甘肃泾川罗汉洞石窟壁画及制作工艺研究

罗汉洞石窟始凿于北朝,是泾川百里石窟长廊的重要组成部分。作为古代丝绸之路上的重要历史文化遗产,其赋存的石窟壁画内容丰富,制作工艺特殊,对于研究泾川佛教的发展及丝绸之路文明有着重要的价值。通过罗汉洞壁画材质组成、结构特征等综合分析,壁画主体结构由内到外依次为支撑体,粗泥层(添加有麦秸),细泥层(添加有棉花),白底层,颜料层。壁画多处可看出重层现象,内层早期壁画所采用颜料均为矿物颜料,其中红色颜料为朱砂,绿色颜料为氯铜矿,蓝色颜料为石青。而外层清代光绪年间壁画红色颜料为铁红,绿色颜料为巴黎绿,蓝色颜料为群青,橙色颜料为铁黄,黑色颜料为炭黑。通过对罗汉洞石窟壁画制作工艺进行诠释与解读,并与其他丝路沿线壁画颜料应用方面进行比对,以期促进这一丝路文化遗产的保护和利用。     

陕西省几座唐墓壁画白灰层的特性研究

为了研究唐墓壁画白灰层的特性,本研究以乾陵等7座陕西唐墓壁画的白灰层为研究对象,使用超景深显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、热分析仪和万能材料试验机测试了样品的显微结构、物相、无机物和有机物含量以及力学强度,并探讨了影响白灰层疏松程度、强度的因素。实验结果表明白灰层主要由无机物组成,包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和锰白云石,平均含量88.71%,有机物平均含量9.33%。白灰层厚度一般为3~5mm,平均孔径约1.77μm,总孔数大致为7920个/mm2,平均抗折强度约0.96MPa。无机物与有机物含量比与疏松程度呈反相关性;疏松程度与强度基本上呈反相关性。小孔径、低含水率、锰白云石可能会增大白灰层的强度。该工作深化了唐墓壁画白灰层的研究,为后期寻找更合适的渗透加固材料、工艺奠定了科学基础。     

瞿昙寺回廊佛传壁画内容辨识与风格分析

瞿昙寺回廊佛传壁画是明清之际壁画艺术的重要遗存,正在引起美术史界的高度关注。以往回廊壁画的研究多为当地考古工作者的概括描写,同时对壁画内容也未作一个完整准确的辨识,对壁画表现的艺术风格及其在中国美术史上的地位更少有涉及,本文考察了瞿县寺建寺史实,首次完整辨识瞿县寺回廊佛传壁画的内容,复原了不同时期壁画的次序,并就壁画风格进行分析。     

贡嘎曲德寺空鼓壁画修复实验研究

在西藏寺庙的壁画病害中空鼓是较为严重一类病害,贡嘎曲德寺地处雅鲁藏布江河谷,不同于布达拉宫壁画干燥的赋存环境,地下水位变化导致墙体毛细水上浸明显,传统高模数硅酸钾(PS剂)配粉煤灰作为灌浆材料在潮湿环境中易导致壁画酥碱病害。针对这一问题,通过室内实验和现场试验,筛选出以丙烯酸乳液为主剂,水硬性石灰加粘土为填料的灌浆材料,取得了良好的效果,灌浆修复后可避免壁画酥碱病害。研究结果表明,对西藏地区潮湿环境下的壁画修复,丙烯酸乳液加水硬性石灰加粘土的灌浆材料具有广泛的应用价值。     

莲花纹在西夏石窟藻井中的流变

莲花纹因其独特的造型、丰富的美感、高尚典雅的品格象征,被广泛应用于我国传统装饰纹样中。西夏时期是敦煌石窟艺术的新时期,其装饰纹样出现了新的变化。这一时期,石窟藻井装饰中莲花纹样的流变也出现了新的特征。一是在样式上由平瓣和卷瓣莲花纹逐渐向写实风格的莲花纹演变,二是在位置上由藻井井心逐渐位移到藻井边饰和四披,三是在技法上由以重线辅色向重色辅线演变。藻井装饰中莲花纹样的流变体现了西夏佛教石窟艺术在前期深受唐宋石窟艺术的影响下,逐渐形成了西夏自己的石窟装饰风格,这种变化也是西夏社会历史特别是佛教流派思想在艺术上的体现。     

