中国人口迁移特征及其影响因素——基于第六次人口普查数据的分析

利用2010年第六次人口普查数据,对我国人口迁移的特征及其影响因素进行研究。首先分析了包括年龄、性别、受教育程度和职业分布等在内的迁移人群的社会经济特征,继而从迁移原因、迁移人口的城乡分布、迁移时间、迁移类型与属性的交叉分析等方面探讨了人口迁移的类型学特征。引入就业可达性概念,分析了人口迁移率的空间格局、就业可达性与人口迁移率的空间匹配关系以及人口迁移流的空间格局,发现通过就业可达性格局可以很好地解释人口迁移率的分布。最后,采取多元线性回归技术研究了人口迁移的影响因素,结果表明,迁入地城镇居民收入与迁移率呈正相关关系,而迁出地城镇收入、迁入地的科技文化水平、迁移距离和迁入地农村收入则与迁移率呈负相关关系。     

关于“人口迁移”、“移民”及其相关概念

中国历代边疆人口迁移是边疆治理研究的重要组成部分,要想对这一问题进行深入研究,首先必须弄清楚有关中国历代边疆人口迁移及其相关概念的内涵。然而,学界对这些概念的使用则存在较大分歧,需要作一些辨析。下面仅就"人口迁移"、"人口流动"、"移民"、"民族迁移"几个概念的内涵,进行一些简单的辨析和讨论。     

基于GIS的中国省际人口迁移流的空间特征分析

文章基于中国第五、六次人口普查与2005年1%人口普查数据资料,采用流数据分析方法,运用GIS空间分析技术,选用省际人口迁移的最大联系线、最大迁出流、最大迁入流、期望线、迁移效率、粗迁移率等方法系统地研究了我国1995-2010年间省际迁移的时空动态特点及其区际联系。结果表明:全国省际人口迁移的流动性不断增强,东部地区更明显;省际最大人口迁出与迁入流反映了中国省际区域间空间相互作用整体框架,全国大致可以分为3个人口吸引片区和5个辐射片区;省际最大净迁移流主要分布在东南沿海地区,中、西部地区分布较少,其空间分布与各省的MEI_(i)指数密切相关。     

清朝的人口迁移及其社会经济影响

清朝人口迁移规模巨大有两个独特的原因:一为清朝人口的快速增长;二为清朝赋税制度的改革,实行摊丁入亩,使人民获得自由.人口迁移的方向也不同于前朝,总趋势是从中原、江南等人口稠密区向人口稀少的边疆、山区、海岛迁移.清朝的人口迁移缓解了人口相对过剩的压力,使先进的生产技术和生产方法得当传播,有利于经济发展.从而对当时的社会产生了广泛的影响.     

近十年来中国人口迁移研究及其评价

本文对20世纪90年代以来的中国人口迁移研究进行了总结与评价。文章首先概述了近10年来中国人口迁移研究的主要特点;然后对中国人口迁移研究的主要内容即迁移人口的社会经济特征,人口迁移的空间格局,影响因素,作用,人口迁移政策建议以及人口迁移研究中的理论与方法等方面进行了总结;最后指出了人口迁移研究中存在的问题与未来应该加强研究的领域。     

浅议二语习得中母语的迁移现象

语言迁移是二语习得过程中影响语言学习的重要因素。本文试图在语言迁移理论研究的基础上,力求从语音,词汇,句法以及文化等方面研究汉语对二语学习的正、负迁移现象,并建设性地提出,在二语习得过程中,我们应尽量利用正迁移、避免负迁移,最终达到提高英语学习的目标。     

城市化进程中东北少数民族人口迁移流动状况分析

随着经济社会的发展和城市化进程的加快,东北少数民族人口的分布重心越来越偏向辽宁,偏向城市,偏向散杂居地区;东北少数民族人口的迁移流动以近距离省内迁移为主,辽宁是东北少数民族迁移流动人口最多的省份和主要迁入地;20世纪90年代以前,投靠亲友、婚姻迁入和随迁家属是东北少数民族人口迁移的最主要动因;城市化使东北少数民族人口的职业地位得到结构性提升,但同时,又呈现出速度慢、规模小、省际差异大等特征.     

