论马克思哲学的历史转向

马克思通过对宗教的批判确立了批判哲学的双重逻辑,即政治经济学批判与思辨哲学批判的统一,实现了哲学研究范式的历史转向。哲学的历史转向并不是说哲学成为历史学,而是强调哲学研究与历史研究的内在关联,即哲学摆脱了纯思辨的性质转向对人之存在的历史性研究,历史学既是建立在哲学研究的基础之上,同时也成为哲学研究的重要构成部分。从而将历史的事实、历史的逻辑和人之存在的历史性三者统一起来,超越了以往全部关于人类历史的学说,建构了一种全新的历史解释模式——生成论的历史解释模式。     

历史主义与20世纪上半期的中国史学

历史主义作为一种对待历史的方法和态度,在西方可谓由来已久。但是,作为一种系统的历史哲学思想,它却是对19世纪盛行一时的实证主义史学的直接反动。在西方的学术界,历史主义又被划分为“德意志类型的历史主义”和“绝对主义的历史主义”两大类型。所谓德意志类型的历史主义,就是指由德国哲学家狄尔泰、德尔班和李凯尔特等人创立和发展起来的新康德主义的历史学说。     

解释学的发展与精神分析学说的演变

解释学是精神分析学的哲学理论基础 ,解释学的发展对精神分析学的演变有很大影响。这主要表现在精神分析学的发展历程与解释学的发展历史基本一致 ,都表现出对社会历史文化因素的日渐重视和主客二分与对立的逐渐消亡。受施莱尔马赫的解释学影响 ,弗洛伊德强调对无意识意义的客观分析 ;受狄尔泰的影响 ,精神分析社会文化学派重视社会文化因素的作用 ;受海德格尔和伽达默尔的影响 ,拉康等人重视分析双方的互动 ,开始注意到符号与无意识意义联系的多重性和分析的持续性、主观性。因此 ,把二者联系起来加以分析 ,有助于我们更好地理解各种精神分析理论 ,并预见其今后的发展趋向。     

马克思主义中国化与中国道路百年探索

正中国共产党的历史既是通过革命、建设、改革而不懈奋斗的历史,同时也是不断推进马克思主义中国化的历史。一百年来,中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理与中国实际相结合,不断推进理论创新创造,产生了毛泽东思想、中国特色社会主义理论体系特别是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,为党和人民事业发展提供了理论指导,成功开辟和发展了富有中国特色的革命、建设和改革之路,使中华民族实现了从站起来、富起来到强起来的历史性飞跃。     

新中国成立70年来解放思想的哲学追问

思想是行动的先导,思想解放是社会前进的力量源泉,是理论创新的内在动力。解放思想助推中华民族实现了历史性飞跃,开启了站起来、富起来和强起来的历史;解放思想助推马克思主义中国化实现了历史性飞跃,创造性地形成了具有中国特色的社会主义新理论。这些历史性飞跃外在表现为解放思想的必然结果,内在表现为马克思主义哲学的根本要求。     

解释在历史研究中的性质及其方式——西方分析历史哲学流派观点述评

分析历史哲学的兴起是２０世纪西方史学最值得注意的现象之一。从狄尔泰（Ｄｉｌｔｈｅｙ）１８８３年发表《历史知识导论》（ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｔｏＨｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌＫｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ）一个多世纪以来,西方史学理论家们就历史知识的性质、历史研究的方法和...     

从一封信札解读谭鑫培与孔令贻的交往

“伶界大王”谭鑫培与世袭封爵衍圣公孔令贻,看似并无关联的两人,确因孔子博物馆收藏的一封信札将两者联系起来。本文解读这封信的内容,梳理相关历史资料,探讨两人通过戏曲和蟋蟀相识的可能性。孔令贻曾赠送蟋蟀而谭鑫培来信请求蟋蟀,反映了两人关系已较为熟稔。该信件对谭鑫培与孔令贻的交往研究具有重要价值。     

狄尔泰的体验概念

“体验”是狄尔泰生命哲学的主要概念。“体验(Erlebnis)这个词是从拉丁词experior得来,意为去证明(toprove)或是去验证(totest),通常是指从感觉而非推理得来的信息,直到19世纪末20世纪初这个词才有了广泛的运用”。“正是狄尔泰首先赋予这个词以一种概念性的功能,从而使这个词随即发展成了一个受人喜爱的时兴词,     