江苏徐州睢宁龙头山明墓发掘报告

2013年3月,徐州博物馆和睢宁博物馆对位于江苏省徐州市睢宁县官山镇西北约10公里的龙头山明墓进行了抢救性发掘。该墓为一座仿木结构砖室墓葬,由墓道、门楼、甬道、前室、石门、后室组成。该墓有仿木构的门楼和庭院式的前后室,门楼和墓室有丰富多彩的砖雕和彩绘壁画,石门上有阴刻描金题记"看破四大满腔念头归衣钵"和"万历二十三年四月望日立",为研究明代葬制、葬俗、建筑、绘画、宗教等提供了珍贵的资料。     

美国加州圣地亚哥华人专业技术新移民的跨国认同调查与研究——移民跨国认同的个案分析

论文以美国加州圣地亚哥中国大陆的专业技术新移民为个案,通过问卷形式,从双语能力、认同类型、文化保持与文化适应、跨国活动和跨国倾向等方面对受访的华人群体进行了调查。通过对调查结果的梳理分析,得出三点结论:一是大部分受访者具有较强的中英双语能力,这既是其高度融入美国主流社会的基础,也是其较强文化适应程度的表现;二是在受访的华人群体中,规律性、经常性的跨国活动并不明显,但其跨国认同度较高;三是在受访的华人群体中,跨国认同是一个多层次、多类型的结合体,它既包括以中国人的族裔认同为主、美国人的国家认同为次的双重认同,也包括混杂性的中美双文化认同。     

从《七佛说法图》谈壁画的保护研究

故宫博物院绘画馆中陈列的《七佛说法图》堪称元代寺观壁画中的珍品,但由于受各种因素的影响,已经出现了不同程度的损坏,迫切需要采取有效的措施予以保护。本文通过对壁画现状的调查和监测,总结出导致壁画受损的主要因素,从而有针对性地提出了保护方案。同时,结合数字化技术对壁画保护的前景进行了展望。     

汶川地震导致的壁画文物震害研究——以广元市觉苑寺大雄宝殿壁画为例

为保护壁画文物,以四川省广元市剑阁县大雄宝殿为例,对汶川地震作用下殿内壁画的震害进行了研究.根据震后勘查结果,讨论了大雄宝殿壁画的典型震害症状,分析了古建筑侧脚构造对壁画抗震的有利影响.根据大雄宝殿壁画加固工艺作法及古建筑榫卯连接特点,建立了大雄宗殿的震前有限元模型.为研究汶川地震作用下壁画的震害特征,首先对其进行了模态分析,然后将模拟汶川地震波进行调幅,然后作用于大雄宝殿进行地震反应分析.通过采用时程分析法,获得了地震作用下不同时刻壁画整体的内力与变形响应峰值,并获得了典型节点的地震响应曲线.结果表明:大雄宝殿壁画开裂与空鼓的主要原因是面层与墙体粘结不牢导致的受拉破坏;地震作用下壁画保持稳定的振动状态;为提高壁画的抗震性能,壁画木框与外墙板间应加强连接,并在空隙处填塞隔震材料,同时应加强壁画本身保养工作.     

‘British India on trial’: Brighton Military Hospitals and the politics of empire in World War I

During the early years of the First World War, wounded Indian soldiers were treated at hospitals in southern England. Focussing especially on the hospital created within the Royal Pavilion complex in Brighton, this article examines the implications of an episode in which thousands of colonised subjects were located and managed within a metropolitan province. We show how the Indian hospitals became sites of concentrated imperial anxiety, with the potential to destabilise British rule in India itself as well as the English localities in which they were created. In particular, we argue that the agency expressed in Indian soldiers’ letters home generated an acute consciousness among British officials of the need to bear in mind subaltern subjects’ own networks when managing those hegemonic imperial networks that come more readily to historians’ attention.     

