Ethnic Minorities and the Politics of Identity in Iran

The present review essay is of a novel format: two authors working in the same field introduce each other's works, and then pose a number of questions to each other. The aim is to facilitate dialogue between scholars occupied with similar issues, theories, methods or problems, and to share their discussions with others. Here, Alam Saleh, Lecturer in Middle Eastern Politics, University of Exeter, and Rasmus Christian Elling, Assistant Professor of Iranian Studies, University of Copenhagen, introduce each other's recent books on ethnic minorities, identity and nationalism in post-revolution Iran. These introductions are then followed by questions and answers in relation to the topics covered by the books.     

20世纪美国少数族裔的命运变迁

美国的少数族裔主要包括黑人、拉美裔人、亚裔人和原土著印第安人。20世纪是美国少数族裔经历重大命运转折的历史时期：20世纪上半期．各少数族裔深受种族歧视之苦,毫无权利可言．生活一贫如洗;从50年代中期开始,少数族裔开展了民权运动,自此处境有了很大的改善,然而种族问题在美国并没有得到最终解决;90年代以来,美国的种族矛盾再次激化。可见,在将来很长时间里,种族问题仍将是美国国内最棘手的社会问题,少数族裔要在美国社会取得真正的平等,其道路是漫长而艰辛的。     

少数民族华侨华人研究中的若干问题

我国少数民族华侨华人研究 ,是整个华侨华人研究中的一个新的领域与薄弱环节 ,需要填补的空白众多 ,有待探讨的问题不少。本文就少数民族华人的辨识标准、人数估计、出国原因、经济活动和重大贡献等问题提出了自己的看法     

中国少数民族原始形态家谱调研报告

上海图书馆家谱课题组自2011年起,历时10年,赴东北内蒙、西北、西南、中南东南地区,以少数民族口传家谱、实物家谱、单页谱单和石碑家谱等原始形态家谱为重点,进行有计划、有重点的调研工作.少数民族原始形态家谱具有诸多独特而重要的历史文化价值,当下面临失传消亡、亟待抢救的紧迫境地,有关部门理应高度重视,抓紧做好抢救、保护和传承工作.     

论国民政府对西南边疆及边疆民族的治理

本文认为,20世纪30年代后,国民政府较重视对西南边疆及边疆民族进行治理,曾组织较大规模的边疆民族状况调查,成立若干边政机构,重视发展西南边疆地区的经济与教育。其治理观念与政策既有超越前代之处,也有时代与阶级的局限性。     

The Difference Context Makes: Planning and Ethnic Minorities in Northern Ireland

The ways the British planning system fosters racial disadvantage and the initiatives taken by local authorities to address such bias have been subject to a number of studies over the last 17 years. This body of research has revealed isolated examples of progressive professional practice within a general pattern of inaction and ignorance. This paper looks at how the needs of ethnic minorities have been accommodated by the planning system in Northern Ireland that has a very different institutional and political context than other parts of the UK. The nature of 'race' relations in Northern Ireland is examined and the concept of 'policy processes' is used to explain why ethnic minorities in the region face similar difficulties to those in Britain. The influence of the political and cultural context is shown to play a key role in framing the policy processes that shape patterns of discrimination. The paper suggests that a full understanding of this context is required if multiculturalism is to be fully accommodated by planning in Europe.     

对清代八团彩云金龙纹吉服的再认识

在清代服饰研究及实物辨识过程中,人们一般根据《大清会典》和《皇朝礼器图式》等记载清代服饰典制的文献,把八团彩云金龙纹样认定为清代后妃吉服上的专用纹样,并进而以之作为区分清代皇帝和后妃服饰的重要标识。本文通过对故宫博物院收藏的大量清代服饰实物、清代宫廷绘画中的服饰图像以及清代文献中相关的记载等直接或间接的资料的考察和分析,认为这一认识存在片面性和不准确性。事实上,八团彩云金龙纹并非清代后妃服饰所专有的纹饰。清早期,皇帝也曾穿用过饰八团彩云金龙纹的吉服,这种男用八团彩云金龙纹吉服与女用八团彩云金龙纹吉服存在着明显相异的形制特征,并有其特有的始创、演变和消失的历史发展过程。     

