–1876. Arizona State University White Dreams, Black Africa: The Anti-Slavery Expedition to the River Niger, 1841–1841. Science Applications International Coloration Science and Technology in African History with Case Studies from Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. University of Texas, Austin     

唐《韦曙墓志》考释校补

韦曙是唐代宰相韦执谊之子,墓志由其弟韦昶撰写,提供了韦执谊家族及其诸子情况的珍贵资料。结合《韦曙墓志》与传世史料考证可知,韦执谊家族对于光大门楣有着强烈之渴望。其长子韦曙,三十六岁始登科入仕,由州郡幕僚至左拾遗、尚书省郎官、尚书右丞、京兆少尹、太常少卿,历常州、郑州、苏州、福州、广州等地刺史、节度,终官岭南节度使兼广州刺史。韦曙兄弟六人,至韦曙去世时,唯韦昶与韦绚在世。昶与绚为兄弟二人,可破历来以绚为昶改名之说。     

Renzo De Felice,the resistance and the historian' task

Abstract

The Cesare Barbieri Endowment for Italian Culture sponsored a two‐day conference in April 1998: ‘Behind enemy lines in World War II, the Resistance and the OSS in Italy’. On this occasion William Corvo of Middletown, Connecticut, donated the wartime papers of his father, Max Corvo. Max Corvo played a principal role in Organization of Strategic Services operations in Sicily and Italy during the war, linking the OSS and the Italian Resistance. Veterans of both the OSS and the Italian Resistance attended the symposium. We present here some of the papers that focused on the principal theme of the meeting: ‘The Resistance, war of liberation or civil war?’. Authors are: Borden Painter, Department of History at Trinity College; Vittorio Gozzer, partisan veteran and liaison for the conference with Italian partisan organizations; James Miller, historian at the State Department; Roy Domenico, Department of History at the University of Scranton; David Ward, Department of Italian at Wellesley College; Steven White, Department of History at Mount St Mary's College (Maryland); Spencer Di Scala, Department of History at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. Borden Painter and John Alcorn organized the conference for the Barbieri Endowment.     

From scholar to bureaucrat: the political choice of the historical geographer Zhang Qiyun

In the mid-1920s, under the guidance of his teacher, Zhu Kezhen, Zhang Qiyun established himself as a scholar by compiling middle school geography textbooks. He reached the peak of his early academic career when he joined the National Defense Planning Commission (Guofang sheji weiyuanhui) in 1932. His subsequent setbacks offered him a different kind of experience. During his tenure at Zhejiang University (1936–1949), he strived to combine research and administrative work. His friendship with Chen Bulei, Chen Xunci, and others, provided him with the connections to move from academia into politics. More important, beginning in the 1940s, Zhang contributed his scholarship in historical geography and geopolitics to the ruling regime and attracted Chiang Kai-shek’s attention. In 1948, some of the students at Zhejiang University started a movement to oust Zhang, which truly alienated him. During the power transition in 1949, Zhang made a political choice entirely different from the one made by his longtime mentor Zhu Kezhen, epitomizing the political divergence among scholars in the last years of the 1940s.     

AN ESSAY BY DAVID THELEN: HISTORY MAKING IN AMERICA

Born in 1939 in Berkeley, California, Thelen received his B.A. from Antioch College and his master's and doctoral degrees in U.S. history from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, during the 1960s. In 1985, he moved to Indiana University, Bloomington, in order to become editor of The Journal of American History, published by the Organization of American Historians. Besides being an innovative and imaginative editor, Thelen has been actively involved with the Committee on History-Making in America and its new center that opened at Indiana University in September 1990. Anyone interested in this project is invited to write to Lois Silverman, Director, Center on History-Making in America, Indiana University, 203 Education Building, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405.     

