Our Own Monument: Landscape in the Linguistic Others of Quebec and Puerto Rico

ABSTRACT

It is common in discourse surrounding Québécois and Puerto Rican nationalism to discuss both regions in terms of their linguistic marginality to Anglo-majorities found in Canada and the USA, respectively. As two areas faced with the common American task of inventing a national identity in displaced settings in the New World, English becomes an easy “other” against which the French Quebecker and Spanish Puerto Rican may define themselves. However, language becomes a problematic means of definition when considered in relation to its intrinsically Old World origins. This paper reexamines Quebec and Puerto Rican nationalism from a larger New World perspective that focuses on the role of American landscapes and settings in conjunction with the traditional linguistic approach.     

论华中抗日根据地的优抚工作

华中抗日根据地十分注重对退伍、伤残军人和抗属的优抚工作:制定优抚法律、政策,设立社会保障机构,开展优抚政策的宣传教育,组织拜年和节日慰问活动,帮助抗属解决生产生活问题,减轻各种税费,抚恤烈士,安置伤残、退伍军人。优抚经费既包括政府拨款,也包括民间筹集。华中抗日根据地优抚工作的特点是:物质与精神保障相结合;适度保障,维持基本生活;对国民党军队一视同仁;把保障与鼓励自力更生相结合。优抚工作对于动员民众参军参战,密切党政军民关系,配合统一战线的开展等方面都具有重要的意义。     

A Worth of their Own. On Gotland in the Baltic Sea,and its 12th-century Coinage

Abstract

In about AD 1140, the island of Gotland initiated what was to become one of the most influential coinages of the medieval Baltic Sea area. This was part of a strategy to meet the impact and pressure from the world outside in a period characterised by large-scale political and ideological changes. In this situation, old and new networks were important to maintain autonomy from those aiming for dominance over the island. The coins, with an independent weight standard and an iconography inspired by NW German and Frisian coins, were one way of attracting partners to the island's main harbour, where its inhabitants could maintain control and trading peace. Coins incorporate in them the dimensions of object, text and picture. A historical archaeology of coins needs not only focus on large-scale perspectives and formal power, but must also give weight to the archaeological context, the life biography of the coins and the social negotiations behind their production and use. Thus intention and reality, symbolism and social practice may be studied to find openings to the stories behind the objects. The different dimensions of the coins together with historical sources give away plenty of information on several levels: about the networks, ideological framework, artisanship and changing loyalties of this time and area.     

论中国踏上马克思主义之路——世纪之交，侧重于思想史的回顾

20世纪之于中国,其最重大的历史事件,莫过于马克思主义在这块960万平方公里土地上,在这占世界1／4的人口中获得了统治的地位。这也决定了历史学家之于20世纪中国史,必然要把“马克思主义与近代中国”作为一个永恒的研究课题。本文侧重从思想史的角度,探讨中国是怎样踏上马克思主义之路的。     

On the Road to Colonus: Or Theory and Perversity in the Social Sciences

It is late afternoon, and two figures are seen walking slowly along a path that leads through laurel, olives, and vines towards white Colonus, earth's loveliest, where the nightingales liquid notes most haunt the darkness of green glades. They are deep in conversation, yet move with steady, purposeful strides towards an inn that cools its crisp Demesticha in the flowing waters of a spring.     

丝绸之路上的文化交流及其意义

丝绸之路自开通以来就是中国人民和中亚、西亚、东南亚以及欧洲、非洲、美洲等地区人民友好往来的重要商贸通道。这种以经济为中心的物质和精神文明交流,不仅丰富了丝绸之路沿线各个民族、国家的物质生活,还对沿线地区、民族的社会结构和文化进步产生了重要影响。     

战争对俄国发展道路的影响

俄罗斯以军事立国.莫斯科公国时代,经常性的战争状态导致了动员型社会、国家战时体制、专制主义统治和农奴制度的形成.但从16世纪到18世纪,对外战争迫使沙皇政权学习和引进西方文化以增强军事和经济力量,从而推动了俄国的欧化进程.19世纪以来,几次大的对外战争深刻地影响了俄罗斯发展道路的选择,而建立军事强国和追求帝国利益的传统目标在其中起了关键作用.     

Materiality and Autonomy in the Pocumtuck Homeland

The Indigenous people of New England’s middle Connecticut River Valley are often imagined as having been subservient to powerful tribal nations elsewhere. Yet, archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence suggests Pocumtuck independence and autonomy in relations with neighboring Native groups and with Dutch, English, and French colonizers during the seventeenth century. We employ a decolonizing framework, drawing on H.M. Wobst’s critique of the preoccupation with dominance and geopolitical “centers” to analyze this evidence. By framing artifacts, colonial texts, and cultural interactions as both past and present “material interventions,” we can generate better understandings of Pocumtuck political autonomy, agency and identity.     

From Chinese dam building in Africa to the Belt and Road Initiative: Assembling infrastructure projects and their linkages

This paper aims to build a political economic geography of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We draw on assemblage thinking and the notion of the Chinese Water Machine to examine Chinese practices and business-related outcomes of building a dam in Africa, stressing the complicated interactions between different actors. Based on fieldwork in China and Ghana, as well as documentary data, this paper argues that Chinese engagement with Africa is a global enterprise, in which players come from China, the recipient, and other countries; and that project-level organisation and implementation under BRI umbrella will also likely be a joint production by all such players, elaborated in a path dependent way but subject to the spatial embeddedness of specific projects. Yet whether BRI-related projects can advance the specific geopolitical and economic interests of China is uncertain: not only have Chinese players been co-constructing such infrastructure projects with non-Chinese players, but also Beijing's role in forging the expansion of Chinese corporations' business abroad is not clear.     

关于丝绸之路国际旅游线路开发的思考

在2000多年的历史长河中,丝绸之路一直起着联结东西方通道和桥梁的作用。它是一条联结欧亚大陆的文化通廊,使世界上不同民族的文化体系相互交流、相互学习。丝绸之路也是一条友谊之路、思古之旅。就广义而言．它应当涵盖历史上所有联结东西方的通道,其中主要包括海上和陆上丝绸之路。组织丝绸之路国际旅游．其经由路线具有突出的广义性和多选性。丝绸之路沿线各个国家、国内各省区应秉着资源共享、市场共享、信息共享、利益共享和风险共担的原则,定立共同遵守的原则并分别签订相互间的合作协议。争取尽快开通一系列国际航线．增加或开辟通往路线中各主要节点城市的国内支线航班,全面改善丝绸之路旅游的交通条件。同时加强古丝绸之路重要节点旅游资源的开发、保护和旅游产品的统一推介。鉴于丝绸之路路线、旅游方式和旅游需求结构的多样性,建议尽快编制丝绸之路国际旅游总体规划。