辽宁省少数民族人口现状、特点及存在问题

加强民族人口统计工作和民族人口调查研究工作,根据变化着的社会经济和人口状况,及时制定和调整民族人口政策,使少数民族人口素质不断提高,人口构成趋于合理,人口再生产和社会经济发展逐步协调。是民族工作的重要内容之一。本是在全国第五次人口普查,辽宁省少数民族人口数据统计分析的基础上,对少数民族人口基本现状及发展面临的主要问题进行探讨和研究。     

春秋时期河洛地区少数民族研究

春秋时期是河洛地区民族融合的重要历史时期,这里的少数民族以戎、狄为代表,分布在以黄河为中轴线的山地丘陵地区,这些少数民族的生活条件恶劣,大多仍处于游牧阶段。其与诸侯国的关系是和、战并存。二之间安和局面的出现既有诸侯国为了自身的需要而利用少数民族为其争霸服务,也有少数民族依附于某一强大诸侯国以求得庇护的因素。其衰亡既有自身不适应社会发展需要的原因,也有诸侯国统一战争的必然。     

Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities in Iraq: The Chaldo‐Assyrian Case

This article discusses the issue of ethnic minorities, specifically the Chaldo‐Assyrians in Iraq. It gives a historical background, present demography, and points out group locations, mainly in Nineveh Province. It proposes a possible solution to the issue by suggesting autonomy for the group as crucial to its security and survival. It also presents a counter‐argument for autonomy. The article discusses the attitude of the Arabs and the Kurds to such proposals and compares Iraq and Kurdistan's constitutions in regard to minorities' rights. Finally, the author assesses if autonomy is a realistic approach to solve the Chaldo‐Assyrian problem in Iraq.     

河湟农村的四合院

在河湟地区农村民居中,绝大部分是四合院。四合院是方形的,形似过去的官方大印。在一副庄廓内,不论盖几面房子,其规格高低如何,其四合院的名称不变。也就是四合院是指庄廓而言,不是指房子。     

Mixed Outcomes: The Impact of Regional Autonomy and Decentralization on Indigenous Ethnic Minorities in Indonesia

This article examines how indigenous ethnic minorities in Indonesia are being affected by the implementation of decentralization and regional autonomy policies. New legislation transferred responsibility and authority over various issues, including resource extraction and local governance, from the central government to regional authorities at the district level. Members of the growing indigenous rights movement hoped that this decentralization process would allow ethnic minority communities to retain or regain control over natural resources through local‐level politics. Furthermore, some ethnic minorities saw the implementation of decentralization as an opportunity to return to local forms of land tenure and resource management that had been disparaged by the national government for most of the twentieth century. However, these new laws also encourage district level governments to generate income through natural resource exploitation, as they will receive a certain percentage of these revenues. Minority communities could be adversely affected as local governments disregard their land rights in efforts to raise income to cover their new expenses, essentially continuing the practices of previous governments. This article examines the new opportunities, as well as the new threats, posed by decentralization to ethnic minorities throughout Indonesia.     

Peculiarities of Economic Regionalization in the Ethnic Areas of the Soviet North

A historical account of the formation of national okrugs in the indigenous tribal areas of the Soviet North stresses the need the combining of the undeveloped northern portions of Siberia with the developed southern areas in complementary economic regions in which the economic potential of the south may be used to develop the north. After a certain level of development has been reached, the northern areas may be set up as separate economic regions. This happened in the case of Magadan Oblast (formerly part of Khabarovsk Kray), and it is suggested that the creation of a Noril'sk Oblast in the northern portion of Krasnoyarsk Kray be considered. The new northern industrial centers of Noril'sk and Magadan developed initially in isolation from the traditional reindeer, hunting and fishing economy of the surrounding region; but the traditional and new economic activities have gradually become integrated into a single whole.     

