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Stefan Berger 《European Review of History》1996,3(2):213-232
This article compares the rise and fall of ‘critical’, that is to say oppositional and emancipatory, historiography in Britain, France and Germany since 1945. It argues that the prolonged crisis of the old ‘critical’ paradigm from the late 1970s onwards had much to do with political disillusionment and methodological weaknesses. It concludes by suggesting that any new ‘critical’ historiography will have to explore the opportunities inherent in the multitude of radical histories which developed in the 1980s and 1990s (most notably history‐from‐below, cultural, feminist and post‐modernist histories), without attempting to homogenise and synthesise these diverse and separate forms of historical writing into some new super‐paradigm, which would only produce new closures and erasures. 相似文献
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Audra Simpson 《Postcolonial Studies》2017,20(1):18-33
This article takes the notion of ‘refusal’ to be an alternative to recognition politics in settler colonial society. This is argued as alternative with recourse to ethnographic examples that highlight the way in which ‘consent’ operates as a technique of recognition and simultaneous dispossession in historical cases from Indigenous North America and Australia. Attention is paid to the ways in which Indigenous life in these cases refused, did not consent to, and still refuses to be folded into a larger encompassing colonising and settler colonial narratives of acceptance, and in this, a governmental fait accompli. It is those narratives that inform the apprehension and at times, the ethnography and governance of Indigenous life and are pushed back upon in order to document, reread, theorise and enact ways out of the notion of a fixed past and settled present. 相似文献
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《Journal of Medieval History》2012,38(3):321-341
Traditional understandings of the development of the medieval English longbow and its role in the fourteenth-century ‘infantry revolution’ have recently been challenged by historians. This article responds to the revisionists, arguing based on archaeological, iconographic and textual evidence that the proper longbow was a weapon of extraordinary power, and was qualitatively different from – and more effective than – the shorter self-bows that were the norm in England (and western Europe generally) before the fourteenth century. It is further argued that acknowledging the importance of the weapon as a necessary element of any credible explanation of English military successes in the era of the Hundred Years War does not constitute ‘technological determinism’. 相似文献
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《Journal of Historical Geography》2005,31(1):134-148
The paper consciously ranges beyond the major legislative ‘milestones’ of increasing environmental concern to focus on the circumstances in which the Public Health (Coal Mine Refuse) Bills of 1939 were promoted and enacted, as an illustration of the range of strategies deployed by central and local government, and trade associations, in allaying criticisms of the effects of atmospheric pollution. ‘Bing’ is a Nordic word meaning heap, often used to describe the spoil left by mineral working. There was increasing protest in the 1930s as to the damage caused to public health and amenity by the spontaneous combustion of such colliery wastes. The knowledge and understanding gained by the ‘expert’ Alkali Inspectorate in extinguishing and preventing such fires enabled ministers to claim an ‘administrative’ response would suffice, namely of working with industry in curbing such pollution. Members of Parliament and local authorities, exploiting such local instances as the ‘burning bing’ of the Cardowan Colliery, pressed for legislation. It required an exogenous factor, namely the civil-defence precautions taken against enemy bombers, to force industrial interests to concede, at least temporarily, the feasibility of more comprehensive action in suppressing and preventing such fires. Post-war technological advances enabled such concession to become permanent. Beyond the immediate improvement to the physical environment, such mid-century experience caused an increasing array of interests to engage with issues that came closely to be associated with ‘an environmental revolution’ around 1970. 相似文献
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Wayne Cristaudo 《European Legacy》2017,22(2):146-162
This article examines the importance of Calvinism in producing the public/political “mind-set” of the United States, and how, after the Second World War, the export of this mind-set was as significant as the export of democracy, rock-’n’-roll, jeans, and Coca-Cola. It discusses the historical legacy and evolution of Calvinism from a civil religion to a religion of civility, and how the form and manner of Calvinist thinking—more specifically its ethic and aesthetic—has persisted in a secular manner so that much that Calvin would have found damnable is now intrinsic to the “religion of civility.” It then concludes that the central principles and practices of this religion of civility have had success within nations already “Christianized” but, perhaps understandably, not outside of that sphere. 相似文献
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Gareth Roddy 《Contemporary British History》2019,33(1):28-51
