From International to Global Development: New Geographies of 21st Century Development

Recent claims of 21^st century global convergence and the ‘rise of the South’ suggest a profound and ongoing redrawing of the global map of development and inequality. This article synthesizes shifting geographies of development across economic, social and environmental dimensions, and considers their implications for the ‘where’ of development. Some convergence in aggregate development indicators for the global North and South during this century challenge, now more than ever, the North–South binary underlying international development. Yet convergence claims do not adequately capture change in a world where development inequalities are profound. Between‐country inequalities remain vast, while within‐country inequalities are growing in many cases. Particular attention is given here to exploring the implications of such shifting geographies, and what those mean for the spatial nomenclature and reference of development. This article concludes by arguing for the need, now more than ever, to go beyond international development considered as rich North/poor South, and to move towards a more holistic global development — where the global South remains a key, although not exclusive, focus.     

21世纪初欧洲华人社团发展新趋势

论文探讨了进入21世纪以来,欧洲华人社团呈现出的三个并行不悖的双向发展趋势:地缘性社团以原居地或住在地为基础双向延伸、业缘性社团结构类别与社会影响力双向拓展以及政治类社团宗旨的双向分化。提出了进一步深思的问题,一是华人社会的组织化构建渠道多元化。多元化路径寻求有效的社会粘合剂,是当今海外华人社团发展的普遍趋势,也与当今国际社会多元组织架构发展的大趋势相互吻合。二是华人群体的体制化诉求意识显性化,包括政党路径、利益集团抗争、法律维权、街头游行示威等。三是华人群体的族群性联合依然主流化。仍然以"同为中国人"的纵向族群性联合为号召,其所显现的依然是华人移民族群潜意识中根深蒂固的自成一体的共性,真正与当地其他各民族人士结为命运共同体,进入超越族群边界的组织化建构,还只停留于个体化的呼吁和努力之中。     

关于影响21世纪中国史学发展的几个问题

积极的百年总结,健康的学术批评,严谨的学风建设,是影响21世纪中国史学发展面貌的几个重要问题,需要史学工作者认真思考和探讨。大家对这些问题在认识上的提高和实践上的改进,必将有力地促进21世纪中国史学的发展和进步。     

知己知彼，百战不殆

《史学理论研究》在1992年第4期刊登了我的一篇短文:“牢固地建立史学理论这门学科”,文中探讨了三个问题:第一,能否说史学理论这门学科已经牢固地建立起来了?我提出三个标准,现在看来,有的已经达到,有的基本上达到,有的尚需努力才能达到。第二,下一步需要做什么?我认为首先应巩固阵地,不要让已经取得的成就丢失掉。第三,如何正确地贯彻执行邓小平同志的三句话:“思想更解放一点,胆子更大一点,步子更快一点”?我认为在这些方面,编辑同仁做得很好,成绩不小,值得庆贺。1994年第4期又刊出我的“当代中国史学的成就与困惑”长文,该文试图总结197…     

21世纪的中国考古学

中国考古是世界上国别考古中时空最大、体量最宏、内容最为丰富的考古学体系,本世纪中国考古最大的成就就是考古学文化时空体系的建立与完善,以及对传统的中国历史体系的修正和补充。２１世纪,中国考古学不但应当在揭示华夏传统的形成以及人类、农牧和文明国家三大起源问题上有所贡献,更应依赖自身的优势,对考古学以及整个人文科学的理论建设做出贡献。     

21世纪以来海外华侨华人社会的变迁与特点探析

论文从华侨华人的人口统计特征、华侨华人社会内部的差异性与认同的多元性、与祖籍国联系的密切以及在居住国地位的提高四个方面,分析解读了21世纪以来海外华侨华人社会发生的巨大变化,并就后疫情时代加强华侨华人研究提出几点思考。论文认为,应该客观理性认识日益复杂多变的国际环境;要严格界定和区分“华侨”与“华人”的概念,并且审慎思考“华侨华人”与“华人散居者”这一术语在英文语境中的接轨;应该从国际移民视角审视和看待中国的海外移民和侨务工作,消除偏见误解,为中国移民正名,为中国侨务工作正名。     

