A study of equatorial waves in the Indian zone

An equatorial wave campaign was conducted at Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E), Minicoy (8.3°N, 73°E) and Port Blair (11.7°N, 92.7°E) during June-July 1988. The campaign provided balloon-measured daily wind profiles at all the three stations for 48 days in the 0–30 km altitude range and rocket-measured daily wind profiles at Trivandrum for 42 days in the 31–60 km altitude range. Using these daily wind data a study was made on different equatorial wave modes present in this region. The study revealed evidence of Kelvin waves with period 12–16 days and vertical wavelength ∼ 10 km in the lower stratosphere, with period 6–9.6 days and vertical wavelength of ∼ 10–15 km in the stratospheric-lower mesospheric region and MRG waves with periods 4–4.4 days and vertical wavelength of 10 km in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.     

《礼记·月令》与《本朝月令》之比较浅说

中国的《礼记·月令》和日本的《本朝月令》同属月令文化系统,两者有同有异。本文从文本分析入手,拟从表达方式、内容规定、理论依据三个方面,对《礼记·月令》和《本朝月令》之间的同异做初步比较,进而探寻中日两国月令文化的特点。通过比较可以看出,《礼记·月令》和《本朝月令》所分别反映的中日两国的月令文化各有特点:中国的月令文化具有"原生性";日本的月令文化深受中国文化的影响,具有很强的"移植性"。     

乌拉王城与辉发王城建制的比较研究

文章论述了乌拉王城与辉发王城在建制上所具有的相同和不同点,相同点主要从两部王城在选址方面、王城的数量方面、城郭之制等方面进行比较,得出它们所具有的共同性;不同点主要从选址方面、王城发展沿革、筑城方法、都城布局等方面进行比较,找出它们的不同点。通过对它们相同点与不同点的比较,得出结论:两部王城是它们各自政治、经济、军事、文化的反映,可以说,女真人的智慧是它们存在的基础。     

清末民初中国出版物中的马克思主义

一、问题的提出 2001年是中国共产党建党80周年,许多专家学者撰稿发文,回顾、纪念中国共产党的辉煌历史.作为这一纪念活动不可或缺的重要组成部分,国内学术界对有关马克思主义在中国早期传播的研究和论述再次引起众多学者的关注.     

UNESCO's doctrine of human diversity: A secular soteriology?

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was created in 1945, in the aftermath of the Second World War. Its principal mission, as initially defined, was to establish the conditions of peaceful coexistence between nations. This mission was equivalent to an experiment in social engineering on a global scale, which consisted in working out and disseminating a new worldview based on a revised vision of humankind. In this worldview an important place was granted to a particular vision of human diversity, both cultural and genetic. The paper reconstructs the main presuppositions of UNESCO's doctrine of human diversity and examines theirs historical transformations.     

西域出土文献与印度古典文学研究

所谓西域,自古以来就有广义和狭义之称.本文所指称的西域,乃是取其狭义,即现在的新疆地区.     

Port cities and hinterlands: A comparative study of Singapore and Calcutta

This paper analyses the evolution of Singapore and Calcutta from colonial port cities to a post-colonial city-state and a city within a state, respectively. It will examine how the historical trajectories of these cities were determined and complicated by their maritime character and evolving relations with their respective hinterlands. Singapore had a fluid (literally and metaphorically) hinterland and its economic, social and cultural orientations were defined by the maritime trade that it conducted and the networks that were developed as a result of its commercial activities. The modern state of Singapore, which embraces the world as its ‘hinterland’, remains in essence a port city – subjected to global flows, multi-cultural influences and fully integrated with and dependent on regional and global commercial networks. Calcutta's position as port city, too, grew out of empire and imperial trade, but unlike Singapore, it had a clearly defined and dominant hinterland – Bengal. Its identity as a Bengali city is therefore unmistakable and it clearly shares in the strengths and weaknesses of its immediate social, economic and political hinterland, especially in its post-colonial incarnation, when it shifted from being an imperial city to a regional city.     

陈独秀早期社会思想的现代性研究

陈独秀的思想发展可以分为三个阶段,很有必要对陈独秀早期社会思想进行研究.陈独秀早期社会思想的主要内容可概括为四个方面:个人与社会;经济与社会;政治与社会;社会发展.陈独秀早期社会思想的现代性意义主要表现在两个方面:一是陈独秀早期社会思想在近代思想史上的历史地位:二是陈独秀早期社会思想对于民族文化发展方向的启示.     

