谈博物馆旅游开发现状及发展

<正>在现代旅游产业中,博物馆成为了文化独特概括集中并展现的一种旅游资源,受到了众多旅游者的青睐。但博物馆旅游产品单一的现状和开发经营的有限性却制约着博物馆旅游的发展。本论文通过对博物馆现代的内涵的界定,博物馆的可持续发展建设,博物馆中旅游产品纪念品等的开发与经营模式以及、博物馆旅游开发方面存在问题的原因     

博物馆与旅游的融合发展研究

文旅融合是新时期我国旅游业发展的一大趋势。针对当前文旅融合存在的问题,本文首先通过分析旅游和博物馆的关系,然后指出博物馆在文化旅游发展中出现的受众基础薄弱、缺乏创新管理、服务设施不完善及其文创产品创意不足等问题,最后提出推动博物馆与旅游融合发展文化旅游的有效策略,以期对博物馆文旅融合的发展提供参考建议。     

博物馆旅游产品开发及市场营销探讨

本文选择就博物馆旅游产品开发与市场营销策略进行分析和研究,为了确保分析和研究的全面性,设计如下研究框架。首先,阐述博物馆的功能,明确博物馆的文化教育功能、休闲旅游功能,以及二者之间的关系,其次,分析当下博物馆旅游产品开发及市场营销现状和存在的问题,预测趋势,并给出建议。旨在提高相关从业人员对博物馆旅游产品开发以及市场营销工作的重视度,发挥博物馆旅游产品的文化、教育和社会服务功能。     

文旅融合背景下博物馆旅游资源开发

在文旅融合背景下,博物馆作为重要的文化遗产保护与传播机构,不仅承载着丰富的历史文化内涵,还拥有巨大的旅游资源价值。加强对博物馆旅游资源的开发与利用,可以为文化遗产的传承、经济的发展以及丰富人民群众的精神生活提供有力支撑。本文通过分析博物馆资源及其特点发现,可以通过以下途径促进博物馆旅游资源开发：一是挖掘本地文化特色,开发优质文创产品;二是加强合作与资源共享,丰富旅游产品内容;三是博物馆牵手“非遗”,增强文旅融合潜力。     

国内外博物馆旅游研究综述

本文分析了一定数量的国内外博物馆旅游相关文献,对博物馆旅游及其相关研究进行了分类比较阐述,发现国外博物馆与城市、社区、遗产旅游的融合是社会发展的趋势,几者之间相互促进,为双方带来了新的发展机会,促进了博物馆旅游研究的发展,对研究博物馆旅游及其作为城市旅游的重要载体具有一定的借鉴作用。我国博物馆旅游资源丰富,开始注重博物馆概念的泛化,出现了"生态博物馆"、"开放式博物馆"、"活态博物馆"等一系列的专题研究,可见,国内博物馆旅游开发领域正在不断拓展,要以发展的、创新的理念来开发国内博物馆旅游。     

论博物馆旅游与文化创意产业的结合

博物馆旅游和文化创意产业之间有着较大的关联。最近几年,国家博物馆领域逐渐重视博物馆旅游对于文化创意产业的不断发展所具有的重要意义,并全面摸索、研发各式各样的文化产品,为人民大众提供差异化、多元化的文化服务,增强其社会影响力。文章在给出博物馆旅游与文化创意间的联系的基础上,对博物馆旅游与文化创意产业的结合进行了深入地研究。     

浅析博物馆免费开放后旅游纪念品的开发与利用

博物馆以其丰富珍贵的藏品和独具特色的展览吸引着众多的游客,人们在欣赏展品的同时,希望能购买到自己喜爱的文物复制品及纪念品。鉴于此,各博物馆在免费开放后如何继续开发具有本馆特色的旅游产品及一系列的营销工作,就显得至关重要。而旅游产品的定位、开发和市场营销手段的应用,也是根据博物馆的特点来制定的。所以说,文化产业是以文化人、以文促产,即文化是灵魂。如何搞好博物馆的文化产业,旅游纪念品是首选。     

博物馆与会展旅游的双赢策略及其评估模型——以中国丝绸博物馆参与杭州西湖博览会为例

会展旅游作为一种新型的旅游方式,拥有广阔的市场前景以及丰厚的利润回报,是正处于转型期的我国旅游业的又一发展动力源。博物馆作为一种文化休闲场所,具有开发会展旅游的先天优势,但大多数博物馆忽视了正在快速成长的会展旅游市场。本文通过中国丝绸博物馆参与杭州西湖博览会这一案例,首先对两者进行了一个总体的介绍,然后分别就博物馆和会展旅游提出了双赢策略,尝试运用营销策略来发展博物馆事业,同时构建了一个双赢效果评估模型,以此对两者的双赢效果进行一个定量的分析,旨在为21世纪我国博物馆与会展旅游的持续、1建康发展提供一种新的思路。同时,希望借此推动国内博物馆界、会展界和旅游界对两者的进一步研究。     