论唐代的人口迁移

<正> 在唐代人口地理诸问题中,人口迁移是较为突出的。研究唐代人口迁移,不仅可以通过解决一些具体问题,如迁移的基本方向和规模、人口迁移区状况和迁移路线,来加深对唐代人口地理面貌及其变迁的认识,而且也有助于唐史研究中若干课题和唐代人口诸问题的解决。近几十年来,唐代人口迁移问题很少有人研究,仅见的数篇论文则以概述性研究为主。有鉴于此,笔者重     

历史时期陈留阮氏的迁移与分布

陈留阮姓是殷商偃姓诸侯国的后代 ,早期主要活动在今陕、甘交界的泾、渭流域。商亡后 ,随着周王朝的东迁以及后来东汉建都洛阳 ,阮姓之人也逐渐东迁至今河南省境内 ,汉末魏晋时期聚居陈留郡并发展成为当时的一个名门望族。两晋南北朝时期 ,随着政治和文化中心的东移以及连绵不断的战乱 ,陈留阮姓也随人口迁移的大军迁往长江中下游地区 ,继而又向岭南迁移。隋、唐以后 ,阮姓之人在前期迁移的基础上 ,以河南、江、浙和广州为中心继续向其周边地区迁移 ,从而形成了今天南方的阮姓人口远远多于北方的格局     

论转型期英国人口迁移模式的变化

转型期英国人口迁移以17世纪中叶为界先后形成了生计型迁移和改善型迁移两种模式。17世纪中叶以前,随着人口快速增长而出现乡村人口过剩,许多人为生计所迫,在原住地推力和城市拉力的双重作用下形成了生计型迁移模式。这一时期人口迁移具有相当的盲目性和不确定性。17世纪中叶以后,人口增长减速,经济地理布局日趋均衡,城市拉力作用减弱,人口迁移走向地方化和有序化,从而形成了改善型迁移模式。转型期英国人口迁移模式的变化深刻影响到向近代社会转型的历史进程。     

社区建成环境对老年人社会交往活动的影响研究

我国正步入老龄化社会,社会交往活动对实现健康老龄化具有积极作用,深入理解社区建成环境对老年人社会交往活动的影响,是促进老年人身心健康的重要途径.本文基于2015年"第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查"数据,运用多水平回归模型,重点考察社区建成环境对老年人社会交往活动的影响.研究发现,我国老年人36％的社会交往水平差异...     

劳动力转移的理论流派与地理学的视角

简单回顾了关于劳动力转移的几种主要理论观点,除综合性的分析外,将劳动力迁移理论归纳为四类分析框架,即二元结构转换理论,以个人决策、成本-收益为主的分析理论,受家庭、社会结构影响的收益-风险分析框架,环境与移民相关分析学派。对人文地理学对劳动力问题的理解,以及近年来国内人文地理学在劳动力转移问题研究的主要议题进行了总结。认为,与现有的成熟理论相比,当前国内地理学对农村劳动力转移的研究存在框架和核心的缺失,偏重于刻画人口/劳动力流动的空间特征,对城市的特别关注,尤其是外来人口对城市空间和城市经济的影响,关注劳动力转移的影响,对劳动力转移的条件、过程的研究不够。对地理学调整改变视角,发挥学科优势,参与中国农村劳动力转移研究提出了建议。     

流动人口核心家庭的迁移模式分析——基于家庭生命周期的视角

当前我国的人口流动步入新的发展阶段,流动人口的迁移模式呈现出明显的家庭化趋势,在此背景下迁移选择是否和流动人口家庭的生命周期阶段息息相关呢？未来的市民化政策需要因此而迭代升级为家庭视角吗？文章使用中国25所城市的流动人口调查数据构建Logistic回归模型,从家庭生命周期阶段、个体特征、家庭特征和城市流动特征四个维度探究影响核心家庭迁移模式的具体因素和相关程度,结果显示：家庭的生命周期阶段是流动模式的重要影响因素,核心家庭在新婚期和学龄前期举家流动的概率最大,当孩子步入适龄教育阶段,流动人口的家庭界面面临分散的可能性增加,导致留守子女和留守妇女的社会现象持续,当子女毕业或就业时家庭成员团聚的概率再次增加。未来市民化政策中应当围绕流动人口的家庭出台更全面的实施方案。     

Environmental influences on skilled worker migration from Bangladesh to Canada

We conducted focus groups in Toronto with 44 recent skilled worker immigrants from Bangladesh to explore whether their decisions to migrate to Canada may have been influenced by environmental problems. Previous research has documented how floods, cyclones, droughts, and seasonal precipitation variations affect rural‐urban migration patterns within Bangladesh, and to its neighbours. Most participants had not experienced such environmental hazards, having lived in Dhaka prior to migrating. However, Dhaka's ongoing problems with air and water pollution, sanitation, lack of green space, and food adulteration were cited by 70% as being relevant considerations for the decision to migrate. The degree of influence varied considerably among participants. Roughly 16% said pollution was their primary motivation for leaving, household members having suffered from illnesses traceable to air pollution or poor sanitation. Another 54% stated that Dhaka's environmental problems were part of a wider range of quality‐of‐life concerns that had some influence on their decision. The findings suggest that current migration to Canada is not connected with environmental migration that takes place within Bangladesh, but that urban environmental problems combined with other social, economic, and political factors can help drive migration.     

