以基础研究为根基积极推进应用研究

什么是世界史研究的前沿问题?我的理解,"前沿"至少应包含两层意思:一是世界史学界最为关注的问题,即世界史学术"热点"问题;二是当今人民、社会、国家,乃至全人类急需探讨和解决的与世界史研究密切相关的问题,即涉及世界史的现实"热点"问题.     

唐型文化简论

唐型文化,是20世纪以来,随着"唐宋变革"作为一个学术问题引起各国研究者的关注后,学术界从文化史的角度,在吸收中外"唐宋变革"理论的史学研究成果的基础上,对中国历史进行重新分期后提出的新概念。     

秦汉人世界意识中的“北海”和“西海”

据秦汉文献记载,"北边"和"西边"地区称湖泊池沼为"海"。这一情形与中原人有关"四海"的观念存在某种内在关联,也反映了当时人的天下观和世界意识。有关"北海"和"西海"的历史文化信息,可以为历史自然地理、历史人文地理和生态环境史提供重要的史料。历史学、民族学、语言学、地理学乃至生态学研究者都应当关注相关问题的考察和研究,以拓展不同主题的学术空间。     

"近代中国乡村社会权势国际学术研讨会"综述

中国的乡村问题研究成为中国各界关注的热点。从历史学的学术层面研究、探讨中国近代的乡村问题,是历史学界对这一热点问题的回应和关照。和以往关照乡村的会议不同的是,这次会议以乡村权势问题为重心,从实证的角度对近代中国乡村权势问题进行了具体深入的探讨,其学术意义和现实关照价值甚明。     

邓小平"一国两制"思想研究述评

党的十一届三中全会之后,在世界形势发生深刻变化、和平与发展成为时代主题的历史条件下,邓小平集中全党和全国人民的智慧,从中国的实际出发,在充分尊重历史和现实的基础上,创造性地提出了"一个国家,两种制度"的科学构想.作为我国解决台湾、香港、澳门问题、实现祖国统一的一项基本国策,"一国两制"构想从提出到实践,都受到了广泛的关注,成为国内外学者研究的热门课题之一.     

制度和权益缺失视角下我国“民工荒”现象探析

一向被认为廉价劳动力"无限供给"的中国,近年来却出现大规模的劳动密集型企业招不到工人的情况,即所谓的"民工荒".对"民工荒"现象出现的原因仅做表面的分析是不够的,还要透过现象挖掘其背后隐藏的深层次内容。本文着重从农民工权益、保障制度缺失的角度来剖析"民工荒"现象出现的成因,并对解决"民工荒"问题提出了相应的对策。     

"邵阳快警" ——新时代背景下的警务模式

为了更具效率地做好治安管理防控工作,"邵阳快警"警务模式应运而生.然而在其发展的过程中,也存在一些问题,本文就"邵阳快警"警务模式中的责任主体、执法内容、管理措施方面存在的问题进行调查和探讨,并从公安机关内部、社会层面、公民个人角度提出相关的解决建议,望能为"邵阳快警"警务模式的发展提供有效的对策.     

构建新生代农民工文化信息需求的服务保障平台

随着我省新生代农民工的就业环境、收入水平和居住条件的不断改善,新生代农民工的文化需求也将日益凸显。从对我省农民工文化需求的调研结果来看,农民工的文化需求日益多元化,对农民工这一特殊阶层的文化服务供给还存在改善空间,值得关注。本文就我省新生代农民工文化程度现状、新生代农民工的文化需求问题分析、为新生代农民工文化需求提供保障对策问题等问题进行了论述。     

跨越时代的“三农”对话——评王先明的《20世纪以来中国乡村发展论争的历史追索》

《20世纪以来中国乡村发展论争的历史追索》一书以长时段的历史研究方法和宏大的历史视野,首次系统地考察了20世纪以来中国乡村问题的百年学术论争,从纷繁复杂的史料中提炼出了不同时代各个学术流派、政治势力围绕乡村问题交锋的主题,梳理、总结了中国乡村发展理论论争的历史进程和走向,与当前的"新三农"问题、"新农村建设"问题形成了历史与现实的对话与映照,不仅对于了解20世纪以来中国乡村问题的争论主题有重要学术价值,同时对于当今的新农村建设,解决现实的"三农"问题等,也有直接参考价值;不仅是20世纪以来乡村学术思想史研究的上乘佳作,同时具有乡村问题工具书的性质。     

超越人类看人类?——“大历史”批判

作为20世纪末在西方兴起的一个新的史学流派,"大历史"试图从宇宙"大爆炸"讲起,以多个尺度考量宇宙、地球和人类的历史演进,努力整合人类的知识,尤其是弥合史学叙述中人文科学与自然科学久已分离的残损局面。在当今人类知识细碎化的形势下,"大历史"的跨学科努力显得弥足珍贵。"大历史"对人类未来命运的关注有助于青年一代认清自我,形成正确的世界观。但"大历史"显然是从超越人类的角度审视人类,其核心概念如"能量流"、"复杂性"、"金凤花原理"、"集体知识"等虽有高屋建瓴的气势,但直接用于界说人类社会的起伏变故,人的情感和信仰等问题便显得天真和乏力。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.