德治漫谈摄影

<正>话题2艺术性是摄影的基本属性曾几何时,摄影被划分为:人像摄影、广告摄影、新闻摄影、体育摄影、民俗摄影、旅游摄影、风光摄影、生态摄影、航空摄影、水下摄影、动物摄影、植物摄影等等,这些根据被摄题材来划分摄影门类未尝不可,但是,有人将这些题材分门别类地划分为"纪实摄影"和"艺术摄影"两大类,我也曾人云亦云地这样认同过,后来总觉得这样划分不够严谨,容易误导初学者。难道纪实     

浅谈图片摄影的技巧

摄影的种类有很多种,图片摄影是其中的一个摄影类型,应该说也是会大众最长用的摄影方式。图片摄影就是指,通过相机将一些人或物保留下来,形成图片的形式。图片摄影包括有,人物图片摄影,景色图片摄影,艺术图片摄影。不同的图片摄影需要不同的摄影技术来支持。但是不管是怎样的技术,都要有一颗爱摄影的心来支持。本文通过不同的图片摄影来浅谈下所需要的不同技巧。     

数字摄影的时代意义

数字摄影短短的几十年发展迅速,在数字和传统并进的时代下,数字摄影显示着独特的艺术魅力,想要进一步了解数字摄影就要对传统摄影有一定的把握。掌握传统摄影和数字摄影的区别,利用数字摄影的特点进行摄影创作。     

浅谈摄影的表现性艺术语言的运用

摄影诞生初期,也就是胶片时代,早期摄影一般以客观记录或复制为表现语言,摄影的艺术地位确定之后,摄影的表现性艺术语言所带来的表现手法彻底的改变了旧有的思路和概念,使摄影的发展进入了全面开花的阶段。与此同时,欧美出现了一大批的先锋摄影的创作者,他们将摄影观念引入国内,不但拓宽了国内摄影艺术家的观念同时也为国内摄影表现手法的创新提供了理论基础。他们通过对摄影表现手法的研究,进一步的打破了传统胶片摄影直接摄影的理念,并且在影像的表现方式上将直接表达方式摒弃,选择了与摄影相关元素相结合来表现摄影艺术。他们利用了摄影概念、摄影表现、摄影观念、社会身份和某些创作者自身愿望以及回忆的所有层面把摄影从既定的现实记录和影像单纯复制中走出来,很好的做到了将摄影表现的可能性进行再次的创造和研究。这样为艺术而奋斗的摄影人,我们称之为摄影艺术家。     

首届中国[桂林]国际摄影节 “专业摄影采风团”线路

摄影节期间(8月23日-25日)“专业摄影采风团”采风线路,经摄影节组委会办公室与桂林市旅游部门、桂林市摄影界专业人士多次研究和实地勘察,适应参加摄影节的中外摄影界专业人士进行摄影创作而特定设计的线路已经确定。六条专业摄影采风线路各具特色,在时间上也有所区别。参加摄影节的中外摄影师、摄影爱好者可根据自已情况选择参加摄影采风活动,以专业人士眼光和摄影特有手段,深入探索与发现桂林山水风情与人文魅力之真谛。     

现代商业摄影的数字化发展

随着数码影像技术的兴起和发展,摄影行业也不得不经历一场科技革命的阵痛——由传统摄影向数码摄影转变;在商业摄影领域,这种转变的趋势尤其突出,主要在于高像素的数码相机相比传统相机所具有的更大性优势。通过对比传统胶片摄影与数码摄影的差异,从而对数码摄影有一个较完整的认识。了解其在商业摄影领域的一些较新技术的应用,了解数字技术给摄影带来的一种全新的创作理念和较不同的摄影创作方式。在当代数字时代里,商业摄影的数字化是一个必然的发展进程。     

现代商业摄影的数字化发展

随着数码影像技术的兴起和发展,摄影行业也不得不经历一场科技革命的阵痛——由传统摄影向数码摄影转变;在商业摄影领域,这种转变的趋势尤其突出,主要在于高像素的数码相机相比传统相机所具有的更大性优势。通过对比传统胶片摄影与数码摄影的差异,从而对数码摄影有一个较完整的认识。了解其在商业摄影领域的一些较新技术的应用。了解数字技术给摄影带来的一种全新的创作理念和较不同的摄影创作方式。在当代数字时代里,商业摄影的数字化是一个必然的发展进程。     

漫谈生态摄影(一)