‘Filial son’, the family and identity formation among male migrant workers in urban China

This article is based on an ethnographic study of life histories of 28 rural–urban (internal) migrant men located within southern China. It explores their narratives with a particular focus on changing social relations within the family, from the perspective of migrant sons. It argues that traditional gender norms, such as those attached to being a ‘filial son’, are lived out, albeit reworked, among Chinese male migrant workers across generations. The men recount the role of traditional familial gender norms, which are central cultural resources in forging their ‘dislocated’ identities within specific temporal and spatial conditions. For example, being a ‘filial son’ has become an important reference point for these mobile male workers to actively negotiate their emerging masculine identities in the process of negotiating urban lives, while living away from their rural homes. The article also explores a more complex understanding of rural–urban migration in terms of critically engaging with the men's well-being as urban workers.     

Negotiating between patriarchy and emancipation: rural-to-urban migrant women in Albania

It is essential to explore the role of gender while analysing internal migration in Albania to account for the differing experiences of men and women. Quantitative studies suggest that Albanian internal migration is pioneered by men, with women merely acceding to their wishes. This article addresses the undervalued role of women in the academic discourse concerning migration in Albania. Utilizing ethnographic research techniques, it explores the role of women migrating from rural to urban areas as part of a larger household and examines the coping and negotiating strategies used for survival in the city. Our findings reveal that women actively participate in the rural-to-urban migration process, including the initial decision to migrate and the choice of destination. Women's narratives provide evidence of specific emancipation strategies through which they express themselves and their new ways of living. Women adjust to and challenge their new urban environment through gaining paid employment and expanding their social networks, as well as experience emancipation through daughters and by changing their appearance, achieving varying degrees of personal and social prosperity.     

迁居对单位老年人日常生活社会网络的影响

社会网络对于老年人的日常活动与生活质量起着至关重要的作用,关系到老年人的身心健康、主观幸福感以及生活满意度等多个维度。本文以单位老年人为研究对象,通过深入观察、追踪研究、结构访谈、案例剖析等质性研究方法,对比迁居前后单位老年人的日常生活与社会交往状态,分析迁居后单位老年人应对新居住空间与原有社会交往空间分离下的日常活动与交往模式的调整与变化,重点剖析迁居老年人与原单位社区之间的互动,进而归纳迁居对单位老年人社会网络的影响机制,并从老年人迁居与社会交往的互动关系的角度提出相关的老龄政策。     

珠三角流动人口家庭化迁移特征及影响因素研究——基于家庭生命周期视角

流动人口家庭化迁移有利于家庭质量和生活幸福感的提升，对推进我国“以人为本”的新型城镇化具有重要意义。本文基于家庭生命周期理论，以珠三角流动人口核心家庭为研究对象，分析处于不同家庭生命周期流动人口的基本属性特征、家庭化迁移特征及影响因素。研究发现：①不同家庭生命周期流动人口的基本属性同质性与差异性并存。②未育夫妻家庭中夫妻分居现象严重，家庭化迁移多出于经济理性。③夫妻与未婚子女家庭以举家迁移为主，子女对家庭完整性具有积极作用，家庭化迁移更多考虑子女教育、生活照料和社会保障。④未婚者与父母家庭中，未婚者逐渐离家并以非家庭化迁移为主，父母对未婚子女生活、工作选择等保持独立性尊重。     

Ageing well: the time–spaces of possibility for older female Latvian migrants in the UK

In this article, we explore the relationships between ageing, place and migration based on life history interviews with 37 female Latvian migrants in the UK. Reflecting an approach that sees migration as both embodied and emplaced, we conceptualise ageing and migration as entwined becomings that reconfigure the possibilities of a ‘better life’ in different time–spaces. Our approach combines time-geography with a well-being-based approach to migration constraints and outcomes. Our stress is on vitality – the ways in which migrants are able to mobilise resources and enact agency even in an environment where some aspects of life and working conditions are restrictive and exploitative. Hence, older Latvian women are able to transgress negative perceptions of ageing in their home country and achieve a measure of empowerment, both economic and psychosocial by moving to the UK.     

Impact of rural-to-urban migration on family and gender values in China

Drawing on data from the 2006 China General Social Survey, propensity score matching was used to investigate the impact of rural-to-urban migration on family and gender values in China at distinct stages of the migratory process. Little evidence of ideational difference is found between rural natives who intend to migrate to urban areas and those who intend to stay in rural China. However, rural-to-urban migration has significant, diverse and gendered impacts on various domains of family and gender values at distinct migratory stages. The results also cast light on the important roles played by hukou status and various forms of socioeconomic and cultural status, such as education and occupation, in mediating the impact of rural-to-urban migration on family and gender values. The ideational impact of migration is shown to be shaped by China’s distinctive institutional features.