南宋四川端平铁钱

端平钱为南宋理宗端平年间(1234-1236年) 所铸。有铜、铁两种。铜钱有元宝、通宝、重宝之分。一般是重宝较少。铁钱有元宝、通宝,多为折五、折十大钱、幕皆有著文,而小平、折二钱则较少。四川端平铁钱,背文繁多而复杂,亦和其他地区端平铁钱相似,多为元宝、通宝折五大钱。现分述如次: 一、端平通宝:币文为直读的“端平通宝”铁钱,其背文有“惠伍”二字,即邛州惠民监(在今蒲江、邛崃两县间的大塘镇) 所铸的当五铁钱。其纪范则分东西两系,每系又分上、中、下三种。     

南宋绍熙元宝背“光二”铁钱

南宋绍熙元宝背“光二”铁钱刘恩甫南宋光宗名,孝宗之子,在位五年,铸有铜铁钱。单在铁钱中,背就有春、同、汉纪地纪年钱。光州定城监也铸过铁钱,但极罕见。罗伯昭先生在《泉币》上曾云：“余藏绍熙背‘定二’、‘定三’者三数品,若背‘光’者仅翁宜泉古泉汇考载其目...     

浅谈四川阆中发现的崇庆元宝钱

浅谈四川阆中发现的崇庆元宝钱盛观熙“崇庆元宝”篆书折五钱系金代＊卫绍王完颜永济于崇庆元年（１２１２＊年）所铸，同时期铸造的有通宝和元＊宝两类，通宝钱钱文真书、直读，背＊郭平素无文，有小平、折二两式；无宝钱钱文篆书，旋读，外郭较宽，背＊郭平素无文，制作...     

端平铁钱背文纠误

南宋理宗赵昀于公元1234年改元端平,端平年号仅用三年(公元1234年～1236年),端平年间铸有端平铜、铁钱。端平铁钱钱有元宝、通宝,币值有小平、折二、当五、当十,钱背多有字。     

四川蒲江惠民监遗址出土宋窖藏铁钱

四川蒲江惠民监遗址出土宋窖藏铁钱龙腾,陈志勇１９９２年４月２９日,四川蒲江县大兴乡水口村农民廖小玉发现一处宋代窖藏铁钱。县文管所、人民银行县支行同志即往调查。该窖藏在宋代铸造铁钱的惠民监遗址范围内,出土窖藏的圆形土坑直径５０,深４０,坑口原离地表１００厘米,窖藏因逐年挖土暴露。窖藏宋代铁钱２５公斤,２８００多枚。由于窖坑挖在山坡上的黄色粘土层中,锈蚀程度较轻,８０％以上的钱文可以识别,归类统计,共计２５２种。最早的是北宋初的宋元通宝,最晚的是南宋理宗端平通宝。钱径最小为１．９,最大的为３．５厘米。其中四川铸造铁钱１９０种,陕西铸造１种,湖北铸造４９种;安徽铸造１２种。蒲江是宋代铸铁钱机构惠民监所在地,光绪十八年（１８９２年）,曾出土大批铁钱,“有隶书圣宋,有篆、楷两种隆兴”,“皆旧谱所无①”。蒲江这次出土的铁钱中,有１０个新品种,是《古钱大辞典》、《中国古钱谱》、《中国钱币》所未载的,其中四川铁钱９种：１．绍兴通宝,真书,直读。钱径２厘米,出土５枚。２．庆元通宝,篆书,直读。钱径２．３厘米。出土１枚。张崇懿说：“按篆文钱自绍熙而止,以到后惟用楷书”。②该钱出现否定了此说。３．嘉泰元宝,真书,旋读。钱径３．１     

南宋四川端平铁钱

端平钱为南宋理宗端平年间(1235—1236)所铸。有铜、铁两种。铜钱有元宝、通宝、重宝之分,重宝较少。铁钱有元宝、通宝,多为折五、折十大钱,幕皆有文,而小平、折二钱则较少。     