东南亚华商与经济民族主义

在经济全球化的大潮中,东南亚华商面对居住国“原住民优先”政策的压力、民族主义情绪的高涨和对立,应该立足于各自国家的立场和根本利益,与各自国家的其他族裔加强合作,共谋发展,实现互利共赢。这是东南亚华商的唯一出路,也是化解东南亚国家原住民经济民族主义的正确途径。东南亚华商只有随着本国国民经济的发展才能获得自身发展的机会,不可能存在超越国家利益之外的所谓海外华人的利益。     

从费孝通的两份文献看1956年西南地区少数民族工作

1956年,西南许多地区发生了少数民族事件,一些人通过各种渠道向中央反映情况。费孝通因为与贵州民族工作有较深的渊源,接受了威宁两位苗族知识分子的请求,向全国人大常委会民族委员会和贵州省委反映有关情况。1956年4月,中央决定再次检查民族政策的执行情况。通过认真检查,在肯定建国以后民族工作取得成绩的同时,也发现在民主改革和社会主义改造中贯彻执行党的民族政策、培养使用少数民族干部和民族统战工作方面存在一些问题。针对检查出来的问题,贵州各级政府提出了改进民族工作的意见,并开始对民族政策执行中的缺点和错误进行纠正。     

Enclosing difference and disruption: assemblage,heterotopia and the cruise ship

The cruise ship is as much a process as an object. Indeed, while the ship appears stable in its material and affective form, this state is maintained only through the interventions of a vast array of human and non-human agencies. The cascading affects flowing from these interactions allow for alternative sociomaterial orders to be established through the suspension and splintering of fixed notions of time and space. This paper brings the theories of heterotopia and assemblage together, through a speculative realist ontology, to explore these temporal and spatial discontinuities, and the way they can create a sense of enclosure amongst passengers on-board. This theoretical approach is utilized to examine articulations of the cruise ship in the self-solicited blog entries of passengers that demonstrate both the mutable and emergent qualities of the ship and the way in which its seeming enclosure is subject to constant disruption. Rather than a static reading of the ship as a heterotopic ‘other space’, we propose that these spatial configurations are vulnerable to entropic forces and unruly agencies that frame the cruise ship as an emerging, rather than realized object, affording it the potential to enact alternative sociomaterial orders.     

中国民族学田野工作反思--以五六十年代民族大调查为例

民族学与人类学同体异名,从西方来说,民族学一般指的是欧陆传统,而人类学指的是英美传统。1949年以前的中国大体上也是遵循了这个区分,从学者各自选择的学科称谓上大致可以判断其学术背景。     

加强民族立法促进少数民族自治地方经济发展

辽宁省目前有8个少数民族自治县,虽然在长期与汉族人民共同生产生活中,少数民族自治地方内共同性日益增多,区域性增强,但仍然存在着经济特点,从宏观上分析表明,经济发展滞后是辽宁省民族自治地方经济的基本特点,其中,历史上遗留下来的经济发展滞后是民族自治地方基本经济特点的特点,这是针对民族自治地方经济发展的历史过程而言的,表现出民族自治地方经济特点的民族性。民族自治地方经济发展差距同全省逐步拉大,是基本经济特点的内在表现,体现了民族自治地方经济特点的区域性。民族自治地方就是要紧密结合经济发展特点实际,加强立法,促进经济发展。     

民族地区政区调整与民族区域自治的实现路径--以20世纪50年代广西都安瑶族自治县设置为中心的探讨

20世纪50年代初期,以民族为名称的各层级自治区非均衡地建立,致使政府在已建立民族区域自治的地区与尚未建立区域自治的民族地区执行经济政策时出现偏差,经济政策偏差产生的优惠差异引发了都安瑶族群众谋求民族区域自治的问题。为了解决瑶族谋求民族区域自治问题,在采取经济政策调整和相应政治措施调整无果之后,为配合民族区域自治政策的落实,政府继而采取政区调整的方式,通过一系列行政区划调整的探索,最大限度地将瑶族纳入瑶族自治县内。最终,通过政区调整满足了少数民族对民族区域自治的需求,实现了民族地区各民族的和解与社会稳定。