论马克思主义发展观的历史性与时代化

发展观是关于发展的本质、目的、内涵的总体看法和观点。马克思主义发展观遵循历史唯物主义的基本原理,是对历史发展的真实研究与表达。马克思主义经典作家对马克思主义发展观的历史性特点作出阐释与发展。恩格斯在其晚年作了更深层次的阐释,提出了历史发展＂合力的作用＂的观点。马克思主义发展观也具有时代化特征,为解决时代发展需要解决的发展问题提供方法论基础。马克思主义发展观的历史性与时代化统一于其实践性本质。     

基于形态学的历史性城镇景观遗产价值判识与地理过程分析——以庐山牯岭镇为例

当今我国历史性城镇景观的研究、保护与管理多基于历史遗存的现状展开,对其价值认知和保护管理造成了一定的不利影响。城市形态学领域的康泽恩学派根植于城镇的历史演化过程,为历史性城镇景观的认知及保护管理提供了良好的支持。在该理论的指导下,对庐山牯岭镇开展了遗产价值判识与地理过程分析,其间,根据中国的历史文化和社会经济背景,对该方法进行了调整与发展,旨在探讨适合中国历史性城镇景观的保护管理及更为广泛的城镇景观的管理方法。     

20世纪西方分析或批判的历史哲学

分析或批判的历史哲学的兴起,一方面批判了思辨的历史哲学,另一方面将历史哲学研究的重点从解释历史的性质转移到解释历史知识的性质上来。这极大地推进了史学理论的发展,也为历史学确立了更为稳固的根基。德国历史哲学家狄尔泰、文德尔班、李凯尔特继承德国历史主义传统,从文化科学与自然科学相异的角度来分析历史知识的性质;克罗齐、柯林武德也遵循了这个传统。分析学派罗素、波普尔、亨佩尔等人,则从语言逻辑的角度来分析理解历史的方式和历史知识的可能性。这两个方向共同构成了20世纪西方历史哲学的主流,进一步深化了人们对自我的认识。     

Cold War historiography at the crossroads

How is the Cold War understood in an expanding and diversifying historiographical field? Conceptual precision and specificity seem to be giving way to a looser understanding of the Cold War as an era that encompassed different although interconnected conflicts and transformations. Some scholars ask for specificity and consistency while current centrifugal trends point to multiple approaches and centres of interest. Diversity is galvanising the field, but historians need to (re)define their object of inquiry and strive for at least a minimum of conceptual clarity. In particular, we should aim at a broad cultural understanding of the Cold War, contextualise it in larger processes of historical change without confusing the two dimensions, and reassess relations between Europe and other Cold War contexts.     

Tracing British cultural policy domains: contexts,collaborations and constituencies

This paper draws on a larger research project that investigates the networks and institutions shaping cultural policy across national, international and supranational contexts. Taking Britain as its touchstone, it identifies and maps some of the operational relations between culture, governance and nation shaping the development and orientation of contemporary cultural policy. It thus highlights key formal and informal domestic relationships and contexts within which Britain's local, regional and national cultural policy initiatives are situated. The British context – in which England figures strongly for historical, political and demographic reasons, and so draws a corresponding resistance across other constituents of nation – is shown to be both internally differentiated along various lines, and also embedded in the larger sphere of the European Union that redraws the boundaries of cultural policy and governance. In tracing the contours and interrogating the constitutive elements of Britain's domains of cultural policy, we seek to provide a foundation for understanding the intersections and influences that exist between fields of cultural governance, and their interdependence and fluidity.     

Integrating Stable Isotope and Zooarchaeological Analyses in Historical Archaeology: A Case Study from the Urban Nineteenth-Century Commonwealth Block Site,Melbourne, Australia

This paper presents the first use of bone collagen stable isotope analyses for the purpose of reconstructing historical animal husbandry and trade practices in Australia. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 51 domesticate and commensal specimens demonstrate that meats consumed at the mid to late nineteenth-century Commonwealth Block site in Melbourne derived from animals with a diverse range of isotopic signatures. Potential factors contributing to this diversity including animal trade and variability in local animal husbandry practices are discussed. From these results we suggest that stable isotope-based paleodietary reconstructions have significant potential to illuminate a variety of human-animal relations in Australia’s historical period as well as other New World contexts.     