<正>随着摄影艺术的大众化,喜欢生态摄影的人愈来愈多。然而,有许多人还不甚了解什么是生态摄影,为什么要搞生态摄影,怎样进行生态摄影等等。应生态摄影爱好者的要求,从本期开始漫谈生态摄影。     

摄影课堂全40期要点精编

我们以旅游风光摄影为题材,简明扼要地讲述了摄影的基本要领、技术技法、艺术语言表现方式和数码摄影常识等。为了总结所学课程,巩固和提高摄影水平,本期将摄影课堂所讲要点总结提出,以便大家在摄影创作时加以参考。     

浅谈商业摄影中色彩的运用技巧

摄影作品中的技术处理有很多,但是商业摄影中的色彩运用是最关键的技术之一。本文通过对色彩的特性以及构成的阐述,分析了色彩在商业摄影中的配置,以及在风景商业摄影和人物商业摄影中的搭配应用,以期帮助摄影者占据摄影的主动,最大程度上利用色彩来完成摄影主题的表达。     

宋瓷铭文中的佛教世俗化倾向

本文通过对宋代瓷器铭文中有关佛教内容的分析,结合佛教在中国流传的历史过程,阐述宋代佛教的世俗化倾向。尽管目前所知的与佛教有关的宋代瓷器铭文资料十分有限,难以全面解答佛教在中国的世俗化问题,但铭文中的内容却无可非议地昭示着佛教进入普通平民的生活后,那种大众化、实用化、民俗化的特征。     

晚清湘学发展的县学因素

湘学在经历了元、明时期的相对沉寂之后,进入了晚清繁盛时期。促成这一时期的繁盛现象,除了学术发展内在的规律及客观环境外,县域人文因素或曰县学的积淀,是重要的元素。新化邓显鹤于湖湘文献特别是船山遗书的收集整理、湘乡曾国藩经世理学士人群体的崛起、浏阳谭嗣同对中西学术的融通,促成了晚清湘学的发展与转型。     

Constructions of cosmopolitanism in teenage citizenship in Singapore

This study aims to uncover the geographies of places informing teenagers' understanding of cosmopolitanism and citizenship. Children and young people (CYP) in Singapore are becoming more internationally mobile and growing up in highly globalised Singapore. There are three overall arguments in this paper. First, the local is the actual place to situate studies on cosmopolitanism and that cosmopolitanism should be considered as a dimension of deterritorialised citizenship amongst CYP growing up in highly globalised nation-states. There are ‘roots and routes’ approaches to citizenship and my second argument is that the ‘routes approach’ to citizenship has ingrained cosmopolitan experiences into young people's life-worlds and is arguably the stronger approach of the two for young Singaporeans. Finally, this study demonstrates that the experiences of CYP in geographies of education [Holloway, S. L., P. Hubbard, H. Jöns, H. Pimlott-Wilson. 2010. “Geographies of Education and the Significance of Children, Youth and Families.” Progress in Human Geography 34 (5)] are credible yet neglected life-worlds that can help reconstitute frameworks for understanding cosmopolitanism and citizenship [Harvey, D. 2000. “Cosmopolitanism and the Banality of Geographical Evils.” Public Culture 12 (2)].     

The Primacy of Science in Modernity,of Technology in Postmodernity,and of Ideology in the History of Technology

The abrupt reversal of culturally ascribed primacy in the science–technology relationship—namely, from the primacy of science relative to technology prior to circa 1980, to the primacy of technology relative to science since about that date—is proposed as a demarcator of postmodernity from modernity: modernity is when ‘science’ could, and often did, denote technology too; postmodernity is when science is subsumed under technology. In support of that demarcation criterion, I evidence the breadth and strength of modernity’s presupposition of the primacy of science to and for technology by showing its preposterous hold upon social theorists—Marx, Veblen, Dewey—whose principles logically required the reverse, viz. the primacy of practice; upon 19th and 20th century engineers and industrialists, social actors whose practical interests likewise required the reverse; and upon the principal theorizers in the 1970s of the role of science in late 20th century technology and society. The reversal in primacy between science and technology ca 1980 came too unexpectedly, too quickly, and, above all, too unreflectively to have resulted from the weight of evidence or the force of logic. Rather, it was a concomitant of the onset of postmodernity. Oddly, historians of technology have remained almost wholly unacknowledging of postmodernity’s epochal elevation of the cultural standing of the subject of their studies, and, specifically, have ignored technology’s elevation relative to science. This I attribute to the ideological character of that discipline, and, specifically, to its strategy of ignoration of science.     

