人地关系研究范型：哲学与伦理思辩

人地关系研究应当具有科学范型,观念形态层次的范型就是哲学与伦理思辩,人地关系的哲学与伦理思辩经历了天命论、地理环境决定论、或然论、征服自然论、反人类中心论后,人地关系协调论正在成为全球的共识。本文对各种人地关系思想作了概括的阐述和评价。     

人地关系研究范型：全球实证 

人地关系的实证研究是以观察和经验为证据,并依据公理和逻辑推导来建立人地系统的定律、模型、理论和方法体系。实证的严密科学方法极大促进了人地关系研究水平。在全球人地关系的实证研究中,有悲观派和乐观派两大阵营,前者包括新马尔萨斯主义和熵论,后者有历史外推论、市场响应论和耗散结构论。持续发展论则吸收了两者的合理精华,成为当前全球认同的,走向全球人地系统优化的理论和行动纲领,并指导着与人地关系研究有关的一系列国际科学活动,本文对以上各种实证理论和方法作了概括介绍和评价。．     

初论人性时空场

在缜密论述了人地关系中人性时空场基本概念和特征的基础上,从人性时空场意识流与人地关系的相互作用的角度认知了人性时空场的科学哲学内涵。最后分析了人性时空场意识流的随机变化特点之表达。提出:随着行为地理学研究深入,人性时空场意识流将成为它新的研究对象;与此同时,本文首次导出潜意识地理学(Potential Sense Geography)的学科概念,认为潜意识地理学会弥补行为地理学的不足,它将发挥人文关怀的当代学科优势,继而为人性的完善和人的可持续发展及人地关系的根本和谐作出贡献。     

领导哲学的几个理论问题

领导哲学的有关理论问题是领导科学界正在探讨的热门话题之一.各种观点和理论的出现,可谓仁者见仁,智者见智,其结果必将有利于这一学科的发展和建设.笔者想就这一问题谈点个人的意见和看法,与学界同仁共同探讨.一、领导哲学是哲学的分支学科领导哲学只能是哲学的分支学科,决不是领导科学的分支学科.其主要理论依据有如下几点:     

试析历史地理学在人地关系研究中的时间特征

人地关系是历史地理学研究的核心。本文以系统方法论为指导,对人地关系发展过程中所体现出来的宏观、中观和微观的时间特征进行了初步分析,认为历史地理学在探讨人地关系中,其所揭示的过程是完整性和阶段性、连续性与差异性的统一过程,因而是最富有揭示人地关系动态过程及其规律的学科之一。     

人地系统与人地关系浅析

人类自诞生以来,便与地同处在一整体之中,探讨人地之间的关系和规律,已成为当今世界多学科普遍关注的问题之一,特别是作为地学科的人文地理尤为甚之。
本文在历史回顾中介绍了古代的中国以及中世纪后的西方,分别对人地关系的认识和探讨所达到的水平与涉及范围。随着社会的发展和历史的前进,近些年人们提出并拥护"和谐论"人地观的学者日益增多,并强调人应主动地与地和谐发展,这在思维和方法论上是一个很大的进步和发展。
本文在人地系统与人地关系中、在明确科学概念内函的基础上,对人地系统的结构与功能、人地之间的客观关系、人地关系的发展规律三个方面进行了动态分析和阐述。
本文在探讨人地关系的现实意义中,提出了从人地关系在人类活动中的地位,从人对人地关系的认识程度与人类前途和命运、从人地关系与地理科学的关系等三个方面进行了论证和分析,它不仅具有深刻的理论意义,而且还具有重大的现实意义。     

“了解之同情”与人地关系研究

一、一种研究范式的分析：人地关系演变的“三阶段论” 人类活动与地理环境之间的关系(简称“人地关系”)及其演变过程与规律,长期以来一直是地理学、环境科学、生态学和历史学等学科研究的重要课题。近年来,随着研究的不断深入,各个学科均逐步形成或正在形成有关人地关系研究的某些“范式”(或“范型”,paradigrm)或“共识”。人们普遍相信：人地关系是人类起源以来就存在的客观关系,地理环境与人类社会均处于不断运动变化而又相互影响、相互制约当中。人地关系的演变是一个漫长的历史发展过程,这一过程大体经历了三个阶段：     

满志敏对历史地理学的学术贡献及其学术理路

满志敏对中国历史地理学的发展有重要贡献。他在历史气候研究领域中,率先提出了中国存在中世纪温暖期(MWP),发展完善了历史物候方法,指出了旱涝史料分布存在的问题和解决方法,大大促进了历史气候研究的发展。他是将地理信息系统(GIS)引入历史地理学的领军者,提出了"记录生存期"概念,解决了中国历史地理信息系统(CHGIS)的关键技术问题。提出了小区域人地关系研究的完整数据架构,引领了学科发展。他将3S技术引入历史河流研究中,在问题和精度上突破了传统研究。他还推动了历史土地利用、历史城市地理等领域的发展。满志敏取得的成绩,和他善于把握学科发展方向来提出科学问题、重视方法创新和实证研究,在学术上不断追求的学术理路分不开。     

构建中国边疆学需要理论与实践的结合

正2016年5月17日,习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话指出:"中国特色哲学社会科学应该涵盖历史、经济、政治、文化、社会、生态、军事、党建等各领域,囊括传统学科、新兴学科、前沿学科、交叉学科、冷门学科等诸多学科,不断推进学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设和创新,努力构建一个全方位、全领域、全要素的哲学社会科学体系。""现在,我国哲学社会科学学科体系已基本确立,但还存在一些亟待解决的问题,主要是一些学科设置同社会发展联系不够紧密,学科体系不够健全,新兴学科、交叉学科建设     

面向国家未来的中国人文地理学研究方向的思考

中国人文地理学经过近半个多世纪的复兴与发展,对国家经济社会发展做出了重大贡献。在新的时代背景下,中国人文地理学的发展仍要继续围绕人地关系地域系统这一核心,树立人地和谐的科学发展观,进一步深化人地关系理论及研究方法,把人地关系的研究向纵深层次推进,发展面向国家战略需求和实践应用的人文地理学,构建完善的中国特色人文地理学学科体系。突出新的实践形式,把全球化与本土化、全国化与地方化、工业化与城市化、一体化与同城化、中心化与空心化、信息化与可视化、生态化与低碳化、科学化与现代化作为中国人文地理学未来研究的8大方向。在人文地理学科建设过程中,敢于挑战经典理论,尤其是西方传统的经典理论,敢于直面现实,学会向权力讲授真理,敢于当科学勇士,倡导科学精神,不可变成官场的奴隶。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.