从“太平天国忠王府”文物旅游开发看博物馆走市场经济之路

苏州博物馆以太平天国忠王府物旅游产品为品牌,在市场上树立了博物馆的企业形象,取得了良好的社会效益和明显的经济效益。     

论博物馆纪念品设计开发研究

旅游纪念品开发是博物馆文化创意产业的重要组成部分。将博物馆自身藏品的文化元素、形象符号以及当地的文化元素融入纪念品中,是博物馆文化传播、宣传的新途径。本文通过对国内外博物馆纪念品开发现状分析,根据国外博物馆纪念品企业化经营的成功策略,提出我国博物馆纪念品设计开发的思路策略与营销模式,从而提升博物馆纪念品的独特性及品质,满足博物馆纪念品市场的需求,实现博物馆旅游可持续发展。     

Heritage,Tourism and Museums: the case of the North Atlantic islands of Skye,Scotland and Prince Edward Island,Canada

Heritage tourism, and the products and experiences related to it, represent a growing attraction in international tourism and the museum is a potential partner in the development of heritage activities for tourists. This paper explores the relationship between tourism and museums and analyses their roles in relation to heritage. It recognises that the shared characteristics of tourism and museums provide a basis for the two to work together in the development of heritage tourism. This exploration is illustrated by the comparison of case studies of legislated museum provision and their relation to tourism on two North Atlantic islands. In conclusion, the paper argues that while in some cases museums may be seen as somewhat reluctant partners in the process of heritage tourism they are in fact constrained by traditional roles and responsibilities and influenced by both differing jurisdictional contexts and views as to their functions.     

Pioneer Living 1963 Style: Imaginations of Heritage in a Post‐war Canadian Suburb

This article connects the origins of a Canadian living history museum to the cultural and social developments of 1960s suburban Canada. Although there exists a strong literature on heritage and commemoration in Canada (and around the world), few scholars have looked explicitly at museums in that country. The literature on history museums elsewhere in the world is stronger. However, despite the strengths of this international literature, its focus has been on the use of museums in the present. An important aspect of the use of heritage, the historical contexts in which past museum visitors interpreted museum themes and displays, has not received much attention. This article argues that museum patrons of the 1960s, the decade in which many living history museums were founded, saw pioneer villages in the context of their own modernising lifestyles. However much Black Creek Pioneer Village might reflect anxiety about the direction of modernity, it also framed the past in ways that legitimated modern, suburban living.     

从上海世博会看城市文化建设与博物馆的关系

2010年上海世博会的主题"城市,让生活更美好",诠释了城市文化建设与博物馆的关系。随着我国经济文化建设事业的不断深入发展,不同门类的博物馆作为城市文化的标志性建筑如雨后春笋般地出现;其所陈列展览的内容是这些城市或地区历史文化的缩影。一座城市若没有博物馆就彰显不出其高雅的文化品位,因为它表现了该城市及其所在地区的文化底蕴,并给人们提供着丰富的精神食粮。伴随着现代化的社会进程,博物馆与城市文化建设之间相互依存关系显得更加密切,所以,我们在进行城市文化建设时,要把博物馆事业的发展放到突出的位置。     

中国旅游投资增长质量的时序动态变化与地区差异

旅游投资增长质量对旅游业高速发展和产业转型升级至关重要。利用1999-2014年中国旅游投资省际面板数据,从产出效率与运行过程两方面,系统分析了旅游投资增长质量的时序动态变化与地区差异。结果表明：①考察期内旅游投资增长产出效率提升明显,并处于中高水平。但东中西区域差异明显,中西部旅游投资增长效率低于东部地区,具有一定阶梯性。②旅游投资增长时序波动性较明显,呈现出时冷时热的变化态势,体现出总体稳定性欠佳。东中西区域的稳定性也较差,但自2011年后有所改善。③旅游投资增长协调性不好,表现为旅游投资增长滞后于旅游发展需求。旅游产品（项目）开发与相关基础设施建设,还无法满足快速增长的旅游新需求。这为提升旅游投资质量提供了新的参考与依据。     

Strategic management for visitor-oriented museums

Abstract: Strategic management is a familiar concept in for-profit organisations but is relatively new to museums. This paper presents and discusses a model of strategic management for visitor-oriented museums that aims to be more comprehensive than current approaches. It shows how museums can overcome the tension between the strategic demand to develop visitor-oriented museum services and the duties and social mandate of museums as public institutions that are defined by cultural policy—enabling access to cultural heritage, promoting broad cultural participation and providing informal education. Visitor-oriented strategic museum management is concerned with attracting a variety of visitors as well as the development of museum services that are appropriate to diverse museum audiences. The model presented here emphasises the comprehensive strategic management concept. Audience research and evaluation are shown to be valuable analytic and revision tools for strategic management in visitor-oriented museums.     