高邮出土南宋铁钱补录

南宋铁钱已清理出不同品种四百余种,在《中国钱币》中陆续刊出。在继续清理过程中又发现了新品二十种。其中有六种年号钱。背文纪监钱二种、纪年九种、其它三种(见附表、附图)。南宋铁钱铸造监首次清理发现十监。这次新发现一枚“淳熙元宝”背穿上“泉”为前所不载。查丁氏《大辞典》、《图说》均有淳熙元宝背“泉”真篆两种铜钱。这枚背“泉”铁     

乾道元宝背“春”铁母

南宋孝宗乾道年间(1165—1173年),所铸乾道元宝铜钱有真篆两种书体,并有光背与星月之分,别见背铸“正”字者;铁钱则有背“同”、“松”、“春”、“邛”诸字,是为纪钱监名。     

汉公孙述铸币问题探讨

四川是历代铁铸铸造闻名之域,亦为“铁钱汇萃之区”。在货币铸造史上,“以铁为钱,始于公孙述据蜀也”。说明蜀地不仅是铁钱营集之地,而且还是铁钱发源之所。 公孙述,字子阳。扶风茂陵(今陕西兴平东北)人。新莽时,为导江卒正。“后起兵,据益州称帝”。其间始铸铁钱。     

四川近年出土的两宋铁钱考述

最近几年,在四川资中、绵竹、雅安、隆昌、名山、芦山等县,相继出土了大量两宋时期的铁钱。除少量为当时安徽同安监,湖北春监、汉阳监和陕西虢、商二州所铸外,绝大部分是四川地区铸造。这批川铸宋铁钱。时间跨度大,覆盖面广。最早的是宋太祖乾德或开定间(965-970年) 的“宋元通宝”。最晚的是宋理宗景空间(1260-1264年) 的“景定通宝”,含括了两宋在川所置主要铁钱监的铸品。其中还不乏传世极少或旧钱谱图象失载的稀有珍品,如“宋元通宝”、“太平通宝”、“靖康通宝”、“嘉熙通宝”、“景定通宝”、“隆兴元宝”(旋读)、“绍熙元宝”(真     

DEFINITION OF THE BOUNDARY OF MOSCOW'S ACTIVE ZONE OF INFLUENCE

The present boundaries of Moscow's suburban zone are tested by delineating a so-called zone of active influence of Moscow city based on demographic structure and the significance of commuting to work in the city. The most favorable age-sex structure, with a high percentage of population in the working age groups and a relatively high percentage of children, is found in a zone within 50 to 60 kilometers from the city limits. This zone generates a daily flow of more than 500,000 commuters to places of employment in Moscow, 90 percent of whom spend less than 110 to 120 minutes traveling each way. These commuters represent about 2 percent of the total working-age population in the suburban zone. On the basis of the demographic structure and commuting linkages, Moscow's zone of active influence is therefore defined as the zone within which 90 percent of the commuters reside, or within 52 kilometers of the city limits. This conforms roughly to the present definition of the suburban zone.     

多情境下城市时空间行为的社会分异——以北京不同住房来源居民为例

近年来,居民时空间行为的社会分异已成为学者们广泛关注的话题。然而,已有关于居民时空间行为的社会分异研究中,缺少对于居民活动情境的社会分异的研究。因此,本研究基于时间地理学中对人类活动的情境嵌入性与情境的不同维度的相关理论,以北京清河街道为例,分析不同住房来源居民在日常情境、地理情境和社会情境下的时空间行为的社会分异,尝试从多个情境维度拓展对时空间行为社会分异的理解。研究发现,市场性住房居民“朝九晚五”的活动特征明显,活动同伴选择外向性突出;单位性住房居民职住相对接近,在社区空间内分配时间最长且活动目的多样;安置性住房居民活动较为分散,地理情境与社会情境都呈现出“家庭内向性”特征;保障性住房居民非工作活动的“滞后性”明显,对社区空间的时间分配总体较低。除住房来源因素与个人社会经济因素外,建成环境因素对于居民对社区空间的使用有显著影响。     

