Before History Had an End: Soviet-American Relations, 1941–1947

Edward M. Bennett. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Search for Victory: American-Soviet Relations, 1939–1945 .
James L. Gormly. From Potsdam to the Cold War: Big Three Diplomacy, 1945–1947 .     

America's Europe, Europe's America: Image, Influence, and Interaction, 1933–1958

John Lamberton Harper. American Visions of Europe: Franklin D. Roosevelt, George F. Kennan, and Dean G. Acheson .
Reinhold Wagnleitner. Coca-Colonization and the Cold War: The Cultural Mission of the United States in Austria after the Second World War .
Peter Duignan and L. H. Gann. The Rebirth of the West: The Americanization of the Democratic World, 1945–1958 .
Michael Ermarth, ed. America and the Shaping of German Society, 1945–1955 .     

Why They Think Like Gringoes: The Discourse of U.S.–Latin American Relations

Eldon Kenworthy. America/Américas: Myth in the Making of U.S. Policy towards Latin America
Martha L. Cottam. Images and Intervention: U.S. Policies in Latin America
James William Park. Latin American Underdevelopment: A History of Perspectives in the United States, 1870–1965
John A. Britton. Revolution and Ideology: Images of the Mexican Revolution in the United States
Frederick B. Pike. FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Gently chaotic Chaos     

History of Russian-U.S. Relations, 1867–1921

Books reviewed in this article:
Norman E. Saul, Concord and Conflict: The United States and Russia, 1867–1914
Norman E. Saul, War and Revolution: The United States and Russia, 1914–1921     

INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION IN THE U.S.S.R., 1981–1985 AND 1971–1975

The publication in 1987 of a Soviet compendium of population statistics has made possible the calculation of net migration balances for the U.S.S.R.'s 20 large economic planning regions by the residual method for the first time since the middle of the 1970s. This paper compares the results for 1981–1985 and 1971–1975 and finds that Siberia has changed from a net loser to a net gainer of migrants, that the shift of population to the southern regions has been reversed, and that the traditional rural outflow from central-eastern European Russia has diminished. Nevertheless, the acclimatization of newcomers in the eastern regions, the stabilization of rural dwellers in the central regions, and the mobility of rural residents in Central Asia and the Transcaucasus all remain insufficient to overcome regional imbalances in labour.
La publication en 1987 d'un compendium Soviétique sur les statistiques de la population a rendu possible le calcul des balances migratoires pour les vingt grandes régions économiques de l'U.R.S.S. pour la premiere fois depuis le milieu des années 1970. Cet article compare les résultats de 1971–1975 et 1981–1985 et montre que la situation en Sibérie est passée d'une perte nette à un gain net de migrants, que le mouvement de la population vers les regions du Sud a été renversé, et que le traditionel exode rural observé dans les régions centrales et dans l'est de la Russie europeenne a diminue. Néanmoins l'adaptation des nouveaux arrivants dans les regions de l'est, la stabilite des ruraux dans les regions centrales, et leur mobilite en Asie Centrale et en Transcaucasie sont insuffisants pour surmonter les desequilibres regionaux en main-d'oeuvre.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
N ahmana A vigadh : Hebrew Bullae from the Time of Jeremiah:- Remnants of a Burnt Archive
M artin G oodman : The Ruling Class of Judaea: The Origins of the Jewish Revolt Against Rome, A.D. 66–70. Cambridge
J oseph P. L ynch : Godparents and Kinship in Early Medieval Europe
M ichael M ullett : Popular Culture and Popular Protest in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe
C arol Z aleski : Otherworld Journeys: Accounts of Near-Death Experience in Medieval and Modern Times
orna J ane A bray : The People's Reformation: Magistrates, Clergy, and Commons in Strasbourg, 1500–1598
J. D enny W eaver : Becoming Anabaptist
R onald B. B ond : Certain Sermons or Homilies (1547) and A Homily against Disobedience and Wilful Rebellion (1570): A Critical Edition
G. J. R. P arry : Protestant Vision: William Harrison and the Reformation of the Elizabethan Church
D avid B erman : A History of Atheism in Britain: From Hobbes to Russell
S tephen J udd and K enneth C able : Sydney Anglicans: A History of the Diocese
A lan P. F. S ell : Defending and Declaring the Faith: Some Scottish Examples, 1860–1920
J ill R oe : Beyond Belief Theosophy in Australia 1879–1939
J. B. G ribble : Dark Deeds in a Sunny Land
M ichael H ogan : The Sectarian Strand: Religion in Australian Society
P atrick P. F ord : The Socialist Trend in the Catholic Church in Australia and New Zealand , Melbourne, John XXIII Fellowship Co-op
W. D. R ubinstein (ed.): Jews in the Sixth Continent , Sydney, Allen and Unwin
A rvind S harma (ed.): Women in World Religions     