文旅融合下的博物馆公众服务:新理念、新方法

文化与旅游深度融合,既是博物馆发展的重大契机,也是博物馆面临的全新挑战。博物馆旅游成为新的旅游形式,这批游客也成为新的博物馆观众。因此,博物馆要创新公众服务的理念与方法,对社会公众进行分众调研、分众服务,主动引导社会公众欣赏历史艺术、体验美好生活;找准博物馆的旅游定位,将博物馆打造成为兼有历史、人文等多种价值的文化景观;构建"博物馆+"的连接模式,为社会公众提供更好的文化服务。     

THE SYNTAX OF OBJECTS AND THE REPRESENTATION OF HISTORY: SPEAKING OF SLAVERY IN NEW YORK

The representation of history continues to evolve in the domain of museum exhibitions. This evolution is informed in part by the creation of new display methods—many of which depart from the traditional conventions used to achieve the "museum effect"—in part by an increased attention to the museum-visitor relationship. In this context the ethical force of bearing witness, at times a crucial aspect of the museum experience, has emerged as a particularly compelling issue. In seeking to represent and address atrocity, injustice, and the abrogation of human rights, museums have the potential to become "sites of conscience" and to encourage "historical consciousness." Through a series of three exhibitions devoted to slavery, the New-York Historical Society demonstrated how such sites can be constructed and how objects can be deployed to represent extreme or "limit cases." In this review/essay I investigate and interrogate these exhibitions, looking closely at the use of objects as a source of "indirect testimony" (Marc Bloch) and at the "dialogical situation" (Paul Ricoeur) that might arise in an encounter among objects, exhibit narratives, and visitors. Thinking in terms of point of view, I look at the variety of rhetorical platforms from which objects speak in these exhibitions; thinking in terms of syntax, I look at the effects of ordering and of the radical juxtaposition of objects; thinking in terms of irony, I look at the provocations of double-voiced narratives and at how objects are used to support those historical sentences.     

西方国家历史文化旅游发展的现状和趋势

本文总结了历史文化旅游的特点。进而预测西方历史文化旅游将有如下发展趋势:1.文化吸引物的管理、筹资与营销变得更专业化;2.在全球化和区域化的背景下,政府和企业的强力推动使文化吸引物供应过剩,同时文化产业内部合作的缺乏,最终导致竞争的加剧;3.广泛运用网络、信息、虚拟等高新技术;4.必须采取新的手段来适应游客体验不断变化的特点。我们可以增加新项目、利用新主题组合旅游吸引物、举办大型城市或地方文化活动来吸引越来越多的旅游者和休闲者。     

Zoos as heritage tourism attractions: A neglected area of research?

Abstract

Zoos are a form of museum.¹ The main difference between zoos and other forms of museum is that zoos exhibit living objects. These objects are examples of natural heritage. Unlike other museums, the focus of much research in the past decade, zoos appear under‐researched. Zoos, however, are significant tourist attractions. There are over 10,000 zoos worldwide,² many in major world cities and some attract millions of visitors annually. Zoos date back at least three thousand years, but their role has been changing in the past twenty‐five years from menageries to conservation centres. Concern recently has focused on animal welfare when wildlife is in captivity, and this has led to a re‐examination of the purpose of zoos. This article examines the aims of zoos, their nature as heritage‐tourism attractions and the profile of zoo visitors. In an attempt to establish a new research agenda, the article also examines issues about the future of zoos, including questions concerning potential and real conflict between their educational, scientific and entertainment roles.     

Museums and cultural sustainability: stakeholders,forces, and cultural policies

This paper explores the relationship between museums, cultural sustainability, and cultural policies. Specifically, it offers a theoretical model for the sustainable development of museums and a process for designing appropriate cultural policies for museums with cultural sustainability in mind. The case of Cyprus is used to demonstrate how strengths and gaps in cultural sustainability can be identified within a broader museum environment. The study examines the main stakeholders (the state, municipalities/ communities, and individuals), types of museums (archaeological, art, ethnographic, etc.) they establish and the forces influencing their decisions (such as politics, a sense of national identity, cultural tourism, economic revitalization, and personal agendas) in order to map the Cypriot museum environment and identify the emphasis placed on different parameters of cultural sustainability. By identifying cultural sustainability strengths and gaps on a national level, it becomes easier for cultural policy-makers to design appropriate cultural policies for museums.