基于旅游者网络关注度的旅游景区日游客量预测研究——以不同客户端百度指数为例

网络搜索引擎是旅游者获取旅游信息的最重要入口,百度指数通过反映关键词被搜索的次数表征旅游者的网络关注度。文章以三清山为例,首先利用协整理论及格兰杰因果检验分析了PC端和移动端百度指数与实际游客量之间的关系,进一步建立日游客量ARMA模型和分别加入PC 端和移动端百度指数的VAR模型,对游客量预测结果及预测能力进行比较分析,以期通过不同客户端、不同搜索关键词来填补游客量预测过程中旅游网络数据提取的单一性,得到更好的预测效果。发现移动端比PC端百度指数模型具有更好的预测效果,移动端比PC端百度指数对实际游客量的变动具有更好的解释能力。     

A LYONS BRANCH OF THE POTTERY-MAKING FIRM OF ATEIUS OF AREZZO

Fifty-one waster sherds of Terra Sigillata (～20-0 b.c. ) from Arezzo, Italy and Lyons, France have been chemically analysed for twenty-eight elements by neutron activation and seven by X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elemental abundances were measured with high precision and cross-comparisons of the two techniques of measurement (and sample preparation) give added insight as to their relative precision, the calibration differences and the extent to which volatile materials such as carbonate or water influence the results. The sherds from Arezzo formed a homogeneous and distinctive chemical group while all but two of those from Lyons were classified into three such groups. Two of the Lyons groups (MML A and MML B) were from Montée de La Muette and one was from Loyasse. Four additional sherds from houses excavated in Strasbourg and one from Lyons, all of which bore the signature of the famous Anetine pottery-making firm of Ateius, were also analyzed by the same techniques. These signed sherds all had the same composition pattern and it closely matched one of those from Montée de La Muette (MML A) in Lyons. It is therefore suggested that these five sherds bearing the Ateius signature were made in the general vicinity of Lyons and were part of the output of an as yet unknown Gallic branch of the firm of Ateius.     

城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆研究——以南京夫子庙街区为例

伴随全球化和城市化的快速推进,城市街巷空间的原生态环境和文化生活气息开始退变,城市记忆逐渐缺失,趋同化和均质化的城市危机显现。为此,选取南京夫子庙街区作为典型个案,采用认知地图、口述访谈和GIS空间统计方法,实证研究城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆,发现居民对夫子庙街巷空间的集体记忆呈现"光环区"→"亚光环区"→"缓冲区"→"盲点区"依次递减的特征和规律,"平民化"的城市设计理念缺失成为重要诱因。街巷空间作为城市公共空间的重要组成部分,具有特定的历史内涵与场所精神,其担负的集体记忆保护功能,应该引起学界和社会各界的广泛关注。     

THE PUBLICATION OF--＂BANQUETS OF WISES-THE TRANSLATION OF THE HISTORY OF TUBO＂

<正>Bawo Tsukla Chengwa(1504-1566) is the author of Banquets of Wises (in Tibetan,it is Lho-brag-chos-vbyung for short).The book has five volumes of which the mo...     

ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL-TERRITORIAL COMPLEXES OF UNION REPUBLICS

Differences in industrial development of the Soviet union republics are found to persist, and the basic factors are analyzed. The presence of a skilled labor force is an important factor in insuring a high level of industrial output per capita and a high rate of return on capital. However, the distribution of labor-intensive industries does not always conform to the availability of labor resources. Such industries have reached a high level in the Baltic republics, where the reproduction rate is low and additional labor must be brought in from the outside, and they have not been fostered in Central Asia, where the rate of natural increase is high. The emphasis on resource-based industries that is characteristic of some republics (oil and gas in Azerbaydzhan and Turkmenia, nonferrous metals in Kazakhstan, etc.) is usually associated with a high level of fixed assets (capital intensity) and a low rate of return as well as low levels of industrial output per capita.     

A RECORD OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE SOUL BOY OF DETRUL REINCARNATION

<正>July 4th,2010,which was also May 23rd of the irontiger year according to the Tibetan calendar,was a most auspicious day.Tibetan Buddhism welcomed this very important event,drawing lots from the golden urn to search for the soul boy of the Fifth Detrul reincarnation. Over 150 representatives from all walks of life and adherents witnessed this great event in Tibetan Buddhism in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in the Jokhang Temple.