Prosperity,power, and change: Modeling maize at Postclassic Xaltocan,Mexico

Documenting the relationship between agriculture and political economy occupies the center of much research and debate in anthropological archaeology. This study examines this issue by focusing on maize at Xaltocan, a Postclassic community located in the northern Basin of Mexico. We consider how different mechanisms of distribution, circulation, and production can influence maize variation. We analyze maize variability through time at Xaltocan and the community’s chinampa system and interpret patterns of variation in relation to its historical trajectory. This methodological and interpretive approach offers an innovative means to understand how agricultural practices transformed in relation to changing conditions of prosperity and power, especially the links between tribute, market exchange, conflict, and regional demography. Our study also speaks to broader, dichotomous perspectives that model the organization of agricultural systems, revealing that the strategies of both agriculturalists and the state often converge at local levels.     

Institutionalization and change in cultural policy: CONACULTA and cultural policy in Mexico (1988–2006)

This paper analyses the process of institutionalization of Mexican cultural policy and its evolution after the political alternation of 2000. It demonstrates that since its institutionalization with the creation of the National Council for Culture and Arts in 1988, the objectives, definitions and bureaucratic organization of the cultural policy have not known important changes in the period studied (1988–2006). The inertia observed in Mexican cultural policy can be explained by the institutional structures’ constraints inherited from the Partido de la Revolución Institucional (The Party of the Institutionalized Revolution) and by the actors’ resistance to change.     

北周墓葬的地下空间与设施

本文通过对北周墓葬形制、随葬品布局、壁画内容和布局等资料的整理和总结,明确了北周墓葬地下空间与设施的特点。论文重点讨论了北周墓葬形制中最具特色的前后双室墓出现的背景和原因,壁龛设置的非制度性,壁画的象征意境,以及田弘墓的特殊性等问题。     

Archaeological Views of Aztec Culture

To understand Aztec society most scholars have relied heavily on the rich and abundant documents written during the 16th and 17th centuries. But new archaeological fieldwork is yielding data that supplement the documents; it offers new insights into Aztec society that contribute to comparative studies of complex societies. Publications from 1989 to 1997 emphasize (1) chronologies based on archaeological evidence rather than texts; (2) the origins of the Aztecs and the nature of the preimperial period; (3) developmental sequences and internal organization of individual sites and polities; (4) the economies of households, communities, and regions; and (5) the impact of the Aztec empire on subject regions.     

登封高村壁画墓清理简报

2003年郑州市文物考古研究所与登封市文物局在登封市告成镇高村清理出一座宋墓,墓内壁画保存完好.其中甬道西壁绘制的烙饼图色彩艳丽,为郑州宋墓仅见.     

Hockney Country

This paper reviews David Hockney RA, A Bigger Picture, an exhibition held at the Royal Academy in London, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Museum Ludwig in Cologne in 2012–3, and the associated catalogue and DVD. Geographical and historical questions, of region and space, movement and dwelling, are evident in Hockney's work in a variety of genres, in portraiture and theatre design as well as more recent excursions into landscape. Particular attention is paid to Hockney's paintings of the Yorkshire Wolds.     

From “Holocaust” to “Rational Choice”: Generational Change in Political Science

Abstract

David Walsh has demonstrated a unique gift for reading modernity sympathetically, for discerning within it a certain luminosity, in fact a distinctly Christian luminosity, without losing sight of modernity's darkest possibilities. In the magisterial concluding volume of his trilogy, he seeks to elaborate a “coherence” of modernity that is revealed not in concepts but only “through existence itself.” Finally, though, Walsh's enthusiasm for a purely open and therefore purely formal understanding of practical existence, articulated through brilliant, original, and remarkably comprehensive readings of the greatest authors of the continental tradition, seems to me to draw him very far away indeed from actual moral and political practice, and thus from the reality of our human condition. A truer and more truly “performative” attention to “the nature of practice itself” would be less inclined to praise pure freedom or openness and more solicitous of the actual horizons of common worlds, including implicit metaphysical and hierarchical elements.