Virtual Forum: Archaeology and Decolonization

In this forum, patiently achieved through months of cyber-work, participants Nayanjot Lahiri (India), Nick Shepherd (South Africa), Joe Watkins (USA) and Larry Zimmerman (USA), plus the two editors of Arqueología Suramericana, Alejandro Haber (Argentina) and Cristóbal Gnecco (Colombia), discuss the topic of archaeology and decolonization. Nayanjot Lahiri teaches archaeology in her capacity as Professor at the Department of History, University of Delhi. Her books include Finding Forgotten Cities: How the Indus Civilization was Discovered (2005) and The Archaeology of Indian Trade Routes (1992). She has edited The Decline and Fall of the Indus Civilization (2000) and an issue of World Archaeology entitled The Archaeology of Hinduism (2004). Nick Shepherd is a senior lecturer in the Center for African Studies at the University of Cape Town, where he convenes the program in public culture in Africa. He sits on the executive committee of the World Archaeological Congress, and is co-editor of the journal Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress. In 2004 he was based at Harvard University as a Mandela Fellow. He has published widely on issues of archaeology and society in Africa, and on issues of public history and heritage. Joe Watkins is Choctaw Indian and archaeologist Joe Watkins is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico. He is 1/2 Choctaw Indian by blood, and has been involved in archaeology for more than thirty-five years. He received his Bachelor’s of Arts degree in Anthropology from the University of Oklahoma and his Master’s of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Anthropology from Southern Methodist University, where his doctorate examined archaeologists’ responses to questionnaire scenarios concerning their perceptions of American Indian issues. His current study interests include the ethical practice of anthropology and the study of anthropology’s relationships with descendant communities and Aboriginal populations, and he has published numerous articles on these topics. His first book Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice (AltaMira Press, 2000) examined the relationships between American Indians and archaeologists and is in its second printing His latest book, Reclaiming Physical Heritage: Repatriation and Sacred Sites (Chelsea House Publishers 2005) is aimed toward creating an awareness of Native American issues among high school students. Larry J. Zimmerman is Professor of Anthropology and Museum Studies and Public Scholar of Native American Representation at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art. He is Vice President of the World Archaeological Congress. He also has served WAC as its Executive Secretary and as the organizer of the first WAC Inter-Congress on Archaeological Ethics and the Treatment of the Dead. His research interests include the archaeology of the North American Plains, contemporary American Indian issues, and his current project examining the archaeology of homelessness. Originally published in Spanish in Arqueología Suramericana 3(1), 2007     

INTERVIEW WITH

Born in 1937, reared and educated mainly in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Demos is a leading social historian of early America. He has published a widely known account of early Plymouth, an anthology of primary sources on colonial culture, a co-edited collection of essays on family history, and numerous scholarly articles on social history and psychohistory, some of which he included in a volume on family history and public policy. He received the Frederic Bancroft Prize for his book on witchcraft. Since 1986, Demos has been Samuel Knight Professor of American History at Yale University, where he has recently completed a book on colonists and Indians. He and his wife, Virginia, were married in 1963, have two daughters, and live in Watertown, Massachusetts. This interview was conducted in Demos' office at Yale by Roger Adelson in October 1992.     

The A-Bomb Controversy at the National Air and Space Museum

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1947, Linenthal earned his bachelor's degree in religious studies at Western Michigan University, his master's degree in divinity at the Pacific School of Religion, and his Ph.D. in religious studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is Professor of Religion and American Culture at the University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh. His books include: Symbolic Defense: The Cultural Significance of the Strategic Defense Initiative (1989); Sacred Ground: Americans and their Battlefields (2nd edition, 1993); Preserving Memory: The Struggle to Create America's Holocaust Museum (1995); American Sacred Space (co-editor, 1995). He is writing a history of the A-Bomb controversy that will appear in a book to be published in 1996. Linenthal has often lectured about controversial historic sites for National Park Service staff. At the USS Arizona Memorial, Linenthal delivered a commemorative address on 7 December 1994, on the 53rd anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Linenthal and his wife, with their two sons, reside in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Linenthal was the only historian to testify before the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration about the National Air and Space Museum's ill-fated exhibit, “The Last Act: The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II.” What follows is Linenthal's Senate statement and comments he has written for The Historian.     

John Cheyne's classic monographs

John Cheyne (1777-1836), a Scotsman born in Leith, graduated at Edinburgh University but spent most of his career in Dublin. He was professor of medicine (1813-19) at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, physician to the House of Industry Hospitals and co-founder of the Dublin Hospital Reports in which his celebrated account of a patient with irregular breathing was described in 1818. His Essay on hydrocephalus acutus (1808) and Cases of apoplexy and lethargy (1812), important nineteenth-century contributions to neuropathology are considered here in detail. Towards the end of his life he was afflicted by depression and his posthumously-published Essays on the partial derangement of the mind (1843) was written as a therapeutic exercise.     

Memories of John Eccles

This article contains an account of the career of John Eccles that can be divided into two parts. The first extends from 1925, when he won a Rhodes scholarship to Magdalen College Oxford, to 1975, when he took voluntary retirement from the State University of New York at Buffalo. During this period, he set up six different laboratories in which he carried out research on synaptic mechanisms that provide the basis of neuroscience. The second period is the 20 years between his retirement and death in Switzerland, which he spent on the problem of the relationship between mind and brain.     

A Concert Hall for Stringed Musical Instruments Under the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum

This article contains an account of the career of John Eccles that can be divided into two parts. The first extends from 1925, when he won a Rhodes scholarship to Magdalen College Oxford, to 1975, when he took voluntary retirement from the State University of New York at Buffalo. During this period, he set up six different laboratories in which he carried out research on synaptic mechanisms that provide the basis of neuroscience. The second period is the 20 years between his retirement and death in Switzerland, which he spent on the problem of the relationship between mind and brain.     