An early illustrated comparative anatomy of the brain: Samuel Collins' A Systeme of Anatomy (1685) and the emergence of comparative neurology in 17th century England

The concept of comparing of the brains of various animals and of individual human brains was launched in the last half of the 17th century in England and was much influenced by the formation of the European scientific societies and their attempts to guide naturalist observations into a new systematics. An ambitious attempt to document this trend in an extensively illustrated work of encyclopedic pretensions was the singular publication of Samuel Collins (1618-1710), an energetic anatomist and president of the Royal College of Physicians. His little known tow-volume folio presentation, written in teh vernacular for broad acceptance, contains the seeds of a science of comparative neurology with the largest collection of brain illustrations (as well as of other organ systems) attempted in his era. Although lacking the conceptual insight that might derive from a true "comparative" anatomy and an understanding of the relations of different animals, the handsome engravings exemplified the new direction of the 'enlightenment' of the scientific revolution and are discussed in teh context of relevant events of this period.     

建国初期城市居民委员会研究

建国初期城市居民委员会对保甲组织的取代及其对社会的整合作用 ,是马列主义国家学说和民主自治思想在中国城市基层社会组织建设中的具体运用和发展 ,表明我国基层社区控制的主体由传统社会中的士绅阶层和家族宗法组织逐步转化为现代社会中的平民阶层和民主自治组织 ,为实现从传统宗法社会向现代民主法制社会的转型奠定了基础     

海外印度移民及印度政府的侨务政策

作为人口大国之一 ,印度与中国一样 ,有着庞大的海外移民群体及其后裔。目前 ,海外印度人已超过二千万人 ,分布在 1 1 0个国家和地区。上世纪 90年代以来 ,随着海外印度人对所在国和印度影响的增强 ,海外印度人在印度及海外都引起了比以前更多的关注。印度政府采取了一系列措施 ,以吸引更多的海外印度人投身印度国内的经济建设 ,为印度的发展作贡献。本文概述海外印度移民的基本情况 ,分析海外印度人与印度的联系及对印度的影响以及印度政府对海外移民的政策 ,希望从中能得到某些启示 ,从而对中国的侨务政策提供某些参考和借鉴。     

Athanaric the Visigoth: monarchy or judgeship. A study in comparative history

The decision to risk an attempt at functional comparison between two historical figures over a period of more than four hundred years proceded from etymological considerations of various types, but was first suggested by the contrast between Athanaric and Armimus as they are portrayed in modern historical literature. As in the case of the institutional analogy of the judge of the Goths with the vergobretos of the Celts, there exists no historical relationship between the life histories of the two Germanic chieftains, in the sense that Athanaric cannot have been influenced to act as he did by the story of Arminius, nor can we assume a direct dependence of the later institution on the earlier one, any more than we can accept the possibility of arriving at the name for the Gothic judge from Celtic, in a way in which this is possible for reiks. Such an observation, otherwise trivial in itself, serves to characterize the methods and limits of the functional comparison. This yields historical insights which apply to the individual case in question: along with new considerations concerning rex-reiks, an argument is developed against the opinion that Athanaric's judgeship was one of a lower rank than genuine kingship, before which the Gothic chief — for whatever reason — was supposed to have drawn back in fear. This makes his judgeship look more like an ‘institutionalized magistracy’, exercising royal power for a set term, than a mere ethnic dignity. Further, the comparison establishes that the Celtic, as well as the Gothic, judgeship was possibly held in dual fashion, or could be held that way, before the period under observation; however, the pairs to be dealt with here do not represent any ‘Dioscurian’ double chiefdom but rather pairs of chieftains rivalling each other. The archaic experience may serve in this instance only as a model for shaping the tradition.Finally, it is recognized — and this could well be our most important finding — that the judgeship is limited, not only in time but also in territory: it had valid jurisdiction only inside the tribal territory itself. It follows from this that the judge's duties comprised defense of the fatherland as well as the execution of judgments.Along with the ‘external’ comparison among Goths, Celts, and Cheruscans, an ‘internal’ functional comparison is drawn within fourth-century Gothic constitutional history. In so doing, the possibility is opened for reconstructing the family leadership of the Balts three generations before Alaric. Then, within Gothic tradition, we are able to arrive of the ruling and institutional function of the ‘wisdom’, which both the Gothicized Decaeneus and Theoderic, as well as Athanaric