北极熊 白色王国的主宰

<正>北极熊是北极地区最大的食肉动物,是这个白色王国的主宰。如果说企鹅是南极的象征,那么北极的代表自然就是北极熊了。北极熊头部较小,耳小而圆,按动物学分类属哺乳纲,熊科。雄性北极熊身长大约240厘米～260厘     

战“疫”时刻让世界见证中国力量与大国担当

At present,the Chinese government and the Chinese people are executing their fullrange of efforts to resist the onslaught brought about by COVID-19.Great progress has already been made,and the results have been rather unprecedented.Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonis,Chinese President Xi Jinping has continued to speak with foreign heads of state or government,and international organizations,either via phone,in person or through letters,in which the topics focused on prevention and control of the disease and China's efforts to reduce the impact of the epidemic on its economy.     

河南长葛出土加盖戳记的楚“郢爰”

2000年3月,长葛县官亭乡后白村砖厂在推土作业中,在一条深约2.5m、宽1.3m,东西走向的“土沟”里,发现了一些人骨和少量陶片。民工在人骨附近挖出了三枚小金块。长葛市文物管理所得到消息后,会同当地公安部门及时地介入了此事,后经多方调查,终于使得出土文物全部收缴,现入藏长葛市文管所。清理后发现三枚小金块为战国时期楚国的“郢爰”金币,现将三枚“郢爰”金币的有关情况介绍如下。编号1,基本为正方形,有一完整的“郢爰”印,印的左下角加盖有一圆形戳记,金块最长边为18.5、短边17.8、厚4.4mm,重15克,下边边缘光滑,其它边缘有切割痕迹(封三…     

“开元通宝”背巨星大铁钱的铸造年代考

陶岳《货泉录》记载 :“闽王审知铸大铁钱 ,亦以开元通宝为文 ,五百文为贯”。道光版《福建通志·钱法志》则进一步认定 :“龙德二年 (92 2 ) ,闽铸大铁钱 ,以‘开元通宝’为文 ,仍以五百文为贯。”而现存实物“开元通宝”大铁钱因背面饰纹不同有两种版别 :一是背穿上“闽” ,穿下仰月纹 ;二是背穿上巨星。人们依据上述文字记载 ,将两种版别的“开元通宝”大铁钱均归属为王审知所铸的五代闽国钱。我们通过对出土资料的分析和现存实物的观察研究 ,以及查阅相关资料记载等多方面考证 ,确认王审知所铸的“开元通宝”大铁钱仅有背穿上“闽” ,穿…     

对"袁世凯与徐世昌人像十文铜元"的几点补正

《中国钱币》 2 0 0 0年第 4期刊载郑仁杰先生大作 ,论及上述两枚被误认为出自天津造币厂的铜元 ,并举证验明其正身。笔者虽对铜币没有研究 ,但适藏有文中提及的部分资料原版 ,且拜读后对文内若干历史观点有不同看法 ,故在此予以补充 ,祈能达成郑先生“重新思考 ,互相探讨 ,寻找历史真相”的目的。见诸最早之中文钱刊记载虽说这两版铜元长久以来被国人误认为出自天津造币厂 ,但据笔者所知有关中国近代机制币最早之中文书籍 ,1 93 5年上海出版王守谦著《中国稀见币参考书》中 ,即已有记述 :“袁世凯铜圆系中华民国元年武汉造币厂所铸造……”…     

太平洋上的璀璨宝石 瑙鲁

正瑙鲁(Nauru)是位于南太平洋密克罗尼西亚群岛的一个岛国,国土面积21.3平方公里,是世界上最小的岛国,也是世界上第三小的国家,人口约9200人,瑙鲁人在这个岛上生活的历史已经有千年之久了。瑙鲁的旅游景点不多,安尼巴惹湾和布阿达湖最为著名。安尼巴惹湾位于瑙鲁岛东部的安尼巴惹区,是瑙鲁的一个大海湾,这里的海滩有瑙鲁最好的沙滩,日平均     

太平洋上的璀璨宝石 瑙鲁

<正>瑙鲁(Nauru)是位于南太平洋密克罗尼西亚群岛的一个岛国,国土面积21.3平方公里,是世界上最小的岛国,也是世界上第三小的国家,人口约9200人,瑙鲁人在这个岛上生活的历史已经有千年之久了。瑙鲁的旅游景点不多,安尼巴惹湾和布阿达湖最为著名。安尼巴惹湾位于瑙鲁岛东部的安尼巴惹区,是瑙鲁的一个大海湾,这里的海滩有瑙鲁最好的沙滩,日平均     

卷首语

为了寻找Made in China的字样,我把身边大大小小的东西都检查了一遍。我并不意外地发现,我所有电器的电池,不管是哪一国品牌,型式有多冷僻,都是中国所造。许多衣服,不论品牌,不论在哪里购买,也不令人意外地产于中国。在美国购买的手表,表面上印着小小的日本,表带的金属上却刻着中国。     

我国建立市场经济过程中的反贫困战略

我国贫困地区占全国总面积1/3以上,加速贫困地区经济发展对于我国的社会主义现代化建设具有重大意义。本文分析了贫困地区的形成原因,概述了改革开放以来扶贫开发工作的成就,在建立社会主义市场经济的新形势下贫困地区面临的挑战,提出了跨世纪的反贫困战略。     

THE CHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRIES IN THE USSR

Spatial patterns in the production of chlor-alkali chemicals (soda ash, caustic soda, and chlorine) in the USSR are examined. The opening of large new salt deposits in the Volga region in the 1950s not only increased output of soda ash considerably, but also dramatically shifted production because of soda ash's raw material orientation. In contrast, because caustic-chlorine production tends to be market oriented, it was mainly the development of chlor-organic synthesis in the 1960s and 1970s that resulted in much greater spatial dispersion of production. Overall, the industry is now in a slow-growth phase, following the rapid gains made during the postwar period. Soda ash production is actually declining, while the wide array of applications for chlorine, especially chlorinated hydrocarbons, promises continued growth for the caustic-chlorine sector.     

