《西域土地人物略》的最早、最好版本

本文认为 ,《西域土地人物略》是现存少数记述明代西域史地的历史文献之一 ,其所证地域最广 ,可信程度甚高 ,并反映了当时西域与中原的联系及其相互影响。但目前两种通行本不仅文字讹误歧异处甚多 ,而且体例亦不相同 ,学者不知所从。得其祖本嘉靖《陕西通志》本 ,通行本中的讹误歧异即可厘清。至其作者 ,当非汉人或穆斯林 ;作时当在宣德十年 ( 14 35)甚至成化十年 ( 14 74 )之后。     

The Association of the Lady and the Unicorn,and the Hunting Mythology of the Caucasus

Written evidence from the hunting folk literature of the Caucasus is presented together with the suggestion that the origin of the unicorn lies in hunting mythology and that remnants of it are to be seen in the figures in "The Lady and the Unicorn" tapestries in France.     

论建国前后党和政府对私营工商业的政策

新中国建立前后,党和政府对私营工商业的政策经历了一个从利用到消灭的演变过程,而政策的实施既有成功的一面,也有失误的一面,产生失误的主要原因则是认识上出了偏差,对此有必要进行深刻的反思。     

明末清初青花花觚鉴定

觚,新石器时代马家浜化遗址即有陶制品出土,其用途为酒器。夏商较流行,西周后逐渐减少。部分器型仿青铜礼器,多用作陪葬冥器。     

20世纪30年代报刊媒介与西北开发

在20世纪30年代,中国面临着严重的经济危机、政治危机和民族危机,各报刊杂志纷纷刊登开发西北边疆的文章,喊出了开发西北的呼声。各有识之士利用报刊这一信息工具来研究西北、宣传西北;为开发西北制造舆论,推动了南京国民政府对西北的开发。但最终实效十分有限。     

改革开放后首批留美生的选派及其影响

改革开放后首批留美生的选派是留学教育全面恢复的组成部分和重要标志,内驱力源于现代化建设对人才的巨大需求,同时中美关系的改善也为留学教育的恢复提供了宽松的外部环境.此次选派不仅促进了高教改革、科研创新,而且摸索出一整套向资本主义国家派遣留学生的选拔办法和管理体制,开启和引领了一个史无前例的留学时代.     

汉赋中的服饰描写与汉代礼乐精神

本文从汉赋作品中的服饰形象着眼,论述了汉赋在中国文学史中的重要地位以及体现汉代文化精神的礼乐精神,汉赋中的服饰形象描写与汉代礼乐精神的关系。通过汉赋中帝王、嫔妃、武士等的服饰描绘,论述其体现的礼乐精神以及礼乐精神对服饰的影响。     

Freedom and the Responsibility of Science Science and the Public

Abstract

Academic essays in Germany either start or end with a citation from Goethe. I cannot refrain from this tradition as I have in mind three lines which described the situation in his time and during the last century, but which no longer hold true in our changing world. This is not easy to accept, especially for a scientist.     

Australia and the promise and the perils of humanitarian diplomacy

ABSTRACT

Humanitarian diplomacy has always been a crucial element of humanitarianism, however it is now becoming a more prominent element of states’ foreign policies. It holds many attractions and much promise. It provides states with a way of expressing important qualities of international empathy and solidarity and can also enhance a state’s international reputation and provide valuable means for building relationship of trust and cooperation. This can in turn can be conducive to a state’s broader foreign policy objectives. However, there are also perils to the incorporation of humanitarian diplomacy into a state’s foreign policy. It can generate ambiguity and even conflict within a state’s diplomatic endeavours due to tensions between humanitarian and broader national interests. In exploring these issues it is useful to distinguish between humanitarian diplomacy and humanitarianism as diplomacy. This article explores these issues in relations to Australia’s diplomacy. It argues that Australia has actively engaged in humanitarian diplomacy and humanitarianism as diplomacy. Whilst the two are often complementary, there are areas in which they have been in tension and even at odds. This has implications for Australia’s international reputation but also for its capacity to undertake genuine and effective humanitarian action.     

Relief and Neotectonics of the Foredelta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers

The techniques of geomorphic analysis, map measurements and field observations are used to trace the formation of the Bengal delta with particular reference to recent and present crustal movements. The oldest channel appears to be the Ganges submarine canyon, formed during a period of significant uplifting. Later the Hooghly appears to have become the main channel. Against a background of general subsidence, relative uplifting of the Barisal section (in the center of the delta) then led to the confluence of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra and a shift of the principal outlet to the Meghna River in the eastern part of the delta. The annual discharge of sediment (1.4 million tons) seems to be roughly compensated by downfolding of the estuary of the Meghna at the rate of 4 to 5 centimeters a year.     

东汉北魏陵寝制度特征和地位的探讨

依据最新考古发现,东汉陵寝制度相比较西汉时期发生了巨大变化,突出表现在圆丘状封土、一条长斜坡墓道的地宫、外藏系统消失以及陵寝建筑位于封土东侧或南侧、盛行同穴合葬等。洛阳北魏时期的陵寝制度除旧有习俗的因袭,很大程度上受到东汉陵寝制度的影响。考察引起这些变化的历史原因应当是东汉前期尊崇汉统而又别于汉统的双系情结以及北魏政权汉化政策的强力实施。这些都可以视为中国古代陵寝制度史上的创新与发展。     

渔采狩猎与秦汉北方民众生计——兼论以农立国传统的形成与农民的普遍化

秦汉时期北方虽以农耕为主,但因气候温润,野生动植物丰饶,作为古老的谋生方式,渔采狩猎投入少,产出快,山林湖泽附近的民众均可一定程度上仰此或兼此为生。渔采狩猎与从商一道成为田作之外民众的其他谋生手段。战国以降,官方开始确立以农立国的策略,针对民众不乐农耕、轻易迁徙,立法律与政策措施驱之务农,并将其束缚在土地上,作为一个群体的农民与定居农耕社会在此背景下逐步形成。     

Law and the Ruining of the Land

Abstract

In his monograph God, Justice, and Society (Oxford University Press, 2011)response to his work uses examples from Deuteronomy, Jeremiah and other prophetic texts to explore the relationship between obedience to God’s law and the wellbeing of the natural world. It concludes that given the complexity and diversity of natural law within the Western philosophical tradition, it seems unwise to draw too direct a comparison with the biblical material, which reflects a very different world view. The close study of the texts suggests that, for the biblical authors, divine law was both commanded at Sinai and written into the fabric of the universe.     

Women and the History of the Neurosciences

Since the closing decades of the nineteenth century, women have been contributing in a significant way to the neurosciences. This article looks at the contributions of some of the leading women pioneers in this field. It also deals with women who have written on the history of the neurosciences and the representation of women in the International Society for the History of the Neurosciences, the largest neuroscience history organization. Trends suggest that books and articles from and about women in the history of the neurosciences will increase markedly in the future.     

从早期佛像看佛教艺术东传及中西方文化交流

实物遗存及考古资料证明了佛教艺术经西域逐步传入我国,由初期的神佛共敬到模仿吸收、交流融合,最后逐渐摆脱了外来式样的影响,走向民族化、世俗化的创作形式,形成了一种独到而完美的艺术体系,对世界佛教艺术产生了重大影响。