Resources Versus Results: Comparative Performance of State Highway Systems, 1984–1990

This article compares the relative performance of the U.S. and the 50 state highway systems against resources available, over the period 1984–1990. Data are collected on 13 measures of revenues, expenditures, pavement condition, congestion, bridge condition, and accidents. Statistics are normalized to control the effects of size and inflation. Each state's performance is then graded according to whether the state is making progress, holding steady, or losing ground relative to the national trends. Findings show that the U.S. highway system is in good condition and is continuing to improve: even statistics on congestion are now beginning to show improvement. Against this general improvement six states have been able to maintain or improve their highway systems with considerably less resources per mile than other states. These states are New Mexico, South Dakota, Wyoming, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Arkansas. Each of these stales seems to have a combination of geography, traffic, economic structure, and fiscal capability that results in particularly cost-effective highway systems. The findings suggest that simplistic explanations of performance based on location, urban/rural distinctions, weather, climate, or taxes are inadequate; more research is needed to explain the causes of these differences.     

Newcomers in the Canadian housing market: a longitudinal study, 2001–2005

The Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) is used to investigate the participation of immigrants in Canada's housing market during the first four years of the settlement process, beginning in 2000–2001. The analysis focuses on the changing rate of homeownership, crowding and affordability. Special attention is given to differences between landing classes and population groups (especially visible minority groups). In general, the housing situation of LSIC survey respondents improved remarkably over the years covered by the survey. This is registered in a much higher rate of homeownership in the third wave of the survey (at four years after landing) compared with the first (six months after landing). Similarly, the ratio of survey respondents spending more than 30 percent of their total family income on housing dropped dramatically, as did the percentage living in crowded conditions. In other words, at least according to the measures explored here, LSIC suggests that the proportion of immigrants in precarious housing situations drops significantly in the early settlement period. This positive outcome is not universally shared, however, and certain groups—notably refugees, and immigrants of black and MiddleEastern background—see much less improvement in their circumstances than the average survey respondent.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Rock Control in Geomorphology , by E iju Y atsu
The Internal Structure of Retail Nucleations , by B arry J. G arner
The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Exploration , edited by H erman R. F riis
Canada: An Appraisal of its Needs and Resources , by G eorge W. W ilson , S cott G ordon , S tanislaw J udek , and A lbert B reton
Vegetation Mapping , by A. W. K üchler
Geography and Economics , by M. C hisholm     

The Cultural Contexts of International Capital Expansion: British Ranchers in Wyoming, 1879–1889

In the late-nineteenth century, open-range cattle ranching in the American West became popular among the British upper classes both as an investment and as a vocation. However, after a severe winter in 1886–1887, many of these enterprises failed and foreign investment in the American range cattle industry waned. This paper examines the experiences of British ranchers in Wyoming and in particular the career of Moreton Frewen (1857–1924) in order to explore the dialectical relationship between culturally constructed nature, shaped by discourses of class and gender, and material nature, itself transformed by capitalist production. Although from an élite family, Frewen lacked the financial resources necessary to sustain the kind of life to which he felt he was entitled. The great profits and excellent big-game hunting supposedly available to ranchers attracted him to the Powder River region of Wyoming, where he began a ranch that failed in the crisis of 1886–1887. British images of a bountiful American nature spurred investment, but also led to ranching practices that were ultimately harmful to the ranges upon which cattle depended. A detailed study of the élite British ranchers provides insight into the specific cultural, historical, environmental, and local contexts within which global capital expansion takes place.     

ETHICS AT HOME – A NON-CONFERENCE REPORT

The American Anthropological Association (AAA) Annual Meeting, San Francisco, 17–21 November 2004     

The Legacy of Isaac Schapera (1905–2003)

'I would like to be remembered – although I am sure that I will not be – as the equivalent, to the Tswana, of what Pepys is to English ethnography.' Isaac Schapera interviewed by Jean and John Comaroff, 1988     

The transformation of lieux de mémoire: The Nyabarongo River in Rwanda, 1992–2009

This article takes the Nyabarongo river as a lens through which to tentatively reflect on the transformation of lieux de memoire in post-genocide Rwanda in the period 1992–2009. It is culled from a larger, multi-year project on the construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of collective memory in Rwanda that revolves around a systematic, historical, and spatial analysis of the hundreds of genocide memorials, informal and otherwise, that have been created — and some that have disappeared — in the last fifteen years.     