编辑手记

想象一下,如果伽利略还魂,看见巨型麦哲伦望远镜（GMT,上）——在他首次用镜头放大夜空的四个世纪之后,是否认得出这庞然大物,其实是他当年用来发现木星卫星、而今已显寒碜的小镜筒的后世子孙？     

THE OLIVE IN THE PREHISTORIC AEGEAN: THE EVIDENCE FOR DOMESTICATION IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE

Summary. In 1972 Colin Renfrew suggested that the rise of Mycenaean civilization may have been made possible by the development of a polycultural triad of wheat, vine and olive in the Early Bronze Age. A careful examination of the botanical and archaeological evidence for the domestication of the olive lends little support to this aspect of the thesis. The palynological evidence from various points in Greece is inconclusive, but for most areas it would seem to suggest that the intensive cultivation of olive began in the Late Bronze Age or even later.
No conclusive archaeological evidence for processing or storage of olive oil exists for any period in the Bronze Age. The question of when olive domestication took place must remain unanswered until more data are available from Early and Middle Bronze Age contexts and more conclusive botanical data have been collected.     

历史时期新疆北部城镇的形成与发展

历史时期新疆北部是草原游牧民族与汉族相互活动的区域,其城镇的形成与发展具有一定的草原文化景观特色。本文分析了新疆北部地区城镇的历史演变过程,提出其城镇萌芽于汉代前后,完善于清代后期,城镇的中心有一个从吉木萨尔-伊犁-乌鲁木齐的演变过程,并论述了新疆北部城镇形成与发展的特征和城镇发展的影响因素,得出研究历史城镇的发展对今天城镇建设与规划有一定的借鉴作用。     

清晓晨歌

这幅作品的成功之处在于作者对四姑娘山婉约美的诠释。一幅优秀的风光摄影作品,不是简单地对自然界进行克隆,艺术美是对自然美的再造,它体现了一个人的思想境界及对人生的思考。     

PROVENANCE OF THE SANDSTONE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHMER MONUMENTS IN THAILAND

We investigated the sandstone used in the construction of the Khmer monuments situated upon and around the Khorat Plateau in north‐east Thailand in order to clarify the provenance. The sandstones of the 22 investigated Khmer monuments can be classified into three groups. The sandstone of Group 1 is lithic and is derived mainly from the Khok Kruat Formation. This group includes the sandstone used at Phimai, Phnom Wan, Muang Khaek etc. The sandstone of Group 2 is siliceous and can be subdivided into three further groups. The sandstone of Group 2 is considered to have been derived from the Phu Phan, Phra Wihan or Sao Khua Formations. The sandstone used at Muang Tam, Phnom Rung, Sdok Kok Thom, Preah Vihear (Khao Phra Wihan), Narai Jaeng Waeng etc. belongs to Group 2. The sandstone of Group 3 is feldspathic and is correlated with the grey to yellowish‐brown sandstone that is commonly used in the Angkor monuments in Cambodia. This sandstone is used at Wat Phu and Hong Nang Sida in Laos. The above results reveal that the choice of sandstone used for the Khmer monuments, including the Angkor monuments, was dictated by the surrounding geology.     

BASIC PROBLEMS IN THE STAGE-BY-STAGE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT NET IN THE ZONE OF THE BAIKAL-AMUR MAINLINE

The evolution of the transport net within the BAM zone is examined in terms of three development stages. The first stage will involve the construction of the initial framework of the future transport net; aside from the BAM itself, it is recommended that consideration be given to the construction of a permanent motor road instead of the temporary construction road now envisaged. The second stage, in the author's view, should include the start of an extension of the Little BAM northward toward Yakutsk, as well as an oil pipeline (the author does not agree with the view that the BAM would replace earlier plans for a Trans-Siberian pipeline). The third stage would include a gas pipeline from the Yakutian fields to the coast; it is recommended that the gas line follow the alignment of the new railroads. No specific time frame is attached to the proposed three development stages.     

THE PHYSICAL FACTOR IN THE SYSTEM OF CONDITIONS DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN THE USSR

The generally accepted view that material-intensive industries tend to gravitate toward raw-material sources is analyzed in the case of the USSR. Primary processing is found to gravitate toward raw-material sources mainly in underdeveloped parts of the country. In the developed zone (European USSR, Urals, Transcaucasia), a significant spatial gap has developed between primary processing activities and raw-material sources as the original local resources become depleted and the industry must draw increasingly on long-haul raw materials. Several industrial groups are distinguished in terms of the pull of resource sites. In view of the current trend toward greater concentration of production (for cost-benefit reasons) and the growing volumes of production per establishment, primary processing establishments are usually dependent on more than one resource site, and this also tends to increase the length of haul. At the same time, the distribution of fuels, energy and water resources is assuming greater significance and tends to pull such industries as iron and steel, nonferrous metals, pulp and paper as well as petroleum refining toward the eastern areas of the USSR. The controversy over the location of a new integrated iron and steel plant based on ore from the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly is recalled.