Mobile Peoples: Pastoralists and Herders at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Bruce Trigger's and Adam Smith's comparative studies of state-level societies provide new theoretical approaches and are important components in a resurgence of explicit comparative analysis of early states by archaeologists. Trigger presents a massive systematic comparison of seven ancient states on an unusually large number of themes, whereas Smith carries out more intensive comparisons of a smaller sample on more limited themes. These well-written works make significant contributions to a number of areas, including empirical analysis, theory, and comparative methods.     

From Corporatism to Public Utilities: Workplace Pensions in the 21st Century

For many Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, workplace pensions have been an important mechanism for supplementing state‐sponsored social security. Notwithstanding significant differences between developed economies in the significance attached to workplace pensions, provision has been typically encouraged through preferential tax policies on benefits and compensation packages. If relevant for the baby‐boom generation, it is doubtful that these arrangements will be as important for future generations. As state‐sponsored social security has been discounted in terms of promised value and entitlement, traditional workplace pensions have been closing and replaced by retirement saving instruments that are neither as lucrative nor as dependable. Retrenchment in workplace pensions has prompted governments to consider and, in some cases, develop different types of retirement savings institutions. This paper charts the decline of traditional workplace pensions, the apparent inadequacy of alternatives such as money‐purchase (defined contribution) schemes, and the rise of what are referred to as ‘public utilities’: government sponsored savings institutions designed to compensate for the decline (in coverage and promised value) of workplace pensions albeit at a more modest level than that associated with traditional defined benefit schemes. Reference is made to the experience of the USA, the UK, and Australia with passing comments of related developments in Germany and continental Europe. It is argued that the rise of public utilities in this domain is indicative of the transformation of corporate capitalism over the past 25 years and the realisation that the costs of neoliberalism may be so significant that governments have to take responsibility, once again, for underwriting retirement welfare.     

Regional Journals in Geography: A Vision for the 21st Century*

Abstract

This paper (originally published in The North West Geographer, 1997, 1(1), 2–17)) contributes to the debate on journals in geography and the production of geographical knowledge by considering a hitherto neglected issue – the role of regional journals of geography. Initially, an overview is provided which considers issues such as the status of the regional journal within the discipline and its fortune relative to the changing concerns of geography in the late 20th Century. A case study of The Manchester Geographer then critically appraises this particular journal's contribution to geographical knowledge. Finally, and in conclusion, some suggestions are offered which it is believed would ensure that regional journals perform a useful and unique role in the production of geographical knowledge in the 21st Century.     

新时期甘肃省博物馆陈列展览与科学研究综述

新时期,甘肃省博物馆坚持科学发展,科研成果辈出.博物馆作为文化遗产事业的主要承载平台之一,其功能具有文化遗产事业的共性--教育、科研、经济功能,博物馆的公益性主要体现在教育和科研两项功能上.近年来,国家和各级政府对文博工作高度重视,社会各界对文博工作大力支持,博物馆要抓住机遇、开拓创新,大力推进博物馆事业的发展.     

21世纪以来德国的技术移民政策与中国移民

论文分析了近十年德国移民的概况与特点以及德国偏重吸引高素质人才的技术移民政策。认为虽然德国并非传统意义上的移民国家,移民历史较短,但已成为越来越具有吸引力的国家,目前已成为全球第三大移民目的国。21世纪以后德国移民政策更偏重于高技术移民,先后实施绿卡政策、颁布《移民法》、引进欧盟蓝卡等政策,吸引更多的外国技术专家来德国工作和生活。中国是德国重要的非欧盟移民来源国,中国留学生在中国移民总量中所占比例最大。中国的高技术移民呈增长趋势,在德国所有国外高层次人才中占有明显优势。