Race, Class, and Political Activism: Black, Chicana/o, and Japanese-American Leftists in Southern California, 1968–1978

This paper explores the third-world left in Los Angeles, from 1968–1978. In it I examine the political ideology and foci of one organization for each of the major racial/ethnic groups of the time: African Americans (Black Panther Party), Chicanas/os (El Centro de Accion Social y Autonomo [CASA]), and Japanese Americans (East Wind). In addition to reclaiming this relatively unknown history, I seek to explain the differences in the various organizations by analyzing them within the context of differential racialization. I argue that the distinct nature of each organization is at least partly due to the particular racial position of each racial/ethnic group within the local racial order.     

Haiti, Marines, and Culture

Book reviewed:
Mary A. Renda. Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism , 1915 – 1940.     

The Cinderella complex – narrating Spanish women's history, the home and visions of equality: developing new margins

This paper examines the development of feminism in Spain within the context of political transformations. It focuses on one particular strand of feminist thinking: 'equality feminism'. The paper traces the evolution of equality feminism and its institutionalization, supported by the production and dissemination of a feminist history of the Franquista dictatorship (1936–1939). Yet, under scrutiny such narratives maintain a silence on the social, political and geographical diversity of women's experiences prior to, during and beyond the Franquista dictatorship. Drawing on women's oral testimonies (recorded in the city of Málaga, Andalucía) the paper animates the silences of this feminist history in Spain and the limits of state feminist ideology.     

MEASURING SUMMER SEA ICE SEVERITY IN EASTERN HUDSON BAY 1751–1870

The log-books of the Hudson's Bay Company supply ships are the sources from which are derived annual indices of summer sea ice severity in eastern Hudson Bay in the period 1751–1870. The indices are based on two properties of the daily ice conditions described in the log-books: lateness of occurrence and severity of ice. The annual ice index is obtained by comparing the ice conditions in each year from 1751 to 1870 with those in 1969. This year experienced the most severe late summer ice in this region during the period of present-day ice observations .
Les livres de bord des bateaux d'approvisionnement de la Compagnie de la Bale d'Hudson constituent les sources desquelles sont derives les indices annuels de sévérité de la glace marine estivale, dans la partie est de la Baie d'Hudson, pour la période 1751–1870. Ces indices de la glace sont établis à partir de deux propriétés des conditions quotidiennes de la glace, telles qu'elles sont décrites dans les livres de bord. Ces propriétés sont la tardiveté d'apparition et la sévérité de la glace. On obtient l'indice annuel de la glace en comparant les conditions de la glace pour chaque année de la période 1751–1870 avec les conditions de la glace en 1969. Cette année se charactérise par la glace d'été tardive la plus sévére dans cette région au cour de la période contemporaine d'observations de la glace .     

Historicizing the German Question: Toward an International History of the Cold War

Book reviewed:
William Glenn Gray. Germany's Cold War: The Global Campaign to Isolate East Germany, 1949–1969 . Chapel Hill, NC and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. xii + 351 pp. Maps, notes, bibliography, index. $49.95 (cloth).     

The Dynamics of Growth in a Regional Urban System: Southern Ontario, 1851–1971

This study has four objectives: (1) to describe the dynamics of growth in the urban system of southern Ontario over the period from 1851 to 1971; (2) to determine whether this system has evolved in accordance with the Gibrat process of growth; (3) to contribute to the debate on the relationship between city-size distributions and economic development; and (4) to offer some technical and definitional suggestions with regard to the rank-size rule, urban primacy, and the measurement of population concentration. Related Canadian studies covering similar time periods are those of Simmons (1974), who has analysed the growth of larger cities (10,000 and over) at the national scale, and Bannister (1975), who has described the extent of spatial autocorrelation in the growth rates of southern Ontario's incorporated centres. Like Simmons and Bannister we are less concerned with the fortunes of particular places than with the response of the urban system as a whole to expansionary forces. We are centrally concerned with the phenomenon of differential growth (Borchert, 1967; Ward, 1971, pp. 11–49; Muller, 1976, 1977). The fact that towns grow at different rates implies changes in the frequency distribution of city size and in the level of concentration of the urban population. These changes, in turn, have interesting consequences for urban systems theory.