Henry Herbert Donaldson’s (1857–1938) contribution to an organized approach to the experimental study of the mammalian central nervous system

ABSTRACT

This article shows that the academic and research careers of Henry Herbert Donaldson (1857–1938) were directed to provide basic information about the growth of the vertebrate nervous system and to provide standards and the means to make such research efficient. He earned the reputation of making the albino rat a standard laboratory animal. His academic career began when he was an undergraduate at Yale University in 1875 and concluded with his death as Professor and Head of the Department of Neurology at the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology of the University of Pennsylvania in 1938. During that period, pivotal experiences occurred, including research in physiological chemistry with Chittenden at the Sheffield School at Yale, graduate study at Johns Hopkins University, postgraduate study in Europe, and professorial positions at Clark University and the University of Chicago. It was at Johns Hopkins University that Donaldson learned about the need for physiological, anatomical, and psychophysical research and about the techniques to allow such research. It was at Clark University that he had first-hand and detailed experience with the anatomy of the brain of a deaf-blind-mute woman, as he attempted to correlate her sensory deficits with her brain development. It was at Clark University that he clearly recognized the need for standardization in neurological research. At the University of Chicago, he developed administrative skills and began a coordinated research effort to delimit the growth of the nervous system. It was at Chicago that he learned that the albino rat could be a reasonable subject for such research. It was also at Chicago that he was able to formulate ideas about the future organizational needs of human neuroanatomy. It was at the Wistar Institute that his research program and his professional career matured. He organized a research effort to elucidate the growth of the nervous system. He contributed to the coordination of neurological research in the United States and Europe. It was while at the Wistar Institute that he became well-known for making the albino rat a standard laboratory mammal—a convenient living material for research.     

THE VALUE OF HISTORICAL FIELD WORK

Born in Oklahoma City in 1939, educated at George Washington University, the University of Central Oklahoma, and the University of Oklahoma, Baird taught for a decade at the University of Arkansas, Fayettmille, and for another ten years at Oklahoma State University before accepting in 1989 the Howard A. White Professorship of History at Pepperdine University. He and his wife, Jane, are the parents of a daughter and a son. In addition to numerous articles, Baird has published eight books on the history of Native American peoples in Oklahoma and two on the history of medicine in Arkansas. He has been president of the Western History Association and chair of the Oklahoma Foundation for the Humanities. From 1989 to 1991 he served as president of Phi Alpha Theta, whose advisory council he now chairs. Bairds presidential address was delivered in December 1991 at the 70th Anniversary Phi Alpha Theta convention held in Chicago.     

Adolf Beck: A Forgotten Pioneer in Electroencephalography

Adolf Beck, born in 1863 at Cracow (Poland), joined the Department of Physiology of the Jagiellonian University in 1880 to work directly under the supervision of the prominent physiology professor, Napoleon Cybulski. Following his suggestion, Beck started experimental studies on the electrical brain activity of animals, especially in response to sensory stimulation. Beck placed electrodes directly on the surface of brain to localize brain potentials that were evoked by sensory stimuli. He observed spontaneous fluctuations in the electrical brain activity and noted that these oscillations ceased after sensory stimulation. He published these findings concerning the electrical brain activity, such as spontaneous fluctuations, evoked potentials, and desynchronization of brain waves, in 1890 in the German language Centralblatt für Physiologie. Moreover, an intense polemic arose between physiologists of that era on the question of who should claim being the founder of electroencephalography. Ultimately, Richard Caton from Liverpool showed that he had performed similar experiments in monkeys years earlier. Nevertheless, Beck added new elements to the nature of electrical brain activity. In retrospect, next to Richard Caton, Adolf Beck can be regarded, together with Hans Berger who later introduced the method to humans, as one of the founders of electroencephalography. Soon after his success, Beck got a chair at the Department of Physiology of the University at Lemberg, now Lviv National Medical University.     

Interview with Gilbert C. Fite

Born in 1918, reared and educated in South Dakota, Gilbert C. Fite took his Ph.D. at the University of Missouri. He is a historian of U.S. agriculture, particularly the impact of technology, economics, and politics on midwestern and southern farming since the late nineteenth century. He has written nine books, co-authored seven more, edited three volumes, and published over sixty articles. Former president of Eastern Illinois University, the Agricultural History Society and the Southern and Western Historical Associations, Fite has long been very active in Phi Alpha Theta and served as its president from 1981–1983. He taught at the University of Oklahoma for twenty-six years and held the Richard B. Russell Professorship of American History at the University of Georgia for a decade. He and his wife, June, were married in 1941, have two sons, and live in Bella Vista, Arkansas, where this interview was conducted by Roger Adelson in August 1993.     

ROBERT McCARDELL IRVING (1930 - 1989)

I first met Bob and Jane Irving as a graduate student at Minnesota in 1960, where we were assigned to the interstate highway project that John Borchert was then undertaking for the Minnesota State Highway Commissioner. After finishing his dissertation at Minnesota, Bob spent some time on faculty at the University of Manitoba before moving to Waterloo, where we renewed our acquaintance in 1969, just as he assumed the Chairmanship of the Department of Geography. In 1970, he served as Councillor on the board of the CAG.