This article explores English national identities in the early twentieth century through the regional case study of Shropshire. Building on existing research on English regions, this article addresses the scarcity of border case studies. I argue that Shropshire was perceived as a border region that, at the same time as being incorporated into the model of the South Country, was also powerfully shaped by its proximity to Wales. Shropshire was valued as an escape from commercial modernity through its countryside landscapes, as a gateway to the past through its buildings, place-names, and folk customs, as a borderland of medieval conflict with Wales, and as a mysterious region of superstitions and the supernatural. This article suggests that the motifs and themes which worked through the images of ‘Shropshire’ and ‘England’ supported an imagination of diversity, multiplicity and contradiction—not solely one of national unity. 相似文献
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Francis Lee 《History & Technology》2013,29(3):239-253
This article is about how technology and pedagogy is co‐produced in correspondence education. Theoretically the article departs from post‐Foucauldian studies of materiality, and uses the concept of dispositif to construct a framework that is inspired by Foucault, Deleuze, and Actor–Network Theory. Empirically, the article treats how the tension between educational thought on progressive individualism, scientific thinking, and automation was co‐produced with technical artifacts in correspondence education during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. The author shows how this co‐production led to a specific mode of organizing correspondence education that tried to accomplish individualization on an industrial basis, and that this mass‐individualization built on a pedagogy of testing, recording, classification, and differentiation. In conclusion the article discusses how mass‐individualization can be seen as an epitome of educational modernity’s aspiration for equality of educational opportunity and progressive thoughts on individually tailored education. Furthermore the author shows that the dispositif of mass‐individualization is closely associated to today’s educational technology, and how today’s educational technology embodies the tension in mass‐individualization. 相似文献
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《Interdisciplinary science reviews : ISR》2013,38(4):365-379
AbstractThe limitations of the ‘science-in-theatre’ genre is explored and the concept of the intermedial science play is introduced as an alternative to conventional science plays. How the science-in-theatre play dampens the mediality of the stage in order to establish a specific contract with its audience in order to realize what Carl Djerassi calls ‘didactic realism’ is considered. By virtue of the dramatic form and the didacticism it establishes, the science-in-theatre play limits the means by which audiences may encounter and enjoy responding to science. In particular, when staging concepts from the postclassical sciences, the intermedial science play offers artists and spectators new approaches to the sciences of infinities, complexity and emergence whilst also establishing a new, interactive contract with the audience based on forms of pedagogy associated with the thinking of Jacques Rancière. Using the media theory of Peter Boenisch and others, intermediality is identified as more than the mere presence of multimedia, but in terms of the effects it produce on the sensorium of the spectator. 相似文献
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Matthew H. Johnson 《Post-Medieval Archaeology》2018,52(1):49-64
SUMMARY: This paper engages with the historical archaeology of the British Isles (With one or two exceptions, I follow the usage of Kearney 2006 in preferring the term ‘British Isles’ to ‘Atlantic archipelago’, preferring the more ideologically loaded, but familiar, term over the arguably more neutral but obscure term.) as a whole. It advocates an approach that foregrounds geography and political economy, via quite simple and traditional ways of mapping variation, for example the work of Cyril Fox. It seeks to play to archaeology’s strengths: rather than seeking abstract origins, it examines how practices later labelled as ‘colonial’ emerged from an intersection of concrete material practices. 相似文献
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KATE SWANSON 《Gender, place and culture : a journal of feminist geography》2007,14(6):703-720
In this paper I examine the rhetorics that circulate surrounding the lives of young indigenous women and children who beg on the streets of Quito, Ecuador. I focus particularly on rhetorics being produced and reproduced by urban planners, social workers, religious leaders and the media. Drawing on in-depth interviews, I reveal how these groups regularly imagine indigenous women and children in terms of child exploitation/child delinquency, false manipulation of public sympathies, ignorance, laziness and filth. Indigenous women and children are further understood as being fundamentally ‘out of place’ in the city. I unravel these rhetorics in order to draw attention to how begging is differentiated according to gender, race and age and to reveal how these rhetorics become inserted into exclusionary policies and practices. Moreover, and as a counterpoint to such rhetorics, I provide an alternative understanding of women's and children's involvement in begging by drawing upon the perspectives of indigenous women and children themselves. I argue that far from being passive victims, indigenous women and children work with and around oppressive conditions and mobilise them to their own advantage. 相似文献