汪伪政府粮政述评

抗日战争时期,国统区、根据地和沦陷区都面临着十分紧迫的军需民食问题。粮食问题是关系战争各方成败的重要经济因素之一。共产党领导的抗日根据地通过减租减息与大生产运动成功地解决了这一难题①;国民党在国统区则通过实施田赋收归中央、“三征”与“限价”等粮食政策...     

陈诚计划教育理论与实践述论

陈诚主政湖北期间( 1938.6-1944.7),提出计划教育理论并主要在鄂西后方施行,推进了鄂西教育的普及与提高.计划教育是陈诚对教育实施“一场革命”所设计的教育原则和教改计划的统一体:教育权责属于国家,教育机会均等是教育的基本原则;改教师聘任制为委任制,取缔私立学校,建立以校长为中心的训育制度;中心内容是公费教育与...     

抗战时期浙江省行政改革述论

抗战时期黄绍竑主政浙江后,在抗日民族统一战线政策的影响下,实施了"刷新政治"的开明政策,采取了一系列积极的政策措施。在行政改革方面,调整各级行政机构、组建浙西行署、推行新县制、实施行政考核等,虽然在一定程度上加强了国民政府对基层政权和民众的控制,推动了浙江后方国统区的初步开发与乡村教育的进步,也有利于抗战事业的发展,但由于各种原因,还存在着许多问题,实施的成效也并不显著。     

抗战中的民生:陈诚与“新湖北”建设

抗日战争是军事作战,但背后更有经济的较量以及文化方面的对抗。国民党高级将领陈诚在主政湖北期间,明确抗战的最高原则是自力更生,从而将发展民生作为"新湖北"建设的核心,一方面采取民生主义经济政策,另一方面实施计划教育,为湖北国统区的持久抗战提供社会经济和文化方面的支持。     

论抗战时期湖北国统区的计口授粮

自1941年10月至抗战胜利后,湖北省国统区实施计口授粮的政策,其首要目的在维系省政府的统治,另外的目的还在于,在粮食紧缺的情况下,通过规定大致平均的定量粮食消费,使后方国统区民众大体维系基本的生存,从而支持持久抗战.     

宋代的公款接待

从汉代开始,中国政府机关就有了官员在上班期间享受公费用餐优惠的记录,到隋代,公费用餐有了粗略的制度,宋代时,制度日臻完善。     

日军慰安妇政策在华北地区的实施

作为日本侵华战争中除东北地区之外中国最大的沦陷区和日本发动“大东亚战争”的战略基地的华北,也是日军实施慰安妇政策最普遍和较典型的地区之一。但由于资料和证据的缺乏,目前对日军在这一地区实施慰安妇制度的具体情况的揭露还远远不够。本以笔掌握的有关资料,结合实地调查,对日军在华北地区实施慰安妇政策的情况及其特点进行了初步考察。     

费正清对抗战时期国统区的认识

费正清曾在华工作,亲身体验过抗战时期国统区的方方面面,在其之后回忆录及著作中对国统区进行了深刻解读。他对国民党在战时的政治、经济、教育等方面的政策给予了批评,对国民政府的种种弊病表达了不满。他与国民党官员、知识分子及共产党人士进行广泛接触,并有不同的评价,特别是对蒋介石及其《中国之命运》进行了批判。他还对国统区的社会生活进行描写,叙述社会各阶层的境遇。费正清对抗战时期的国统区观察,基本反映了当时的真实境况,也影响了其以后对国共问题的看法。     

抗战时期国统区筹办“地方自治”浅析

抗战时期国统区筹办“地方自治”浅析王世勇抗日战争时期,国民党政府出于各种政治需要,继续推行其所谓的＂训政＂,并以贯彻孙中山的地方自治理论相标榜,开始在国统区实施＂新县制＂,强化国民党基层政权并建立了各级自治机关。这不仅扩大了蒋介石政权的社会基础,而且...     

大宋：最完善的“公款接待”制度

从汉代开始,中国政府机关就有了官员在上班期间享受公费用餐优惠的记录,到隋代,公费用餐有了粗略的制度,宋代时,制度日臻完善。宋代规定：凡官员出差经过的地点,由地方官府或驿站负责供应公费膳食,官员平时在官府办公,享用“公用”提供的工作午餐,宰臣在政事室的专门餐厅用餐,称“堂食”;常参官每逢朝会供应一顿午饭,称“常食”或“廊餐”;官署内每10天聚餐一次,称“旬设”。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the