A geographical approach to trust in tourism

Abstract

Within tourism research, trust has largely been conceptualised from psychological perspectives, allowing insights into the mechanisms through which resident/stakeholder relations generate trust. Whilst this work is valuable in understanding dynamics of trust relations, such focus has meant less attention and has been given to the ways space influences trust in tourism contexts. Thus, a geographical approach is put forth to understanding trust in tourism. Through observation and semi-structured interviews concerned with the implementation of a community tourism project in southwest China, insights are provided illustrating how trust is inscribed in place. It is shown that in the Chinese context, cultural place-based specificities relating to pre-existing governance structures, social hierarchies, and the intersection of power, knowledge and trust influence the (in)abilities of NGOs to develop trust with specific residents. More meaningful dialogue between tourism research and geographical conceptualisations of trust is called for – as a way to attend to spatial and scalar differences in understanding of trust within tourism contexts.     

Historical ecology coming of age

Historical ecology is a research program that in earnest has emerged within anthropology since the turn of the millennium. This essay offers a short outline of historical ecology and, on the basis of a review of four volumes published over the last decade, discusses several key issues in the historical ecological analyses of socio-environmental relations. It is argued that historical ecology (1) emerged as a concept in different, but related, discursive contexts, (2) coalesced in North American anthropology and anthropological archaeology, and (3) subsequently cross-fertilized and diversified in new academic milieus successfully addressing previously unconsidered research questions in novel ways.     

Kokusaika and Internationalisation: Australian and Japanese Sister City Type Relationships

Sister city type relationships at local government level form an important part of Australian-Japanese relations. The original concept of sister cities was to increase international understanding and peace at local level. Over the years, that concept has changed and there is now a robust debate over the inclusion of commercial exchanges into sister city type relationships. This article describes the context of this debate by analysing the different perceptions of sister city type relationships in Australia and Japan. It begins with a discussion of the public policy contexts of sister cities in both Australia and Japan. The second section deals with an analysis of the results of surveys in Australia and Japan. Finally, case studies of two important issues related to SCTRs are discussed: economic and business relations and community involvement. The article concludes by suggesting that sister city type relationships between Australia and Japan are dependent upon the over-arching public policy contexts and sometimes lead to mismatched expectations between the two countries.     

Historical empathy in a museum: uniting contextualisation and emotional engagement

Museums, memorial centres and other heritage institutions use various strategies to evoke an emotional response that serves to elicit empathy with the historical events and actors that are portrayed in exhibitions. To increase historical understanding, however, both emotional engagement with and contextual understanding of these historical figures are needed. Using the concept of historical empathy, this paper examines the continuous interplay between cognitive and affective dimensions of history learning in museums. We conducted a case study at Museon in The Hague, the Netherlands. We studied a learning session on children living through the Second World War, the museum’s strategies employed in the exhibition, the entrance narratives of secondary school students participating in the session and their engagement with the exhibition and with the educational activities. While most of the students did not feel related to WWII prior to their museum visit, the museum managed to engage many of them with personal stories and artefacts and by offering multiple and new perspectives. Our findings underscore the interplay between cognitive and affective dimensions of historical empathy and show that museums can serve as powerful contexts for developing this skill among school students.     

历史记忆与族群认同变迁——巴蜀祖源传说的历史人类学解读

从历史人类学的角度来看,作为一种重要的集体历史记忆,祖源传说反映了一定社会情境下人们的族群认同。本文以巴蜀祖源传说为文本分析对象,解读了其中传递的华夏认同、本土记忆、异族认识等族群情感及其产生的社会情境,并结合其他材料探讨了周秦汉晋时期中原华夏人和巴蜀本土人对巴蜀族群认同发展的三个阶段,旨在从历史人类学的角度将共时性与历时性相结合、文化整合与时空变迁相结合。     

Structural power, agency and national liberation: the case of East Timor

The struggle for independence in East Timor, which came to fruition in 1999, illustrates both that agency can be exercised in ways that change social structures and that changing structural relations are necessary for the effective exercise of agency. This paper presents a basic Marxist theoretical framework for analysing structural power, contrasting this with the understanding of structure developed by structurationists. It then examines the Timorese independence struggle at two crucial turning points, showing how differing structural contexts enabled different outcomes at those turning points.