从1902年霍乱传播模式看清末北方社会

在晚清行将告罄的1902年,霍乱作为一个历史进程的指标,敏感地反映了开埠通商前后中国北方社会环境的剧烈变化:疫区的盈缩反映出区域商贸交往体系的成型及港口的兴衰;城乡传播模式的沿海环绕及内陆、沿海轻重疫区的清晰分层则暗示出其时区域人口交往密度的沿海大倾斜。而现代交通工具的介入,则从速度上悄然影响着霍乱的传播区域。     

Signs of sinusitis in times of urbanization in Viking Age-Early Medieval Sweden

The influence and possible negative impact on sinus health of living conditions in rural and urban environments in Viking Age (AD 800–1050) and Early Medieval Sweden (AD 1050–1200) is investigated. Skeletal samples from 32 rural settlements in the Mälaren Valley (AD 750–1200) and burials in the nearby proto-urban port of trade Birka (AD 750–960) are examined. Based on the diagnostic criteria for maxillary sinusitis used in earlier studies, the results show that there is no significant difference in the prevalence of signs of sinusitis between the two materials (i.e. the Mälaren Valley versus Birka). Consequently, this provides no evidence that living in a proto-urban environment had a negative impact on sinus health. However, when compared with previously studied samples from the early medieval town Sigtuna, dated to AD 970–1100, the populations of the Mälaren Valley and Birka show significantly lower frequencies of bone changes interpreted as chronic maxillary sinusitis (95%, 70% and 82% respectively). This implies that the urban environment of Sigtuna could have led to impaired sinus health. There is also a significant difference between males and females in the Birka material, in which more females (100%) than males (68%) were affected. A gender based differentiation in work tasks is suggested by this, or exposure to environmental risk factors that affect sinus health. No difference between males and females could be detected in the samples from the Mälaren Valley and Sigtuna.     

南阳汉画像石的浪漫主义精神

南阳汉画是汉文化的载体,展现了瑰丽奇异的浪漫主义世界。汉画中的神仙世界充满了深刻的寓意和神秘的象征,反映了汉人浓厚的升仙思想,神灵大都以人兽同体的形象出现;人神杂处的世界是一个怪诞奇异、富于幻想的世界;对世俗生活的描绘透露出汉人积极乐观的生活态度。南阳汉画艺术与远古图腾、原始歌舞、商周文明、楚文化等一脉相承,密不可分。     

四川地区潮湿气候环境下的馆藏陶瓷器文物的保护与修复

馆藏陶、瓷器文物的保护与修复,是文物保护与修复工作之一。由于各种原因,长期以来,全国从事陶、瓷器文物保护与修复的专业技术人员并不多,四川省博物馆在馆藏陶、瓷器文物的保护与修复工作中积累了一定的经验,因地制宜,探索出一套适合在四川地区潮湿气候环境下进行馆藏陶、瓷器文物的保护与修复的经验,以及如何正确选用保护材料和具体实施的方法与步骤。     

疑经变古思潮中的宋代易学考辨

在宋代的经学领域,疑经变古思潮渐趋兴盛,促使易学考辨多维度、全方面展开。北宋欧阳修首先向孔子作《易传》（《十翼》）的传统观点发难,孔子与《易传》的关系也由此成为易学研究中的重要问题而备受关注。南宋学者又进一步深入,或借之佐证、充实自身的理学思想体系;或藉以批判理学空疏的“义理”、“心性”。肇始于宋代的易学考辨对中国传统经学史、易学史乃至辨伪学史都产生了深远影响。     

Genealogies of Practice in and of the Environment in Banda,Ghana

Despite recent emphases on both environmental archaeology and practice theory in archaeology, the two are rarely combined. In this paper, we illustrate a genealogies of environmental practice approach that seeks to understand how human actions grounded in familiar repertoires make sense of environmental and political economic change. Employing archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data, we first examine taxon-specific genealogies of practice and then compare them to one another as well as to broader climatic, political, and economic contexts of the last millennium in Banda, west central Ghana. In focusing on the interactivities between different kinds of data, we coax out the strategies used by Banda’s inhabitants to cope with fluctuating environmental and political conditions. We argue that during a several centuries long drought in the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries ad, Banda villagers took advantage of a diverse set of economic activities to cope with turbulence, but by the late nineteenth century, these opportunities had dwindled, diminishing the villagers’ practical options.